by Demosthenes
[20] Now touching your admirers, if it is right to speak also of these, you seem to me to deport yourself so admirably and sensibly toward them, that, though most of them cannot be patient even with the object of their preference, you succeed in pleasing them all exceedingly. And this is a most unmistakable proof of your goodness; for not one finds himself disappointed of favors from you which it is just and fair to ask, but no one is permitted even to hope for such liberties as lead to shame. So great is the latitude your discreetness permits to those who have the best intentions; so great is the discouragement it presents to those who would fling off restraint.
[21] ἔτι τοίνυν τῶν πλείστων ἐκ τῆς σιωπῆς, ὅταν ὦσι νέοι, τὴν τῆς σωφροσύνης δόξαν θηρωμένων, σὺ τοσοῦτον τῇ φύσει διενήνοχας, ὥστ᾽ ἐξ ὧν λέγεις καὶ ὁμιλεῖς τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσι μηδὲν ἐλάττω τὴν περὶ σεαυτὸν εὐδοξίαν ἢ διὰ πάντα τὰ λοιπὰ πεποιῆσθαι: τοσαύτη πειθὼ καὶ χάρις καὶ ἐν οἷς σπουδάζεις ἐστί σοι καὶ ἐν οἷς παίζεις. καὶ γὰρ εὐήθης ἀναμαρτήτως καὶ δεινὸς οὐ κακοήθως καὶ φιλάνθρωπος ἐλευθερίως, καὶ τὸ σύνολον τοιοῦτος εἶ, οἷος ἂν ἐξ Ἀρετῆς υἱὸς Ἔρωτι γένοιτο.
[21] Furthermore, while the majority of men, when young, seek a reputation for prudence by keeping silent, you are so superior to them in natural gifts that you gain men’s good opinion of you not less by your speech and demeanor in casual company than by all your other merits; so great is the grace and charm of your words whether in jest or in earnest. For you are ingenuous without doing wrong, clever without being malicious, kindly without sacrifice of independence, and, taking all in all, like a child of Virtue sired by Love.
[22] τὴν τοίνυν ἀνδρείαν （οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῦτ᾽ ἄξιόν ἐστιν παραλιπεῖν, οὐχ ὡς οὐ πολλὴν ἐπίδοσιν ἐχούσης ἔτι τῆς σῆς φύσεως, καὶ τοῦ μέλλοντος χρόνου πλείους ἀφορμὰς παραδώσοντος λόγων τοῖς ἐπαινεῖν σε βουλομένοις, ἀλλ᾽ ὡς καλλίστων ὄντων τῶν μετὰ ταύτης τῆς ἡλικίας ἐπαίνων, ἐν ᾗ τὸ μηδὲν ἐξαμαρτάνειν τοῖς ἄλλοις εὐκτόν ἐστι）, σοῦ δ᾽ ἐπὶ πολλῶν μὲν ἄν τις καὶ ἑτέρων τὴν ἀνδρείαν διέλθοι, μάλιστα δ᾽ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀσκήσεως, ἧς καὶ πλεῖστοι γεγένηνται μάρτυρες.
[22] Turning now to courage — for it will not do to omit this either, not because I would intimate that your character does not still admit of great development nor that the future will fail to furnish richer material for eulogy to those who wish to praise you, but rather that words of praise mean most at your age when to do no wrong is the best hope for other lads — your courage a man might extol on many other grounds but especially because of your training for athletic sports, of which you have a multitude of witnesses.
