by Demosthenes
[22] ἐγένετο δὴ υἱὸς τῷ Ἁγνίᾳ Πολέμων καὶ θυγάτηρ Φυλομάχη, ἀδελφὴ τοῦ Πολέμωνος ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία: τοῦ δὲ Στρατίου ἐγένοντο τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου Φανόστρατος καὶ Χαρίδημος ὁ τουτουὶ πάππος Μακαρτάτου. ἐρωτῶ δὴ ὑμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πότερος οἰκειότερός ἐστιν καὶ προσήκει μᾶλλον τῷ Ἁγνίᾳ, ὁ υἱὸς ὁ Πολέμων καὶ ἡ θυγάτηρ ἡ Φυλομάχη, ἢ Χαρίδημος ὁ υἱὸς Στρατίου, ἀδελφιδοῦς δ᾽ Ἁγνίου; ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἡγοῦμαι τὸν υἱὸν καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα οἰκειότερον εἶναι ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν μᾶλλον ἢ τὸν ἀδελφιδοῦν: καὶ οὐ μόνον παρ᾽ ἡμῖν τοῦτο νενόμισται, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασι καὶ Ἕλλησι καὶ βαρβάροις.
[22] To Hagnias was born a son, Polemon, and a daughter, Phylomachê, sister of Polemon by the same father and the same mother; and to Stratius, the brother of Hagnias, there were born Phanostratus and Charidemus, the grandfather of the defendant Macartatus. Now I ask you, men of the jury, which is nearer of kin and more closely related to Hagnias, his son Polemon and his daughter Phylomachê, or Charidemus, the son of Stratius, and nephew of Hagnias? For my part I think that to every one of us his son and daughter are more nearly related than his nephew; and not only with us does this hold good, but also among all other people whether Greeks or barbarians.
[23] ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο ὁμολογεῖται, ῥᾳδίως ἤδη τοῖς ἄλλοις, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, παρακολουθήσετε, καὶ αἰσθήσεσθε τούτους ὅτι εἰσὶ βίαιοι καὶ ἀσελγεῖς ἄνθρωποι. τοῦ Πολέμωνος γὰρ τοῦ υἱέος τοῦ Ἁγνίου ἐγένετο υἱὸς Ἁγνίας, τὸ τοῦ πάππου τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ ὄνομ᾽ ἔχων, τοῦ Ἁγνίου. καὶ οὗτος μὲν ἄπαις ἐτελεύτησεν ὁ Ἁγνίας ὁ ὕστερος.
[23] Since, then, this is admitted, you will now easily follow the rest of the argument men of the jury, and you will see how arbitrary and how reckless these men are. To Polemon, son of Hagnias, was born a son, Hagnias, having the name of his grandfather Hagnias, and this second Hagnias died without issue.
[24] τῆς Φυλομάχης δὲ τῆς ἀδελφῆς τῆς Πολέμωνος, καὶ Φιλάγρου, ᾧ ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν ὁ ἀδελφὸς Πολέμων ἀνεψιῷ ὄντι ἑαυτοῦ （ὁ γὰρ Φίλαγρος υἱὸς ἦν Εὐβουλίδου τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου）, τοῦ δὴ Φιλάγρου τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Πολέμωνος καὶ τῆς Φυλομάχης τῆς ἀδελφῆς τῆς Πολέμωνος ἐγένετο υἱὸς Εὐβουλίδης, ὁ πατὴρ ὁ τῆς μητρὸς τοῦ παιδὸς τουτουί. καὶ οὗτοι μὲν υἱεῖς ἐγένοντο Πολέμωνι καὶ τῇ ἀδελφῇ τῇ Πολέμωνος Φυλομάχῃ. τοῦ δὲ Χαριδήμου ἐγένετο, τοῦ υἱέος τοῦ Στρατίου, Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου.
[24] But from Phylomachê, the sister of Polemon, and Philagrus, to whom her brother Polemon had given her in marriage, he being his first cousin （for Philagrus was the son of Eubulides, the brother of Hagnias） — from Philagrus, I say, the cousin of Polemon, and Phylomachê the sister of Polemon, there was born Eubulides the father of this boy’s mother. These sons, then, were born to Polemon and to Polemon’s sister Phylomachê. But to Charidemus, the son of Stratius, there was born a son Theopompus, the father of the defendant Macartatus.
