by Demosthenes
[11] We on our part, as soon as we learned what had taken place, were greatly dismayed at his action, and went to this man, who was the prime mover in the whole plot, complaining angrily, as was natural, that although we had expressedly stipulated in the agreement that the ship should sail to no other port than to Athens, and had lent our money on this condition, he had left us open to suspicion with people who might wish to accuse and say that we also had been partners to the conveyance of the grain to Rhodes; and complaining also that he and his partner, despite their agreement to do so, had not brought the ship back to your port.
[12] ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐδὲν ἐπεραίνομεν ὑπὲρ τῆς συγγραφῆς καὶ τῶν δικαίων διαλεγόμενοι, ἀλλὰ τό γε δάνειον καὶ τοὺς τόκους ἠξιοῦμεν ἀπολαβεῖν τοὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁμολογηθέντας. οὗτος δὲ οὕτως ὑβριστικῶς ἐχρήσατο ἡμῖν, ὥστε τοὺς μὲν τόκους τοὺς ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ γεγραμμένους οὐκ ἔφη δώσειν: ‘εἰ δὲ βούλεσθε,’ ἔφη, ‘κομίζεσθαι τὸ πρὸς μέρος τοῦ πλοῦ τοῦ πεπλευσμένου, δώσω ὑμῖν’ φησὶν ‘τοὺς εἰς Ῥόδον τόκους: πλείους δ᾽ οὐκ ἂν δοίην’, αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ νομοθετῶν καὶ οὐχὶ τοῖς ἐκ τῆς συγγραφῆς δικαίοις πειθόμενος.
[12] When, however, we made no headway in talking about the agreement and our rights, we demanded that he at any rate pay us back the amount loaned with the interest as originally agreed upon. But the fellow treated us with such insolence as to declare that he would not pay the interest stipulated in the agreement. “If, however,” he said, “you are willing to accept the interest calculated in proportion to the voyage completed, I will give you,” said he, “the interest as far as Rhodes; but more I will not give.” Thus he made a law for himself and refused to comply with the just terms of the agreement.
[13] ὡς δ᾽ ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἂν ἔφαμεν συγχωρῆσαι οὐδὲν τούτων, λογιζόμενοι ὅτι, ὁπότε τοῦτο πράξομεν, ὁμολογοῦμεν καὶ αὐτοὶ εἰς Ῥόδον σεσιτηγηκέναι, ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐπέτεινεν οὗτος καὶ μάρτυρας πολλοὺς παραλαβὼν προσῄει, φάσκων ἕτοιμος εἶναι ἀποδιδόναι τὸ δάνειον καὶ τοὺς τόκους τοὺς εἰς Ῥόδον, οὐδὲν μᾶλλον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀποδοῦναι διανοούμενος, ἀλλ᾽ ἡμᾶς ὑπολαμβάνων οὐκ ἂν ἐθελῆσαι λαβεῖν τὸ ἀργύριον διὰ τὰς ὑπούσας αἰτίας. ἐδήλωσε δὲ αὐτὸ τὸ ἔργον.
[13] When we said that we could not acquiesce in anything like this, considering that, were we to do so, it would be an admission that we too had been engaged in conveying grain to Rhodes, he became even more insistent, and came up to us, bringing a host of witnesses, asserting that he was ready to pay us the principal with interest as far as Rhodes; not that he had any more intention to pay, men of the jury, but suspecting that we should be unwilling to accept the money on account of the charges to which our action might give rise. The result made this clear.