[23] ἀνάγκη δ᾽ ἴσως πρῶτον εἰπεῖν, ταύτην τὴν ἀγωνίαν ὡς καλῶς προείλου. τὸ γὰρ ὀρθῶς, ὅ τι πρακτέον ἐστίν, νέον ὄντα δοκιμάσαι, καὶ ψυχῆς ἀγαθῆς καὶ γνώμης φρονίμου κοινόν ἐστιν σημεῖον: δι᾽ ὧν οὐδέτερον παραλιπεῖν ἄξιον τὸν τῆς προαιρέσεως ἔπαινον. συνειδὼς τοίνυν τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἀθλημάτων καὶ δούλους καὶ ξένους μετέχοντας, τοῦ δ᾽ ἀποβαίνειν μόνοις μὲν τοῖς πολίταις ἐξουσίαν οὖσαν, ἐφιεμένους δὲ τοὺς βελτίστους, οὕτως ἐπὶ τοῦτον τὸν ἀγῶν᾽ ὥρμησας.
[23] And perhaps it is in place first to say that you have done well in choosing this kind of contest. For to judge rightly when one is young what line of action one should pursue is the token of an honest soul and of sound judgement alike, and on neither ground would it be right to omit praise of your choice.
You, therefore, being well aware that slaves and aliens share in the other sports but that dismounting is open only to citizens and that the best men aspire it, have eagerly applied yourself to this sport.
[24] ἔτι δὲ κρίνων τοὺς μὲν τὰ δρομικὰ γυμναζομένους οὐδὲν πρὸς ἀνδρείαν οὐδ᾽ εὐψυχίαν ἐπιδιδόναι, τοὺς δὲ τὴν πυγμὴν καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτ᾽ ἀσκήσαντας πρὸς τῷ σώματι καὶ τὴν γνώμην διαφθείρεσθαι, τὸ σεμνότατον καὶ κάλλιστον τῶν ἀγωνισμάτων καὶ μάλιστα πρὸς τὴν σεαυτοῦ φύσιν ἁρμόττον ἐξελέξω, τῇ μὲν συνηθείᾳ τῶν ὅπλων καὶ τῇ τῶν δρόμων φιλοπονίᾳ τοῖς ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ συμβαίνουσιν ὡμοιωμένον, τῇ δὲ μεγαλοπρεπείᾳ καὶ τῇ σεμνότητι τῆς παρασκευῆς πρὸς τὴν τῶν θεῶν δύναμιν εἰκασμένον,
[24] Discerning, moreover, that those who train for the footraces add nothing to their courage nor to their morale either, and that those who practice boxing and the like ruin their minds as well as their bodies, you have singled out the noblest and grandest of competitive exercises and the one most in harmony with your natural gifts, one which approximates to the realities of warfare through the habituation to martial weapons and the laborious effort of running, in the magnificence and majesty of the equipment simulates the might of the gods,
[25] πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἡδίστην μὲν θέαν ἔχον, ἐκ πλείστων δὲ καὶ παντο- δαπῶν συγκείμενον, μεγίστων δ᾽ ἄθλων ἠξιωμένον: πρὸς γὰρ τοῖς τιθεμένοις τὸ γυμνασθῆναι καὶ μελετῆσαι τοιαῦτ᾽ οὐ μικρὸν ἆθλον προφανήσεται τοῖς καὶ μετρίως ἀρετῆς ἐφιεμένοις. τεκμήριον δὲ μέγιστον ἄν τις ποιήσαιτο τὴν Ὁμήρου ποίησιν, ἐν ᾗ καὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας καὶ τοὺς βαρβάρους μετὰ τοιαύτης παρασκευῆς πολεμήσαντας πεποίηκεν ἀλλήλοις: ἔτι δὲ καὶ νῦν τῶν πόλεων τῶν Ἑλληνίδων οὐ ταῖς ταπεινοτάταις, ἀλλὰ ταῖς μεγίσταις ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι χρῆσθαι σύνηθές ἐστιν.
[25] presents the number and the greatest variety of features and has been deemed worthy of the most valuable prizes. For, apart from those offered, getting the drill and practice in such exercises itself will possess glamor as no paltry prize in the eyes of those who are even moderately ambitious for excellence. The best evidence for this may be found in the poetry of Homer, in which he represents the Greeks and barbarians warring against one another with this equipment. I may add that even now it is customary to employ it in contests in Greek cities, and not in the meanest cities but in the greatest.
