by Demosthenes
[25] For why, pray, was it that, when you had hired other bottoms, as you say, you did not tranship the entire cargo of your vessel, but left the grain there in Rhodes? Because, men of the jury, it was to their interest to sell the grain in Rhodes; for they heard that the price had fallen here in Athens, but they shipped to you the other goods, from which they hoped to make a profit. When, then, Dionysodorus, you talk about the chartering of the vessels, you give proof, not that your ship was disabled, but that it was to your advantage to do so.
[26] περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων ἱκανά μοι τὰ εἰρημένα: περὶ δὲ τῶν δανειστῶν, οὕς φασι συγκεχωρηκέναι λαβεῖν παρ᾽ αὑτῶν τοὺς εἰς Ῥόδον τόκους, ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν πρὸς ἡμᾶς τοῦτο. εἰ γάρ τις ὑμῖν ἀφῆκέν τι τῶν αὑτοῦ, οὐδὲν ἀδικεῖται οὔθ᾽ ὁ δοὺς οὔθ᾽ ὁ πείσας: ἀλλ᾽ ἡμεῖς οὔτ᾽ ἀφείκαμέν σοι οὐδὲν οὔτε συγκεχωρήκαμεν τῷ πλῷ τῷ εἰς Ῥόδον, οὐδ᾽ ἐστὶν ἡμῖν οὐδὲν κυριώτερον τῆς συγγραφῆς.
[26] Concerning these matters, then, what I have said is sufficient, but in regard to the creditors, who, they say, consented to accept from them the interest as far as Rhodes, this has nothing to do with us. If any man has remitted to you any part of what was due him, no wrong is suffered by either party to the arrangement. But we have not remitted anything to you, nor have we consented to your voyage to Rhodes, nor in our judgement is anything more binding than the agreement.
[27] αὕτη δὲ τί λέγει καὶ ποῖ προστάττει τὸν πλοῦν ποιεῖσθαι; Ἀθήνηθεν εἰς Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου εἰς Ἀθήνας: εἰ δὲ μή, ἀποτίνειν κελεύει διπλάσια τὰ χρήματα. ταῦτα εἰ μὲν πεποίηκας, οὐδὲν ἀδικεῖς, εἰ δὲ μὴ πεποίηκας μηδὲ κατακεκόμικας τὴν ναῦν Ἀθήναζε, προσήκει σε ζημιοῦσθαι τῷ ἐπιτιμίῳ τῷ ἐκ τῆς συγγραφῆς: τοῦτο γὰρ τὸ δίκαιον οὐκ ἄλλος οὐδείς, ἀλλ᾽ αὐτὸς σὺ σαυτῷ ὥρισας. δεῖξον οὖν τοῖς δικασταῖς δυοῖν θάτερον, ἢ τὴν συγγραφήν, ὡς οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν κυρία, ἢ ὡς οὐ δίκαιος εἶ πάντα κατὰ ταύτην πράττειν.
[27] Now what does the agreement say, and to what port does it require you to sail? From Athens to Egypt and from Egypt to Athens; and in default of your so doing, it requires you to pay double the amount. If you have done this, you have committed no wrong; but if you have not done it, and have not brought your ship back to Athens, it is proper that you should suffer the penalty provided by the agreement; for this requirement was imposed upon you, not by some other person, but by yourself. Show, then, to the jury one or the other of two things — that our agreement is not valid, or that you are not required to do everything in accordance with it.
[28] εἰ δέ τινες ἀφείκασίν τί σοι καὶ συγκεχωρήκασιν τοὺς εἰς Ῥόδον τόκους ὁτῳδήποτε τρόπῳ πεισθέντες, διὰ ταῦτα οὐδὲν ἀδικεῖς ἡμᾶς, οὓς παρασυγγεγράφηκας εἰς Ῥόδον καταγαγὼν τὴν ναῦν; οὐκ οἴομαί γε: οὐ γὰρ τὰ ὑφ᾽ ἑτέρων συγκεχωρημένα δικάζουσιν οὗτοι νῦν, ἀλλὰ τὰ ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ σοῦ πρὸς ἡμᾶς συγγεγραμμένα. ἐπεὶ ὅτι γε καὶ τὸ περὶ τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν τόκων, εἰ ἄρα γέγονεν ὡς οὗτοι λέγουσιν, μετὰ τοῦ συμφέροντος τοῦ τῶν δανειστῶν γέγονε, πᾶσιν ὑμῖν φανερόν ἐστιν.
[28] If certain people have remitted anything in your favor, and have been induced on one ground or another to accept interest only as far as Rhodes, does it follow that you are doing no wrong to us, your agreement with whom you have broken in having your ship put into Rhodes? I do not think so. For this jury is not now deciding upon concessions made to you by others, but upon an agreement entered into by you yourself with us. For that the remission of the interest, supposing that it actually took place, as these men allege, was to the advantage of the creditors, is plain to every one of you.