[25] πάλιν δὴ ἐρωτῶ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πότερος οἰκειότερός ἐστιν καὶ προσήκει μᾶλλον Ἁγνίᾳ τῷ πρώτῳ ἐκείνῳ, ὁ Πολέμωνος υἱὸς Ἁγνίας καὶ Εὐβουλίδης ὁ Φυλομάχης υἱὸς καὶ Φιλάγρου, ἢ Θεόπομπος ὁ Χαριδήμου υἱός, Στρατίου δὲ ὑϊδοῦς; ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ οἶμαι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, εἴπερ καὶ ὁ υἱὸς οἰκειότατός ἐστιν καὶ ἡ θυγάτηρ, πάλιν ὁ ὑϊδοῦς καὶ ὁ ἐκ τῆς θυγατρὸς υἱός, οὗτοι οἰκειότεροί εἰσι μᾶλλον ἢ ὁ τοῦ ἀδελφιδοῦ υἱὸς καὶ ὁ ἐξ ἑτέρου ὢν οἴκου.
[25] Again, then, I ask you, men of the jury, which is nearer of kin and more closely related to the first Hagnias, Hagnias, the son of Polemon, and Eubulides, the son of Phylomachê and Philagrus, or Theopompus, the son of Charidemus and grandson of Stratius? I am of the opinion, men of the jury, that if the son and the daughter are the nearest of kin, so, too, the son’s son and the daughter’s son are more nearly related than the son of a nephew and one who is a member of another branch of the family.
[26] τῷ μὲν οὖν Θεοπόμπῳ ἐγένετο υἱὸς Μακάρτατος οὑτοσί, τῷ δὲ Εὐβουλίδῃ τῷ τῆς Φυλομάχης υἱεῖ, ἀνεψιῷ δὲ Ἁγνίου ὄντι πρὸς πατρός, οὑτοσὶ ὁ παῖς, ἀνεψιοῦ παῖς ὢν Ἁγνίᾳ πρὸς πατρός, ἐπειδὴ ἡ Φυλομάχη ἡ μήτηρ ἡ Εὐβουλίδου καὶ ὁ Πολέμων ὁ πατὴρ ὁ Ἁγνίου ἀδελφοὶ ἦσαν ὁμοπάτριοι καὶ ὁμομήτριοι. τῷ δέ γε Μακαρτάτῳ τῳδί, τῷ υἱεῖ τῷ Θεοπόμπου, οὐδὲν ἐγένετο ἔκγονον ὅ τι ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ τούτου καὶ τῷ Στρατίου.
[26] Well, to Theopompus was born a son, Macartatus, the defendant, and to Eubulides, the son of Phylomachê, and cousin of Hagnias on his father’s side; this boy, who is to Hagnias the son of a first cousin on the father’s side; since Phylomachê, the mother of Eubulides and Polemon, the father of Hagnias, were brother and sister, born of the same father and the same mother. But to Macartatus here, the son of Theopompus, there has been no issue which is both in the family of Hagnias and in that of Stratius.
[27] τούτων δ᾽ οὕτως ἐχόντων, τῷ μὲν παιδὶ τουτῳί ἐστιν ὄνομα τῶν ἐν τῷ νόμῳ εἰρημένων, καὶ μέχρι ὧν ὁ νόμος κελεύει τὴν ἀγχιστείαν εἶναι: ἀνεψιοῦ γὰρ Ἁγνίου παῖς ἐστιν: ὁ γὰρ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ Εὐβουλίδης ἀνεψιὸς ἦν Ἁγνίᾳ, οὗ ἐστιν ὁ κλῆρος. ὁ δέ γε Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου οὐκ ἂν εἶχεν ὄνομα θέσθαι αὑτῷ τῶν ἐν τῷ νόμῳ εἰρημένων οὐδέν: ἐξ ἑτέρου γὰρ οἴκου ἦν, τοῦ Στρατίου.
[27] Such being the facts, this boy here has one of the titles mentioned in the law, and up to which the law ordains that the right of succession should extend; for he is the child of the first cousin of Hagnias, since his father Eubulides was cousin to Hagnias, whose inheritance is in question. Theopompus, on the contrary, the father of the defendant Macartatus, could not have appropriated to himself any one of the titles mentioned in the law, for he belonged to another branch of the family, that of Stratius.
[28] οὐ προσήκει δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὐδένα ἀνθρώπων ἔχειν τὸν κλῆρον τὸν Ἁγνίου ἐξ ἑτέρου οἴκου ὄντα, ἕως ἄν τις λείπηται τῶν γενομένων ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ Ἁγνίου, οὐδ᾽ ἐκβάλλειν βίᾳ, ὅπερ οὗτοι διαπράττονται, γένει τε ἀπωτέρω ὄντες καὶ οὐκ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ οἴκῳ. τοῦτο �
�άρ ἐστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ᾧ παρεκρούσατο Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου.
[28] But it is not fitting, men of the jury, that any man whatsoever should possess the estate of Hagnias, one who belongs to another branch, so long as there is left any one of those born of the branch of Hagnias; no, nor is it right to expel such person by violence, as these men are trying to do, while they are themselves more distantly related, and not of the same branch of the family. For this, men of the jury, is the point upon which Theopompus, the father of the defendant Macartatus, misled the jury.