[26] ἡ μὲν οὖν προαίρεσις οὕτω καλὴ καὶ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἠγαπημένη: νομίζων δ᾽ οὐδὲν εἶναι προὔργου τῶν σπουδαιοτάτων ἐπιθυμεῖν οὐδὲ καλῶς πρὸς ἅπαντα πεφυκέναι τὸ σῶμα μὴ τῆς ψυχῆς φιλοτίμως παρεσκευασμένης, τὴν μὲν φιλοπονίαν ἐν τοῖς γυμνασίοις εὐθέως ἐπιδειξάμενος οὐδ᾽ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις ἐψεύσω, τὴν δ᾽ ἄλλην ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς σαυτοῦ φύσεως καὶ τὴν τῆς ψυχῆς ἀνδρείαν ἐν
τοῖς ἀγῶσι μάλιστ᾽ ἐνεδείξω.
[26] So admirable is your choice of sport and so approved among all men. Believing also, as you do, that it is futile to desire the things most worth while, or yet to be physically endowed for all sorts of feats, unless the soul has been prepared for an ambitious career, at the very outset you exhibited diligence in the training grounds, nor in the real tests were you disappointing, but you gave extraordinary proof of the distinction of your natural gifts and particularly of the courage of your soul in the games.
[27] περὶ ὧν ὀκνῶ μὲν ἄρξασθαι λέγειν, μὴ λειφθῶ τῷ λόγῳ τῶν τότε γεγενημένων, ὅμως δ᾽ οὐ παραλείψω: καὶ γὰρ αἰσχρὸν ἃ θεωροῦντας ἡμᾶς εὐφραίνει, ταῦτ᾽ ἀπαγγεῖλαι μὴ ‘θέλειν. ἅπαντας μὲν οὖν εἰ διεξιοίην τοὺς ἀγῶνας, ἴσως ἂν ἄκαιρον μῆκος ἡμῖν ἐπιγένοιτο τῷ λόγῳ: ἑνὸς δέ, ἐν ᾧ πολὺ διήνεγκας, μνησθεὶς ταὐτά τε δηλώσω καὶ τῇ τῶν ἀκουόντων δυνάμει συμμετρώτερον φανήσομαι χρώμενος.
[27] I hesitate to begin treating this topic for fear words may fail me in the description of what took place on that occasion, but nevertheless I shall not pass it over; for it is a shame to refuse a report of what enthralls us as spectators.
Were I to describe all the contests an unseemly length would perhaps accrue to this essay, but by recalling a single example in which you especially distinguished yourself I shall demonstrate the same truth and be found to make a more reasonable use of the patience of my hearers.
[28] τῶν γὰρ ζευγῶν ἀφεθέντων, καὶ τῶν μὲν προορμησάντων, τῶν δ᾽ ὑφηνιοχουμένων, ἀμφοτέρων περιγενόμενος ὡς ἑκατέρων προσῆκε, τὴν νίκην ἔλαβες, τοιούτου στεφάνου τυχὼν ἐφ᾽ ᾧ, καίπερ καλοῦ τοῦ νικᾶν ὄντος, κάλλιον ἐδόκει καὶ παραλογώτερον εἶναι τὸ σωθῆναι. φερομένου γὰρ ἐναντίου μέν σοι τοῦ τῶν ἀντι- πάλων ἅρματος, ἁπάντων δ᾽ ἀνυπόστατον οἰομένων εἶναι τὴν τῶν ἵππων δύναμιν, ὁρῶν αὐτῶν ἐνίους καὶ μηδενὸς δεινοῦ παρόντος ὑπερηγωνιακότας, οὐχ ὅπως ἐξεπλάγης ἢ κατεδειλίασας, ἀλλὰ τῇ μὲν ἀνδρείᾳ καὶ τῆς τοῦ ζεύγους ὁρμῆς κρείττων ἐγένου, τῷ δὲ τάχει καὶ τοὺς διηυτυχηκότας τῶν ἀνταγωνιστῶν παρῆλθες.