[29] οἱ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς Αἰγύπτου δανείσαντες τούτοις ἑτερόπλουν τἀργύριον εἰς Ἀθήνας, ὡς ἀφίκοντο εἰς τὴν Ῥόδον καὶ τὴν ναῦν ἐκεῖσε οὗτοι κατεκόμισαν, οὐδὲν οἶμαι διέφερεν αὐτοῖς ἀφεμένοις τῶν τόκων καὶ κομισαμένοις τὸ δάνειον ἐν τῇ Ῥόδῳ πάλιν ἐνεργὸν ποιεῖν εἰς τὴν Αἴγυπτον, ἀλλ᾽ ἐλυσιτέλει πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοῦτ᾽ ἢ δεῦρ᾽ ἐπαναπλεῖν.
[29] For those who lent their money to these men for the outward voyage from Egypt to Athens, when they reached Rhodes and this man put into that port, suffered no loss, I take it, by remitting the interest and receiving the amount of their loan at Rhodes, and then putting the money to work again for a voyage to Egypt. No; this was more to their advantage than to continue the voyage to this port.
[30] ἐκεῖσε μέν γε ἀεὶ ὡραῖος ὁ πλοῦς, καὶ δὶς ἢ τρὶς ὑπῆρχεν αὐτοῖς ἐργάσασθαι τῷ αὐτῷ ἀργυρίῳ: ἐνταῦθα δ᾽ ἐπιδημήσαντας παραχειμάζειν ἔδει καὶ περιμένειν τὴν ὡραίαν. ὥστ᾽ ἐκεῖνοι μὲν οἱ δανεισταὶ προσκεκερδήκασιν καὶ οὐκ ἀφείκασι τούτοις οὐδέν: ἡμῖν δ᾽ οὐχ ὅπως περὶ τοῦ τόκου ὁ λόγος ἐστίν, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ τἀρχαῖα ἀπολαβεῖν δυνάμεθα.
[30] For voyaging from Rhodes to Egypt is uninterrupted, and they could put the same money to work two or three times, whereas here they would have had to pass the winter and to await the season for sailing. These creditors therefore have reaped an additional profit, and have not remitted anything to these men. With us, however, it is not a question of the interest merely, but we are unable to recover even our principal.
[31] μὴ οὖν ἀποδέχεσθε τούτου φενακίζοντος ὑμᾶς καὶ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους δανειστὰς πεπραγμένα παραβάλλοντος, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τὴν συγγραφὴν ἀνάγετ᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ τὰ ἐκ τῆς συγγραφῆς δίκαια. ἔστι γὰρ ἐμοί τε λοιπὸν διδάξαι ὑμᾶς τοῦτο, καὶ οὗτος ἰσχυρίζεται τῷ αὐτῷ τούτῳ, φάσκων τὴν συγγραφὴν κελεύειν σωθείσης τῆς νεὼς ἀποδιδόναι τὸ δάνειον.
[31] Do not, then, listen to him, when he seeks to hoodwink you, and brings before you his transactions with other creditors, but refer him to the agreement and to the rights growing out of it. It remains for me to interpret this matter for you, and the defendant insists upon this very thing, stating that the agreement requires him to repay the loan only if the ship arrives safe. We also maintain that this should be so.
[32] καὶ ἡμεῖς ταῦτα οὕτω φαμὲν δεῖν ἔχειν. ἡδέως δ᾽ ἂν πυθοίμην αὐτοῦ σοῦ, πότερον ὡς ὑπὲρ διεφθαρμένης τῆς νεὼς διαλέγει, ἢ ὡς ὑπὲρ σεσῳσμένης. εἰ μὲν γὰρ διέφθαρται ἡ ναῦς καὶ ἀπόλωλεν, τί περὶ τῶν τόκων διαφέρει καὶ ἀξιοῖς ἡμᾶς κομίζεσθαι τοὺς εἰς Ῥόδον τόκους; οὔτε γὰρ τοὺς τόκους οὔτε τἀρχαῖα προσήκει ἡμᾶς ἀπολαβε�
��ν. εἰ δ᾽ ἐστὶν ἡ ναῦς σῶς καὶ μὴ διέφθαρται, διὰ τί ἡμῖν οὐκ ἀποδίδως τὰ χρήματα ἃ συνεγράψω;
[32] But I should be glad to ask you yourself, Dionysodorus, whether you are speaking of the ship as having been lost, or as having arrived safe. For if the ship has been wrecked and is lost, why do you keep on disputing about the interest and demanding that we accept interest as far as Rhodes? For in that case we have not the right to recover either interest or principal. But if the ship is safe and has not been wrecked, why do you not pay us the money which you agreed to pay?
