by Demosthenes
[6] Consequently I have felt all the more a moved to write this essay, feeling sure I should not fail to secure two most honorable rewards. For when I have described the good qualities you possess, I hope that at one and the same time I shall prove you to be worthy of admiration and myself not senseless if I love you, being what you are; and secondly, in tendering the advice that is most urgently needed I believe I shall present proof of my own goodwill and furnish a basis for our mutual friendship.
[7] καίτοι μ᾽ οὐ λέληθεν ὅτι χαλεπὸν μέν ἐστιν καὶ τὴν σὴν φύσιν ἀξίως τῶν ὑπαρχόντων διελθεῖν, ἔτι δ᾽ ἐπικινδυνότερον τὸ συμβουλεύειν μέλλονθ᾽ αὑτὸν ὑπεύθυνον τῷ πεισθέντι καταστῆσαι. ἀλλὰ νομίζω τοῖς μὲν δικαίως ἐγκωμίων τυγχάνουσιν περιγενέσθαι τῆς τῶν ἐπαινούντων δυνάμεως προσήκειν τῇ τῆς ἀληθείας ὑπερβολῇ, τῆς δὲ συμβουλῆς οὐ διαμαρτήσεσθαι, συνειδὼς ὅτι διὰ μὲν ἀνοήτων καὶ παντελῶς ὑπ᾽ ἀκρασίας διεφθαρμένων οὐδὲ τῶν καθ᾽ ὑπερβολὴν ὀρθῶς βουλευθέντων οὐδὲν ἂν καλῶς ἐξενεχθείη, διὰ δὲ τῶν σωφρόνως καὶ καθαρῶς ζῆν αἱρουμένων οὐδὲ τὰ μετρίως ἐσκεμμένα διαμαρτάνεσθαι πέφυκεν.
[7] And yet it does not escape me that it is difficult to describe your character in keeping with your deserts and that it is more hazardous still to give advice when the adviser is bound to make himself answerable for his advice to the one who accepts it. It is my judgement, however, that, while it becomes the recipients of merited eulogies to baffle by the excess of their real virtue the ability of those who praise them, yet in my counsel I shall not miss the mark, being well aware that no advice could be innocently carried out if proffered by men who are senseless and quite ruined by incontinence, not even if they advise supremely well, but that not even the advice that is only moderately pondered can altogether miss the mark if tendered by men who choose to live pure and self disciplined lives.
[8] τὰς μὲν οὖν ἐλπίδας ἔχων τοιαύτας ἐγχειρῶ τῷ λόγῳ: ἡγοῦμαι δὲ πάντας ἂν ὁμολογῆσαί μοι τοῖς τηλικούτοις μάλιστα κατεπείγειν κάλλος μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς ὄψεως, σωφροσύνην δ᾽ ἐπὶ τῆς ψυχῆς, ἀνδρείαν δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων τούτων, χάριν δ᾽ ἐπὶ τῶν λόγων διατελεῖν ἔχοντας. ὧν τὰ μὲν τῆς φύσεως οὕτω καλῶς ἡ τύχη σοι παραδέδωκεν ὥστε περίβλεπτον καὶ θαυμαζόμενον διατελεῖν, τὰ δ᾽ αὐτὸς παρὰ τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν εἰς τοῦτο προαγαγὼν ἥκεις ὥστε μηδέν᾽ ἄν σοι τῶν εὖ φρονούντων ἐπιτιμῆσαι.
[8] Cherishing such hopes I enter upon my theme. All men would agree with me, I believe, that it is of the utmost importance for young men of your age to possess beauty in respect of person, self-discipline in respect of soul, and manliness in respect of both, and consistently to possess charm in respect of speech. As for these two kinds of qualities, natural and acquired, Fortune has so generously blessed you with nature’s gifts that you consistently enjoy distinction and admiration, and the other kind you are bringing to such perfection through your own diligence that no fair-minded person could have fault to find with you.
[9] καίτοι τί χρὴ τὸν τῶν μεγίστων ἐπαίνων ἄξιον; οὐχ ὑπὸ μὲν τῶν θεῶν ἠγαπημένον φαίνεσθαι, παρὰ δὲ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τὰ μὲν δι᾽ αὑτόν, τὰ δὲ διὰ τὴν τύχην θαυμάζεσθαι; καθ᾽ ὅλου μὲν τοίνυν τῶν ὑπαρχόντων σοι πρὸς ἀρετὴν ἴσως ὕστερον ἁρμόσει τὰ πλείω διελθεῖν: ἃ δ᾽ ἑκάστου τούτων ἐγκώμι᾽ εἰπεῖν ἔχω, ταῦτα δηλῶσαι πειράσομαι μετ᾽ ἀληθείας.