[29] τίνες οὖν οἱ λοιποί; οἱ ἔτι νῦν ὄντες ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ Ἁγνίου, Φυλομάχη τε ἡ ἐμὴ γυνή, Εὐβουλίδου δὲ θυγάτηρ οὖσα τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου, καὶ οὑτοσὶ ὁ παῖς ὁ εἰσηγμένος εἰς τὸν οἶκον τὸν Εὐβουλίδου καὶ Ἁγνίου. Θεόπομπος δὲ ὁ τουτουὶ πατὴρ Μακαρτάτου, οὐκ ὢν τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ἐψεύσατο πρὸς τοὺς δικαστὰς ὑπερμέγεθες ψεῦδος περί τε τῆς Φυλομάχης τῆς τοῦ Πολέμωνος ἀδελφῆς, τηθίδος δὲ Ἁγνίου, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν τῷ Πολέμωνι τῷ τοῦ Ἁγνίου υἱεῖ ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία ἀδελφή, καὶ πάλιν προσποιούμενος τοῦ αὐτοῦ οἴκου εἶναι Ἁγνίᾳ, ὁ οὐδεπώποτε γενόμενος.
[29] Who, then, are those still surviving in the branch of Hagnias? Phylomachê, my wife, who is the daughter of Eubulides, the cousin of Hagnias, and this boy, who has been adopted into the family of Eubulides and Hagnias. Theopompus, however, the father of the defendant Macartatus, not being himself of the branch of Hagnias, told the jurymen a monstrous lie regarding Phylomachê, the sister of Polemon and the aunt of Hagnias, alleging that she was not the sister of Polemon, the son of Hagnias, by the same father and mother, and another in pretending that he himself was of the same family as Hagnias, whereas he had never belonged to it.
[30] ταῦτα δὲ πάντα ἀδεῶς ἔλεγεν ὁ Θεόπομπος, μάρτυρα μὲν οὐδένα παρασχόμενος, ὅστις ἔμελλεν ὑπεύθυνος ἡμῖν ἔσεσθαι, συνομολογοῦντας δ᾽ ἑαυτῷ ἔχων τοὺς κοινωνούς, οἳ ἦσαν ἀλλήλοις συναγωνισταὶ καὶ ἅπαντα ἔπραττον κοινῇ, ὅπως ἀφέλωνται τὴν γυναῖκα τὴν τουτουὶ μητέρα τοῦ παιδὸς τὸν κλῆρον, ὃν αὐτῇ ὑμεῖς ἐψηφίσασθε.
[30] All these assertions Theopompus made fearlessly, not producing any witness who would have been responsible to us, but having only his associates to corroborate what he said; for they were leagued with one another and did everything in concert, in order to rob the lady, the mother of this boy here, of the inheritance which you by your votes had decided to be hers.
[31] βούλομαι οὖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, περὶ ὧν εἴρηκα πρὸς ὑμᾶς, μαρτυρίας παρασχέσθαι, πρῶτον μὲν ὡς ἐνίκησεν τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου ἡ Εὐβουλίδου θυγάτηρ Φυλομάχη, γένει οὖσα ἐγγυτάτω, ἔπειτα περὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων. ἀναγίγνωσκε τὴν μαρτυρίαν.”Μαρτυρία
μαρτυροῦσι παρεῖναι πρὸς τῷ διαιτητῇ ἐπὶΝικοφήμου ἄρχοντος, ὅτε ἐνίκησε Φυλομάχη ἡ Εὐβουλίδου θυγάτηρ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου τοὺς ἀμφισβητοῦντας αὐτῇ πάντας.”
[31] I wish now, men of the jury, to produce witnesses in support of the statements which I have made to you — first, to prove that Phylomachê, the daughter of Eubulides, won judgement for the estate of Hagnias as being the nearest of kin, and then to establish the rest of the facts.
Read the deposition.”Deposition
The deponents state that they were present before the arbitrator in the archonship of Nicophemus, when Phylomachê, the daughter of Eubulides, won judgement for the estate of Hagnias against all who disputed her title.”
[32] ὅτι μὲν ἐνίκησεν ἡ Εὐβουλίδου θυγάτηρ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ἀκηκόατε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. καὶ αὕτη ἐνίκησεν οὐδεμιᾷ παρασκευῇ ἀδίκῳ οὐδὲ συνωμοσίᾳ, ἀλλ᾽ ὡς οἷόν τε δικαιότατα, ἐπιδειξάντων ἡμῶν ὅτι γένει ἐγγυτάτω ἦν Ἁγνίᾳ, οὗ ἐστιν ὁ κλῆρος, ἀνεψιοῦ παῖς οὖσα πρὸς πατρὸς καὶ ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου οὖσα τοῦ Ἁγνίου.