[33] πόθεν οὖν ἀκριβέστατα ἂν μάθοιτε, ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὅτι σέσῳσται ἡ ναῦς; μάλιστα μὲν ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ εἶναι τὴν ναῦν ἐν πλῷ, οὐχ ἧττον δὲ καὶ ἐξ ὧν αὐτοὶ οὗτοι λέγουσιν. ἀξιοῦσιν γὰρ ἡμᾶς τά τε ἀρχαῖα ἀπολαβεῖν καὶ μέρος τι τῶν τόκων, ὡς σεσῳσμένης μὲν τῆς νεώς, οὐ πεπλευκυίας δὲ πάντα τὸν πλοῦν.
[33] In what way, men of Athens, can you be most convincingly assured that the ship has reached port safe? In the first instance by the mere fact that she is now at sea, and less clearly by the statements made by these men themselves. For they ask us to accept payment of the principal and a certain portion of the interest, thus implying that the ship has reached port safe, but has not completed her entire voyage.
[34] σκοπεῖτε δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πότερον ἡμεῖς τοῖς ἐκ τῆς συγγραφῆς δικαίοις χρώμεθα ἢ οὗτοι, οἳ οὔτε εἰς τὸ συγκείμενον ἐμπόριον πεπλεύκασιν, ἀλλ᾽ εἰς Ῥόδον καὶ Αἴγυπτον, σωθείσης τε τῆς νεὼς καὶ οὐ διεφθαρμένης ἄφεσιν οἴονται δεῖν εὑρίσκεσθαι τῶν τόκων παρασυγγεγραφηκότες, καὶ αὐτοὶ μὲν πολλὰ χρήματα εἰργασμένοι παρὰ τὴν σιτηγίαν τὴν εἰς Ῥόδον, τὰ δ᾽ ἡμέτερα χρήματα ἔχοντες καὶ καρπούμενοι δεύτερον ἔτος τουτί.
[34] Now consider, men of Athens, whether it is we who are abiding by the requirements of the contract, or whether it is these men, who have sailed, not to the port agreed upon, but to Rhodes and Egypt, and who, when the ship has reached port safe and has not been lost, claim to be entitled to an abatement of the interest, although they have broken the agreement, and have themselves made a large profit by the carrying of grain to Rhodes, and by keeping and making use of our money for two years.
[35] καινότατον δ᾽ ἐστὶ πάντων τὸ γιγνόμενον: τὸ μὲν γὰρ δάνειον τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἀποδιδόασιν ἡμῖν ὡς σεσῳσμένης τῆς νεώς, τοὺς τόκους δ᾽ ἀποστερῆσαι οἴονται δεῖν ὡς διεφθαρμένης. καίτοι ἡ συγγραφὴ οὐχ ἕτερα μὲν λέγει περὶ τῶν τόκων, ἕτερα δὲ περὶ τοῦ ἀρχαίου δανείσματος,
[35] What they are doing is indeed an unheard-of thing. They offer to pay us the principal of our loan, thus implying that the ship has reached port safe, but they claim the right to rob us of our interest on the ground that she has been wrecked. The agreement, however, does not say one thing about the interest and another about the principal of the loan, but our rights are the same for both and our means of recovery the same.
[36] ἀλλὰ τὰ δίκαια ταὐτὰ περὶ ἀμφοῖν ἐστιν καὶ ἡ πρᾶξις ἡ αὐτή. ἀνάγνωθι δέ μοι πάλιν τὴν συγγραφήν.”Συγγραφή
... Ἀθήνηθεν εἰς Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου Ἀθήναζε.”
ἀκούετε, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι: ‘Ἀθήνηθεν,’ φησίν, ‘εἰς Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου Ἀθήναζε.’ λέγε τὰ λοιπά.”Συγγραφή
σωθείσης δὲ τῆς νεὼς εἰς Πειραιᾶ ...”
[36] Please read the agreement again.”Agreement
From Athens to Egypt and from Egypt to Athens.”
You hear, men of Athens. It says “From Athens to Egypt and from Egypt to Athens.”
Read the rest.”Agreement
And if the ship arrives safe at Peiraeus . . .”
[37] ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πάνυ ἁπλοῦν ἐστιν διαγνῶναι ὑμῖν ὑπὲρ ταύτης τῆς δίκης, καὶ οὐδὲν δεῖ λόγων πολλῶν. ἡ ναῦς ὅτι μὲν σέσῳσται καὶ ἔστιν σῶς, καὶ παρ᾽ αὐτῶν τούτων ὁμολογεῖται （οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἀπεδίδοσαν τό τε ἀρχαῖον δάνειον καὶ τῶν τόκων μέρος τι）, οὐ κατακεκόμισται δ᾽ εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ. διὰ τοῦτο ἡμεῖς μὲν οἱ δανείσαντες ἀδικεῖσθαί φαμεν, καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτου δικαζόμεθα, ὅτι οὐ κατέπλευσεν εἰς τὸ συγκείμενον ἐμπόριον.