[9] And yet what ought he to possess who is worthy of the highest eulogies? Must he not manifestly be loved by the gods and among men be admired, for some qualities on his own account, for others because of his good fortune? Now the longer list of your virtuous qualities it will perhaps be fitting to describe summarily later on, but the praise I have to utter for each of the gifts of Fortune I shall now try to declare with truthfulness.
[10] ἄρξομαι δὲ πρῶτον ἐπαινεῖν, ὅπερ πρῶτον ἰδοῦσιν ἅπασιν ἔστιν γνῶναί σου, τὸ κάλλος, καὶ τούτου τὸ χρῶμα, δι᾽ οὗ καὶ τὰ μέλη καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα φαίνεται. ᾧ τίν᾽ ἁρμόττουσαν εἰκόν᾽ ἐνέγκω σκοπῶν οὐχ ὁρῶ, ἀλλὰ παρίσταταί μοι δεῖσθαι τῶν ἀναγνόντων τόνδε τὸν λόγον σὲ θεωρῆσαι καὶ ἰδεῖν, ἵνα συγγνώμης τύχω μηδὲν ὅμοιον ἔχων εἰπεῖν.
[10] I shall begin by praising that quality of yours which all who see you will recognize first, your beauty, and the hue of your flesh, by virtue of which your limbs and your whole body are rendered resplendent. Wondering what fitting comparison for this I may offer, I find none, but it is my privilege to request those who read this essay to see you and contemplate you, so that I may be pardoned for declaring that I have no suitable simile.
[11] τῷ γὰρ ἂν εἰκάσειέ τις, ὃ θνητὸν ὂν ἀθάνατον τοῖς ἰδοῦσιν ἐνεργάζεται πόθον, καὶ ὁρώμενον οὐκ ἀποπληροῖ, καὶ μεταστὰν μνημονεύεται, καὶ τὴν τῶν θεῶν ἀξίαν ἐπ᾽ ἀνθρώπου φύσιν ἔχει, πρὸς μὲν τὴν εὐπρέπειαν ἀνθηρόν, πρὸς δὲ τὰς αἰτίας ἀνυπονόητον; ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδὲ ταῦτ᾽ ἔστιν αἰτιάσασθαι πρὸς τὴν σὴν ὄψιν, ἃ πολλοῖς ἄλλοις ἤδη συνέπεσεν τῶν κάλλους μετασχόντων.
[11] For to what could anyone liken something mortal which arouses immortal longing in the beholder, the sight of which does not satiate, and when removed from sight lingers in the memory, which in human form possesses a natural beauty worthy of the gods, like a flower in its comeliness, beyond suspicion of imperfections? Furthermore, it is impossible to impute to your person even those blemishes which in the past have marred many another who has shared in beauty.
[12] ἢ γὰρ δι᾽ ἀρρυθμίαν τοῦ σχήματος ἅπασαν συνετάραξαν τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν εὐπρέπειαν, ἢ δι᾽ ἀτύχημά τι καὶ τὰ καλῶς πεφυκότα συνδιέβαλον αὐτῷ. ὧν οὐδενὶ τὴν σὴν ὄψιν εὕροιμεν ἂν ἔνοχον γεγενημένην: οὕτω γὰρ σφόδρ᾽ ἐφυλάξατο πάσας τὰς τοιαύτας κῆρας ὅστις ποτ᾽ ἦν θεῶν ὁ τῆς σῆς ὄψεως προνοηθείς, ὥστε μηδὲν μέμψεως ἄξιον, τὰ δὲ πλεῖστα περίβλεπτά σου καταστῆσαι.
[12] For either through ungainliness of mien they have ruined all their natural comeliness or through some unfortunate mannerism have involved their natural attractions in the same disfavor. By none of these could we find your person afflicted, for whichever of the gods it was that took forethought for your person has so diligently guarded you against all such mishaps as to leave nothing calling for criticism and to render your general appearance superb.
[13] καὶ μὲν δὴ καὶ τῶν ὁρωμένων ἐπιφανεστάτου μὲν ὄντος τοῦ προσώπου, τούτου δ᾽ αὐτοῦ τῶν ὀμμάτω�
�, ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐν τούτοις ἐπεδείξατο τὴν εὔνοιαν ἣν εἶχεν εἰς σὲ τὸ δαιμόνιον. οὐ γὰρ μόνον πρὸς τὸ τὰ κατεπείγονθ᾽ ὁρᾶν αὐτάρκη παρέσχηται, ἀλλ᾽ ἐνίων οὐδ᾽ ἐκ τῶν πραττομένων γιγνωσκομένης τῆς ἀρετῆς, σοῦ διὰ τῶν τῆς ὄψεως σημείων τὰ κάλλιστα τῶν ἠθῶν ἐνεφάνισεν, πρᾶον μὲν καὶ φιλάνθρωπον τοῖς ὁρῶσιν, μεγαλοπρεπῆ δὲ καὶ σεμνὸν τοῖς ὁμιλοῦσιν, ἀνδρεῖον δὲ καὶ σώφρονα πᾶσιν ἐπιδείξας.