[28] When the teams had been started and some had leaped to the fore and some were being reined in, you, prevailing over both, first one and then the other, in proper style, seized the victory, winning that envied crown in such fashion that, glorious as it was to win it, it seemed the more glorious and astounding that you came off safely. For when the chariot of your opponents was bearing down upon you head-on and all thought the momentum of your horses beyond checking, you, aware that some drivers, though no danger should threaten, become overanxious for their own safety, not only did not lose your head or your nerve, but by your courage got control of the impetus of your team and by your speed passed even those contenders whose luck had suffered no setback.
[29] καὶ γάρ τοι τοσοῦτον μετήλλαξας τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὰς διανοίας ὥστε πολλῶν θρυλούντων ὡς ἐν τοῖς ἱππικοῖς ἀγῶσιν ἡδίστην θέαν παρέχεται τὰ ναυαγοῦντα, καὶ δοκούντων ἀληθῆ ταῦτα λέγειν, ἐπὶ σοῦ τοὐναντίον τοὺς θεατὰς φοβεῖσθαι πάντας μή τι συμπέσῃ τοιοῦτον περὶ σέ: τοσαύτην εὔνοιαν καὶ φιλοτιμίαν ἡ σὴ φύσις αὐτοῖς παρέσχεν.
[29] What is more, you caused such a revolution in men’s minds that, though many keep insisting that nothing in equestrian contests affords such delight as a crash, and seem to speak the truth, in your case all the spectators, on the contrary, were afraid that some such accident might befall you. Such goodwill and eagerness for your success did your personality awaken in them.
[30] εἰκότως: καλὸν μὲν γὰρ καὶ τὸ καθ᾽ ἕν τι περίβλεπτον γενέσθαι, πολὺ δὲ κάλλιον τὸ πάντα περιλαβεῖν ἐφ᾽ οἷς ἄν τις νοῦν ἔχων φιλοτιμηθείη. δῆλον δ᾽ ἐκεῖθεν: εὑρήσομεν γὰρ Αἰακὸν μὲν καὶ Ῥαδάμανθυν διὰ σωφροσύνην, Ἡρακλέα δὲ καὶ Κάστορα καὶ Πολυδεύκην δι᾽ ἀνδρείαν, Γανυμήδην δὲ καὶ Ἄδωνιν καὶ ἄλλους τοιούτους διὰ κάλλος ὑπὸ θεῶν ἀγαπηθέντας. ὥστ᾽ ἔγωγ᾽ οὐ θαυμάζω τῶν ἐπιθυμούντων τῆς σῆς φιλίας, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὴ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον διακειμένων: ὅπου γὰρ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου τῶν προειρημένων μετασχόντες τινὲς τῆς τῶν θεῶν ὁμιλίας ἠξιώθησαν, ἦ που τοῦ γ᾽ ἁπάντων κυρίου καταστάντος εὐκτὸν θνητῷ φύντι φίλον γενέσθαι.
[30] They had good reason to feel so, for while it is a splendid thing to become distinguished for some one excellence, it is still more splendid to combine all the qualities of which a man of sense might justly feel proud. From the following examples this will be clear: we shall find that Aeacus and Rhadamanthys were beloved by the gods for their discretion, Heracles, Castor and Pollux for their courage, and Ganymedes, Adonis, and others like them for their beauty, so that I at any rate am not astonished at those who covet your friendship but at those who are not so disposed. For when some, through sharing in one or another of the qualities I have mentioned, have been deemed worthy of the company of the gods, surely to a mere mortal it is the heights of desire to become the friend of one who has become the proud possessor of all good qualities.