[14] ἐπειδὴ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τῶν ὑμετέρων πολιτῶν τινὲς παραγενόμενοι ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου συνεβούλευον ἡμῖν τὸ μὲν διδόμενον λαμβάνειν, περὶ δὲ τῶν ἀντιλεγομένων κρίνεσθαι, τοὺς δὲ εἰς Ῥόδον τόκους μὴ καθομολογεῖν τέως ἂν κριθῶμεν, ἡμεῖς μὲν ταῦτα συνεχωροῦμεν, οὐκ ἀγνοοῦντες, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τὸ ἐκ τῆς συγγραφῆς δίκαιον, ἀλλ᾽ ἡγούμενοι δεῖν ἐλαττοῦσθαί τι καὶ συγχωρεῖν ὥστε μὴ δοκεῖν φιλόδικοι εἶναι, οὗτος δ᾽ ὡς ἑώρα ἡμᾶς ὁμόσε πορευομένους, ‘ἀναιρεῖσθε’ φησὶ ‘τοίνυν τὴν συγγραφήν.’
[14] For when some of your citizens, men of Athens, who chanced to be present advised to accept what was offered and to sue for the amount under dispute, but not to admit the reckoning of the interest to Rhodes until the case should be settled we agreed to this. We were not unaware, men of the jury, of our rights under the agreement, but we thought it better to suffer some loss and to make a concession, so as not to appear litigious. But when the fellow saw that we were on the point of accepting his offer, he said, “Well, then, cancel the agreement.” “We cancel the agreement?
[15] ‘ἡμεῖς ἀναιρώμεθα; οὐδέν γε μᾶλλον ἢ ὁτιοῦν: ἀλλὰ κατὰ μὲν τἀργύριον ὃ ἂν ἀποδῷς, ὁμολογήσομεν ἐναντίον τοῦ τραπεζίτου ἄκυρον ποιεῖν τὴν συγγραφήν, τὸ μέντοι σύνολον οὐκ ἂν ἀνελοίμεθα, ἕως ἂν περὶ τῶν ἀντιλεγομένων κριθῶμεν. τί γὰρ ἔχοντες δίκαιον ἢ τί τὸ ἰσχυρὸν ἀντιδικήσομεν, ἐάν τε πρὸς διαιτητὴν ἐάν τε εἰς δικαστήριον δέῃ βαδίζειν, ἀνελόμενοι τὴν συγγραφήν, ἐν ᾗ τὴν ὑπὲρ τῶν δικαίων βοήθειαν ἔχομεν’;
[15] Indeed we will not. However, as far as concerns any money you may pay we will in the presence of the banker agree to annul the agreement; but cancel it in its entirety we will not, until we get a verdict on the matters under dispute. For what just plea shall we have, or on what can we rely when we come to a contest at law, whether we have to appear before an arbitrator or before a court, if we have cancelled the agreement on which we rely for the recovery of our rights?”
[16] ταῦτα δὲ ἡμῶν λεγόντων, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ ἀξιούντων Διονυσόδωρον τουτονὶ τὴν μὲν συγγραφὴν μὴ κινεῖν μηδὲ ἄκυρον ποιεῖν τὴν ὁμολογουμένην καὶ ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν τούτων κυρίαν εἶναι, τῶν δὲ χρημάτων ὅσα μὲν αὐτὸς ὁμολογεῖ, ἀποδοῦναι ἡμῖν, περὶ δὲ τῶν ἀντιλεγομένων ὡς ἑτοίμων ὄντων κριθῆναι, εἴτε βούλοιντο ἐφ᾽ ἑνὸς εἴτε κἀν πλείοσι τῶν ἐκ τοῦ ἐμπορίου, οὐκ ἔφη προσέχειν Διονυσόδωρος τούτων οὐδενί, ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι τὴν συγγραφὴν ὅλως οὐκ ἀνῃρούμεθα ἀπολαμβάνοντες ἃ οὗτος ἐπέταττεν, ἔχει δεύτερον ἔτος τὰ ἡμέτερα καὶ χρῆται τοῖς χρήμασιν:
[16] Such was our answer to him, men of the jury, and we demanded of this fellow Dionysodorus that he should not disturb or annul the agreement which these men themselves admitted to be binding, but that in regard to the amount he should pay us what he himself acknowledged to be due and to leave the settlement of the sum under dispute （with the understanding that the money was available） to the decision of one or more arbitrators, as he might prefer, to be chosen from among the merchants of this port. Dionysodorus, however, would not listen to anything of this sort, but because we refused to accept what he agreed to pay and cancel the agreement altogether, he has for two years kept and made use of our capital;
[17] καὶ ὃ πάντων ἐστὶ δεινότατον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτι αὐτὸς μὲν οὗτος παρ᾽ ἑτέρων εἰσπράττει ναυτικοὺς τόκους ἀπὸ τῶν ἡμετέρων χρημάτων, οὐκ Ἀθήνησι δανείσας οὐδ᾽ εἰς Ἀθήνας, ἀλλ᾽ εἰς Ῥόδον καὶ Αἴγυπτον, ἡμῖν δὲ τοῖς δανείσασιν εἰς τὸ ὑμέ�
�ερον ἐμπόριον οὐκ οἴεται δεῖν τῶν δικαίων οὐδὲν ποιεῖν. ὅτι δ᾽ ἀληθῆ λέγω, ἀναγνώσεται ὑμῖν τὴν πρόκλησιν ἣν ὑπὲρ τούτων προὐκαλεσάμεθ᾽ αὐτόν.”Πρόκλησις”
[17] and what is the most outrageous thing of all, men of the jury, the fellow himself gets maritime interest from other people from our money, lending it, not at Athens or for a voyage to Athens, but for voyages to Rhodes and Egypt, while to us who lent him money for a voyage to your port he thinks he need do nothing that justice demands
To prove that I am speaking the truth, the clerk shall read you the challenge which I gave Dionysodorus concerning these matters.” Challenge”
[18] ταῦτα τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, προκαλεσαμένων ἡμῶν Διονυσόδωρον τουτονὶ πολλάκις, καὶ ἐπὶ πολλὰς ἡμέρας ἐκτιθέντων τὴν πρόκλησιν, εὐήθεις ἔφη παντελῶς ἡμᾶς εἶναι, εἰ ὑπολαμβάνομεν αὐτὸν οὕτως ἀλογίστως ἔχειν ὥστ᾽ ἐπὶ διαιτητὴν βαδίζειν, προδήλου ὄντος ὅτι καταγνώσεται αὐτοῦ ἀποτεῖσαι τὰ χρήματα, ἐξὸν αὐτῷ ἐπὶ τὸ δικαστήριον ἥκειν φέροντα τὸ ἀργύριον, εἶτ᾽ ἐὰν μὲν δύνηται ὑμᾶς παρακρούσασθαι, ἀπιέναι τἀλλότρια ἔχοντα, εἰ δὲ μή, τηνικαῦτα καταθεῖναι τὰ χρήματα, ὡς ἂν ἄνθρωπος οὐ τῷ δικαίῳ πιστεύων, ἀλλὰ διάπειραν ὑμῶν λαμβάνειν βουλόμενος.
[18] This challenge, then, we tendered to this Dionysodorus again and again, and we exposed the challenge to public view over a period of many days. He, however, declared that we must be absolute simpletons, if we supposed him to be senseless enough to go before an arbitrator — who would most certainly condemn him to pay the debt — when he might come into court bringing the money with him, and then, if he could hoodwink you he would go back keeping possession of what was another’s, and if he could not, he would then pay the money. Thus he showed that he had no confidence in the justice of his case, but that he wished to make trial of you.