[13] Moreover, since the face is the most conspicuous of the parts that are seen, and of the face itself the eyes, even more in these did the god reveal the goodwill that he had toward you. For he not only furnished you with eyes adequate to perform the necessary functions but, although the virtue of some men is not recognized even from their actions, of your character he has placed in a clear light the fine qualities through the evidence of your glance, displaying it as gentle and kind toward those who look at you, dignified and serious toward those who converse with you, manly and proper to all men.
[14] ὃ καὶ μάλιστ᾽ ἄν τις θαυμάσειεν: τῶν γὰρ ἄλλων ἐπὶ μὲν τῆς πραότητος ταπεινῶν, ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς σεμνότητος αὐθαδῶν ὑπολαμβανομένων, καὶ διὰ μὲν τὴν ἀνδρείαν θρασυτέρων, διὰ δὲ τὴν ἡσυχίαν ἀβελτέρων εἶναι δοκούντων, τοσαύτας ὑπεναντιώσεις πρὸς ἄλληλα λαβοῦσ᾽ ἡ τύχη πρὸς τὸ δέον ἅπανθ᾽ ὁμολογούμεν᾽ ἀπέδωκεν, ὥσπερ εὐχὴν ἐπιτελοῦσ᾽ ἢ παράδειγμα τοῖς ἄλλοις ὑποδεῖξαι βουληθεῖσα, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ θνητήν, ὡς εἴθιστο, φύσιν συνιστᾶσα.
[14] And here is a matter that may be particularly surprising. For while other men are assumed to be mean-spirited because they are gentle and to be arrogant because they are dignified, and are thought overbearing because they are manly, and stupid because they keep quiet, Fortune in your case has taken qualities so mutually contradictory and caused them all to be properly harmonized, as if fulfilling a prayer or wishing to set an example for others, but not framing a mere mortal nature, as was her usual way.
[15] εἰ μὲν οὖν οἷόν τ᾽ ἦν ἐφικέσθαι τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ κάλλους τοῦ σοῦ, ἢ τοῦτ᾽ ἦν μόνον τῶν σῶν ἀξιέπαινον, οὐδὲν ἂν παραλιπεῖν ᾠόμεθα δεῖν ἐπαινοῦντες τῶν προσόντων: νῦν δὲ δέδοικα μὴ πρός τε τὰ λοίπ᾽ ἀπειρηκόσι χρησώμεθα τοῖς ἀκροαταῖς, καὶ περὶ τούτου μάτην τερθρευώμεθα.
[15] Now if it were possible to do justice to such beauty as yours in words, or if this were the only quality of yours worthy of praise, we should think it necessary to omit praise of none of your good points; but as things are, I am afraid that we may find our bearers refusing to hear praise of your other merits and that we may defeat ourselves by harping on this theme.
[16] πῶς γὰρ ἄν τις ὑπερβάλοι τῷ λόγῳ τὴν σὴν ὄψιν, ἧς μηδ᾽ ἃ τέχνῃ πεποίηται τῶν ἔργων τοῖς ἀρίστοις δημιουργοῖς δύναται ὑπερτεῖναι; καὶ θαυμαστὸν οὐδέν: τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἀκίνητον ἔχει τὴν θεωρίαν, ὥστ᾽ ἄδηλ᾽ εἶναι τί ποτ᾽ ἂν ψυχῆς μετασχόντα φανείη, σοῦ δὲ τὸ τῆς γνώμης ἦθος ἐν πᾶσιν οἷς ποιεῖς μεγάλην εὐπρέπειαν ἐπαυξάνει τῷ σώματι. περὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦ κάλλους πολλὰ παραλιπών, τοσαῦτ᾽ ἐπαινέσαι ἔχω.
[16] For how could anyone overdo the verbal description of your appearance, since not even works of art executed by the skill of the best masters could do more than justice to it? Nor is this astonishing; for works of art have a motionless aspect, so that it is uncertain what they would look like if they possessed life, but your personality enhances in your every action the superb comeliness of your body. Only this much, therefore, I have to say in praise of your beauty, omitting a great deal.