[32] That Phylomachê, the daughter of Eubulides, won judgement for the estate of Hagnias, you have heard, men of the jury. And she won it, not by wrongful trickery or conspiracy, but in the fairest manner possible, since we proved that she was nearest of kin to Hagnias, whose estate is in question, being the daughter of his cousin on his father’s side, and being of the same branch as Hagnias.
[33] ἐπειδὰν οὖν λέγῃ Μακάρτατος, ὅτι ἐνίκησεν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ Θεόπομπος τοῦ κλήρου τούτου, ὑπολαμβάνετε αὐτῷ ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἐνίκησεν πρότερον ἢ Θεόπομπος ὁ τουτουὶ πατήρ, καὶ ὅτι δικαίως ἐνίκησεν ἡ γυνὴ ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου οὖσα τοῦ Ἁγνίου, Εὐβουλίδου θυγάτηρ οὖσα, τοῦ ἀνεψιοῦ τοῦ Ἁγνίου, ὁ δὲ Θεόπομπος ὅτι οὐκ ἐνίκησεν, ἀλλὰ παρεκρούσατο, οὐκ ὢν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τὸ παράπαν τοῦ Ἁγνίου.
[33] When, therefore, Macartatus says that his father Theopompus won judgement for this estate, make answer to him on your part, men of the jury, that the lady also won judgement before Theopompus, the defendant’s father, and that the lady won her case fairly, since she was of the same branch as Hagnias, being the daughter of Eubulides, the cousin of Hagnias, but that Theopompus did not win the suit, but prevailed by trickery, being himself in no sense whatever of the branch of Hagnias.
[34] ταῦτα αὐτῷ ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὑπολαμβάνετε, καὶ ὅτι τὸν παῖδα τουτονὶ Εὐβουλίδην, τὸν Εὐβουλίδου υἱόν, Ἁγνίου δέ, οὗ ἐστιν ὁ κλῆρος, ἀνεψιοῦ παῖδα πρὸς πατρός, οὔτε Θεόπομπος ὁ Μακαρτάτου πατὴρ οὔτε ἄλλος οὐδεὶς πώποτε ἀνθρώπων ἐνίκησεν. νυνὶ δ᾽ ἐστὶν ὁ ἀγὼν καὶ ἡ διαδικασία περὶ τοῦ κλήρου τοῦ Ἁγνίου τῷ Εὐβουλίδου υἱεῖ τούτῳ καὶ Μακαρτάτῳ τουτῳὶ τῷ Θεοπόμπου υἱεῖ: καὶ ὁπότερος τούτων δικαιότερα λέγειν δόξει καὶ κατὰ τοὺς νόμους μᾶλλον, δῆλον ὅτι τούτῳ ὑμεῖς οἱ δικασταὶ προσθήσεσθε.
[34] Make this reply to him yourselves, men of the jury, and also state that against this boy Eubulides, son of Eubulides, son of the first cousin on his father’s side of Hagnias, whose estate is in question, neither Theopompus, the father of Macartatus, nor any other man ever at any time won a judgement. At the present time the contest and the trial to adjudge the estate of Hagnias are between this son of Eubulides and the defendant Macartatus, the son of Theopompus; and whichever of these two shall in your judgement speak most in harmony with justice and the laws, to him, it is plain, you jurymen will give your votes.
[35] ἀναγίγνωσκε τὰς μαρτυρίας τὰς ὑπ�
�λοίπους, πρῶτον μὲν ὅτι ἡ Φυλομάχη ἡ τοῦ Ἁγνίου τηθὶς ἀδελφὴ ἦν ὁμοπατρία καὶ ὁμομητρία τῷ Πολέμωνι τῷ Ἁγνίου πατρί: ἔπειτα τὰς ἄλλας ἁπάσας ἀναγνώσεται τὰς περὶ τοῦ γένους.”Μαρτυρίαι
μαρτυροῦσι δημόται εἶναι Φιλάγρῳ τῷ Εὐβουλίδου πατρὶ καὶ Πολέμωνι τῷ πατρὶ τῷ Ἁγνίου, καὶ εἰδέναι Φυλομάχην τὴν μητέρα τὴν Εὐβουλίδου νομιζομένην ἀδελφὴν εἶναι Πολέμωνος τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Ἁγνίου ὁμοπατρίαν καὶ ὁμομητρίαν, καὶ μηδενὸς πώποτ᾽ ἀκοῦσαι ὡς γένοιτο ἀδελφὸς Πολέμωνι τῷ Ἁγνίου.”
[35] Read the remaining depositions; first, those proving that Phylomachê, the aunt of Hagnias, was sister by the same father and the same mother to Polemon, the father of Hagnias; after that he shall read all the other depositions which have to do with the pedigree.”Depositions