[31] δίκαιον μὲν οὖν καὶ πατέρα καὶ μητέρα καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους οἰκείους τοὺς σοὺς ζηλοῦσθαι, τοσοῦτον ὑπερέχοντος σοῦ τῶν ἡλικιωτῶν ἀρετῇ, πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον οὓς σὺ ὁ τῶν τηλικούτων ἀγαθῶν ἠξιωμένος σαυτοῦ προκρίνας ἀξίους εἶναι φίλους ἐξ ἁπάντων αἱρεῖ. τοὺς μὲν γὰρ ἡ τύχη σοι μετόχους κατέστησεν, τοὺς δ᾽ ἡ σφετέρα καλοκἀγαθία προσσυνέστησεν:
[31] Certainly your father and mother and the rest of your kinsmen are rightly envied because you so far surpass those of your own age in excellence, but still more enviable are those whom you, who have been deemed worthy of such blessings, select from the whole number to be your friends, judging them worthy of your companionship. And since Fortune has appointed the former to share your affection, but the latter their own fine qualities have recommended in addition,
[32] οὓς οὐκ οἶδα πότερον ἐραστὰς ἢ μόνους ὀρθῶς γιγνώσκοντας προσαγορεῦσαι χρή. δοκεῖ γάρ μοι καὶ κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς ἡ τύχη, τῶν μὲν φαύλων καταφρονοῦσα, τὰς δὲ τῶν σπουδαίων ἀνδρῶν διανοίας ἐρεθίσαι βουληθεῖσα, τὴν σὴν φύσιν οὐ πρὸς ἡδονὴν ἐξαπατηθῆναι καλὴν ποιῆσαι, ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἀρετὴν εὐδαιμονῆσαι χρήσιμον.
[32] I do not know whether to call these young men admirers or unique for their sound judgement. For, as I think, Fortune, scorning base men and wishing to arouse the minds of
the good, at the very outset made your nature beautiful, not for a life of pleasure, to be beguiled thereto, but serviceable for a virtuous life, to have happiness therein.
[33] πολλὰ δ᾽ ἔχων ἔτι περὶ σοῦ διελθεῖν, αὐτοῦ καταλύσειν μοι δοκῶ τὸν ἔπαινον, δεδιὼς μὴ καθ᾽ ὑπερβολὴν τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως ὑπὲρ σοῦ διαλέγεσθαι δόξω: τοσοῦτον γὰρ ὡς ἔοικεν ἡ τῶν λόγων δύναμις ἔλαττον ἔχει τῆς ὄψεως, ὥστε τοῖς μὲν ὁρατοῖς οὐδεὶς ἀπιστεῖν ἀξιοῖ, τοὺς δὲ τούτων ἐπαίνους οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἐλλείπωσιν ἀληθεῖς εἶναι νομίζουσιν.
[33] Although I have still much to say in praise of you, I think I shall cease my eulogy at this point, fearing that I may seem to plead your cause in terms exceeding human limitations. For so far, as it seems, does the power of words fall short of that of vision that, while none would think of mistrusting the evidence of his eyes, people think the praise of things men say they have seen, even if it falls short of the truth, to be incredible.
[34] παυσάμενος οὖν περὶ τούτων, ἤδη πειράσομαί σοι συμβουλεύειν ἐξ ὧν ἐντιμότερον ἔτι τὸν σαυτοῦ βίον καταστήσεις. βουλοίμην δ᾽ ἄν σε μὴ πάρεργον ποιήσασθαι τὸ προσέχειν τὸν νοῦν τοῖς μέλλουσιν ῥηθήσεσθαι, μηδ᾽ ὑπολαμβάνειν τοῦθ᾽, ὡς ἄρ᾽ ἐγὼ τούτοις κέχρημαι τοῖς λόγοις οὐ τῆς σῆς ὠφελίας ἕνεκα, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιδείξεως ἐπιθυμῶν, ἵνα μήτε διαμάρτῃς τῆς ἀληθείας, μήτ᾽ ἀντὶ τῶν βελτίστων τὰ τυχόνθ᾽ ἑλόμενος χεῖρον περὶ σαυτοῦ βουλεύσῃ.