[17] περὶ δὲ τῆς σωφροσύνης κάλλιστον μὲν τοῦτ᾽ ἔχοιμ᾽ ἂν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι τῆς ἡλικίας τῆς τοιαύτης εὐδιαβόλως ἐχούσης, σοὶ μᾶλλον ἐπαινεῖσθαι συμβέβηκεν. οὐ γὰρ μόνον οὐδὲν ἐξαμαρτάνειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ φρονιμώτερον ἢ κατὰ τὴν ὥραν ζῆν προῄρησαι. καὶ τούτου μέγιστον τεκμήριον ἡ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ὁμιλία: πολλῶν γὰρ ἐντυγχανόντων σοι καὶ παντοδαπὰς φύσεις ἐχόντων, ἔτι δὲ προσαγομένων ἁπάντων ἐπὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν συνηθείας, οὕτω καλῶς προέστης τῶν τοιούτων ὥστε πάντας τὴν πρὸς σὲ φιλίαν ἠγαπηκότας ἔχειν.
[17] As for discreetness of conduct, it is my privilege to pass the finest of compliments, namely, that though such youthfulness readily invites scandal, it has been your lot to be praised instead. For so far from overstepping the mark, you have chosen to live more prudently than is expected of your years. Of this the most convincing evidence is your deportment toward others; for although many make your acquaintance, and reveal characters of every kind and sort, and all seek to entice you into intimacies, you have so managed such people that all are content to feel friendship for you.
[18] ὃ σημεῖον τῶν ἐνδόξως καὶ φιλανθρώπως ζῆν προαιρουμένων ἐστίν. καίτοι τινὲς ηὐδοκίμησαν ἤδη τῶν τε συμβουλευσάντων ὡς οὐ χρὴ τὰς τῶν τυχόντων ὁμιλίας προσδέχεσθαι, καὶ τῶν πεισθέντων τούτοις: ἢ γὰρ πρὸς χάριν ὁμιλοῦντα τοῖς φαύλοις ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι διαβάλλεσθαι παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς, ἢ διευλαβούμενον τὰς τοιαύτας ἐπιπλήξεις ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων δυσχεραίνεσθαι συμπίπτειν.
[18] This is an index of those whose choice it is to live in the esteem and affection of men. And yet some men in the past have been well thought of who have advised against welcoming the company of all comers, as is also true of some who have taken their advice. For they claim that it is necessary either to humor low-minded people and so be maligned among the multitude, or else to be constantly on guard against such reproaches and so incur the dislike of such acquaintances themselves.
[19] ἐγὼ δὲ διὰ τοῦτο καὶ μᾶλλον οἶμαί σε δεῖν ἐγκωμιάζειν, ὅτι τῶν ἄλλων ἕν τι τῶν ἀδυνάτων οἰομένων εἶναι τὸ τοῖς ἁπάντων τρόποις ἀρέσκειν, σὺ τοσοῦτο τούτων διήνεγκας ὥστε τῶν χαλεπῶν καὶ δυσκόλων ἁπάντων περιγεγενῆσθαι, τοῦ μὲν συνεξαμαρτάνειν τισὶν οὐδ᾽ ὑποψίαν ἐνδοὺς τοῖς ἄλλοις, τῆς δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς δυσχερείας τῇ τῶν τρόπων εὐαρμοστίᾳ κρατήσας.
[19] Personally I think you deserve to be eulogized all the more for this reason, that, while the other lads think it one of the impossible things to please men of every type, you have so surpassed these as to have risen superior to all the difficult and troublesome people, allowing the others no reason even for suspecting immoral relations with any and overcoming your annoyance with them by the
adaptability of your manners.
[20] πρὸς τοίνυν τοὺς ἐραστάς, εἰ χρὴ καὶ περὶ τούτων εἰπεῖν, οὕτω καλῶς μοι δοκεῖς καὶ σωφρόνως ὁμιλεῖν, ὥστε τῶν πλείστων οὐδ᾽ ὃν ἂν προέλωνται μετρίως ἐνεγκεῖν δυναμένων, σοὶ πᾶσιν καθ᾽ ὑπερβολὴν ἀρέσκειν συμβέβηκεν. ὃ τῆς σῆς ἀρετῆς σημεῖον ἐναργέστατόν ἐστιν. ὧν μὲν γὰρ δίκαιον καὶ καλόν, οὐδεὶς ἄμοιρος αὐτῶν παρὰ σοῦ καθέστηκεν: ἃ δ᾽ εἰς αἰσχύνην ἥκει, τούτων οὐδ᾽ εἰς ἐλπίδ᾽ οὐδεὶς ἔρχεται: τοσαύτην τοῖς μὲν τῶν βελτίστων ὀρεγομένοις ἐξουσίαν, τοῖς δ᾽ ἀποθρασύνεσθαι βουλομένοις ἀτολμίαν ἡ σὴ σωφροσύνη παρεσκεύακεν.