[19] τὰ μὲν τοίνυν πεπραγμένα Διονυσοδώρῳ ἀκηκόατε, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί: οἴομαι δ᾽ ὑμᾶς θαυμάζειν ἀκούοντας πάλαι τὴν τόλμαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τῷ ποτε πιστεύων εἰσελήλυθεν δευρί. πῶς γὰρ οὐ τολμηρόν, εἴ τις ἄνθρωπος δανεισάμενος χρήματα ἐκ τοῦ ἐμπορίου τοῦ Ἀθηναίων,
[19] You have heard, then, men of the jury, what Dionysodorus has done; and as you have heard I fancy you have long been amazed at his audacity, and have wondered upon what in the world he relies in coming into court. For is it not the height of audacity, when a man who has borrowed money from the port of Athens,
[20] καὶ συγγραφὴν διαρρήδην γραψάμενος ἐφ᾽ ᾧ τε καταπλεῖν τὴν ναῦν εἰς τὸ ὑμέτερον ἐμπόριον, εἰ δὲ μή, ἀποτίνειν διπλάσια τὰ χρήματα, μήτε τὴν ναῦν κατακεκόμικεν εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ μήτε τὰ χρήματα ἀποδίδωσι τοῖς δανείσασιν, τόν τε σῖτον ἐξελόμενος ἐν Ῥόδῳ ἀπέδοτο, καὶ ταῦτα διαπεπραγμένος μηδὲν ἧττον τολμᾷ βλέπειν εἰς τὰ ὑμέτερα πρόσωπα;
[20] and has expressly agreed in writing that his ship shall return to your port, or that, if she does not, he shall pay double the amount, has not brought the ship to the Peiraeus and does not pay his debt to the lenders; and as for the grain, has unladed that and sold it at Rhodes, and then despite all this dares to look into your faces?
[21] ἃ δὴ λέγει πρὸς ταῦτα ἀκούσατε. φησὶ γὰρ τὴν ναῦν πλέουσαν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ῥαγῆναι, καὶ διὰ ταῦτα ἀναγκασθῆναι καὶ προσσχεῖν εἰς τὴν Ῥόδον κἀκεῖ ἐξελέσθαι τὸν σῖτον. καὶ τούτου τεκμήριον λέγει, ὡς ἄρα ἐκ τῆς Ῥόδου μισθώσαιτο πλοῖα καὶ δεῦρο ἀποστείλειε τῶν χρημάτων ἔνια. ἓν μὲν τοῦτό ἐστιν αὐτῷ μέρος τῆς ἀπολογίας, δεύτερον δ᾽ ἐκεῖνο:
[21] But hear what he says in reply to this. He alleges that the ship was disabled on the voyage from Egypt, and that for this reason he was obliged to touch at Rhodes and unlade the grain there. And as a proof of this he states that he chartered ships from Rhodes and shipped some of his goods to Athens. This is one part of his defence, and here is another.
[22] φησὶ γὰρ ἑτέρους τινὰς δανειστὰς συγκεχωρηκέναι αὑτῷ τοὺς τόκους τοὺς εἰς Ῥόδον: δεινὸν οὖν, εἰ ἡμεῖς μὴ συγχωρήσομεν ταὐτὰ ἐκείνοις. τρίτον πρὸς τούτοις τὴν συγγραφὴν κελεύειν φησὶν αὑτὸν σωθείσης τῆς νεὼς ἀποδοῦναι τὰ χρήματα, τὴν δὲ ναῦν οὐ σεσῷσθαι εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ. πρὸς ἕκαστον δὴ τούτων, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀκούσατε ἃ λέγομεν δίκαια.
[22] He claims that some other creditors of his have agreed to accept from him interest as far as Rhodes, and that it would be hard indeed if we should not make the same concession that they have made. And thirdly, besides all this, he declares that the agreement requires him to pay the money if the ship arrives safely, but that the ship has not arrived safely in the Peiraeus. To each of these arguments, men of the jury, hear the just answer that we make.