[37] Men of Athens, it is a very simple thing for you to reach a decision in this suit, and there is no need of many words. That the ship has reached port safe, and is safe, is admitted by these men themselves; for otherwise they would not be offering to pay the principal of the loan and a portion of the interest. She has not, however, been brought back to the Peiraeus. It is for this reason that we, the creditors, claim that we have been wronged, and regarding this we are bringing suit, that, namely she did not make the return voyage to the port agreed upon.
[38] Διονυσόδωρος δὲ οὔ φησιν ἀδικεῖν δι᾽ αὐτὸ τοῦτο: οὐ γὰρ δεῖν αὑτὸν ἀποδοῦναι πάντας τοὺς τόκους, ἐπειδὴ ἡ ναῦς οὐ κατέπλευσεν εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ. ἡ δὲ συγγραφὴ τί λέγει; οὐ μὰ Δί᾽ οὐ ταῦτα ἃ σὺ λέγεις, ὦ Διονυσόδωρε: ἀλλ᾽ ἐὰν μὴ ἀποδῷς τὸ δάνειον καὶ τοὺς τόκους ἢ μὴ παράσχῃς τὰ ὑποκείμενα ἐμφανῆ καὶ ἀνέπαφα, ἢ ἄλλο τι παρὰ τὴν συγγραφὴν ποιήσῃς, ἀποτίνειν κελεύει σε διπλάσια τὰ χρήματα. καί μοι λέγε αὐτὸ τοῦτο τῆς συγγραφῆς.”Συγγραφή
ἐὰν δὲ ... μὴ παράσχωσι τὰ ὑποκείμενα ἐμφανῆ καὶ ἀνέπαφα, ἢ ποιήσωσίν τι παρὰ τὴν συγγραφήν, ἀποδιδότωσαν διπλάσια τὰ χρήματα.”
[38] Dionysodorus, however, claims that he is doing no wrong because of this very fact, since he is not bound to pay the interest in its entirety inasmuch as the ship did not complete her voyage to Peiraeus. But what does the agreement say? By Zeus it is not at all what you say, Dionysodorus. No; it declares that if you do not pay both the principal and interest, or if you fail to present the security, plain to see and unimpaired, or if in any other respect you violate the agreement, you are required to pay double the amount.
Read, please, that clause of the agreement.”Statement
And if they shall not produce the security, plain to see and unimpaired, or if in any respect they shall violate the agreement, they shall pay double the amount.”
[39] ἔστιν οὖν ὅποι παρέσχηκας ἐμφανῆ τὴν ναῦν, ἀφ᾽ οὗ τὰ χρήματα ἔλαβες παρ᾽ ἡμῶν, ὁμολογῶν σῶν εἶναι αὐτός; ἢ καταπέπλευκας ἐξ ἐκείνου τοῦ χρόνου εἰς τὸ Ἀθηναίων ἐμπόριον, τῆς συγγραφῆς διαρρήδην λεγούσης εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ κατάγειν τὴν ναῦν καὶ ἐμφανῆ παρέχειν το�
��ς δανείσασιν;
[39] Have you, then, at any place whatever produced the ship plain to see since the time you received the money from us? And yet you yourself admit that she is safe. Or have you ever since that time brought her back to the port of Athens, though the agreement expressly stipulates that you shall bring your ship back to the Peiraeus, and produce her plain to see before the lenders?
[40] καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο, ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι. θεάσασθε τὴν ὑπερβολήν. ἐρράγη ἡ ναῦς, ὥς φησιν οὗτος, καὶ διὰ τοῦτ᾽ εἰς Ῥόδον κατήγαγεν αὐτήν. οὐκοῦν τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο ἐπεσκευάσθη καὶ πλόϊμος ἐγένετο. διὰ τί οὖν, ὦ βέλτιστε, εἰς μὲν τὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ τἄλλα ἐμπόρια ἀπέστελλες αὐτήν, Ἀθήναζε δὲ οὐκ ἀπέσταλκας οὐδέπω καὶ νῦν πρὸς ἡμᾶς τοὺς δανείσαντας, οἷς ἡ συγγραφὴ κελεύει σε ἐμφανῆ καὶ ἀνέπαφον τὴν ναῦν παρέχειν, καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἀξιούντων ἡμῶν καὶ προκαλεσαμένων σε πολλάκις;