[23] πρῶτον μὲν τὸ ῥαγῆναι τὴν ναῦν ὅταν λέγῃ, οἶμαι πᾶσιν ὑμῖν φανερὸν εἶναι ὅτι ψεύδεται. εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο συνέβη παθεῖν τῇ νηί, οὔτ᾽ ἂν εἰς τὴν Ῥόδον ἐσώθη οὔτ᾽ ἂν ὕστερον πλόϊμος ἦν. νῦν δὲ φαίνεται εἰς τὴν Ῥόδον σωθεῖσα καὶ πάλιν ἐκεῖθεν ἀποσταλεῖσα εἰς Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἔτι καὶ νῦν πλέουσα πανταχόσε, πλὴν οὐκ εἰς Ἀθήνας. καίτοι πῶς οὐκ ἄτοπον, ὅταν μὲν εἰς τὸ Ἀθηναίων ἐμπόριον δεήσῃ κατάγειν τὴν ναῦν, ῥαγῆναι φάσκειν, ὅταν δὲ εἰς τὴν Ῥόδον τὸν σῖτον ἐξελέσθαι, τηνικαῦτα δὲ πλόϊμον οὖσαν φαίνεσθαι τὴν αὐτὴν ναῦν;
[23] In the first place, when he says that the ship was disabled, I think it is plain to you all that he is lying. For if his ship had met with this mishap, she would neither have got safely to Rhodes nor have been fit for sailing afterwards. But in fact it is plain that she did get safe to Rhodes and was sent back from thence to Egypt, and that at the present time she is still sailing everywhere except to Athens. And yet is it not outrageous that, when he has to bring his ship back to the port of Athens, he says she was disabled, but when he wants to unlade his grain at Rhodes, then that same ship is seen to be seaworthy?
[24] διὰ τί οὖν, φησίν, ἐμισθωσάμην ἕτερα πλοῖα καὶ μετεξειλόμην τὸν γόμον καὶ δεῦρ᾽ ἀπέστειλα; ὅτι, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, οὐ τῶν ἁπάντων ἀγωγίμων οὔθ᾽ οὗτος ἦν κύριος οὔθ᾽ ὁ κοινωνὸς αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ᾽ οἱ ἐπιβάται τὰ ἑαυτῶν χρήματα ἀπέστελλον οἶμαι δεῦρο ἐν ἑτέροις πλοίοις ἐξ ἀνάγκης, ἐπειδὴ προκατέλυσαν οὗτοι τ
ὸν πλοῦν: ὧν μέντοι αὐτοὶ ἦσαν κύριοι, οὐδὲ ταῦτα ἀπέστελλον πάντα δεῦρο, ἀλλ᾽ ἐκλεγόμενοι τίνων αἱ τιμαὶ ἐπετέταντο.
[24] Why, then, he says, did I charter other ships and tranship my cargo and despatch it here to Athens? Because, men of Athens, neither the defendant nor his partner was owner of the entire cargo, but, I fancy, the supercargoes who were on board despatched their own goods hither, in other bottoms necessarily, seeing that these men had cut short the voyage before the ship reached her destination. As for the goods, however, which were their own, they did not ship these in their entirety to Athens, but sought out what ones had advanced in price.
[25] ἐπεὶ τί δήποτε μισθούμενοι ἕτερα πλοῖα, ὥς φατε, οὐχ ἅπαντα τὸν γόμον τῆς νεὼς μετενέθεσθε, ἀλλὰ τὸν σῖτον αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ Ῥόδῳ κατελίπετε; ὅτι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τοῦτον μὲν συνέφερεν αὐτοῖς ἐκεῖσε πωλεῖν （τὰς γὰρ τιμὰς τὰς ἐνθάδε ἀνεικέναι ἤκουον）: τὰ δ᾽ ἄλλ᾽ ἀγώγιμα ὡς ὑμᾶς ἀπέστελλον, ἀφ᾽ ὧν κερδανεῖν ἤλπιζον. ὥστε τὴν μίσθωσιν τῶν πλοίων ὅταν λέγῃς, οὐ τοῦ ῥαγῆναι τὴν ναῦν τεκμήριον λέγεις, ἀλλὰ τοῦ συμφέροντος ὑμῖν.