161. ABC, “New Air Force spy drones to monitor South China Sea, fleet of six planes to cost $7bn,” 26 June 2018.
162. Government of New Zealand, Strategic Defence Policy Statement 2018 (2018).
163. Rod McGurk and Nick Perry, “Pacific nations plan new security pact as Chinese aid grows,” Associated Press, 6 July 2018.
164. A reduction of the French force by a third was eventually agreed: La Croix, “La France réduit ses effectifs sur sa base de Djibouti,” 27 July 2015.
165. Middle East Monitor, “Djibouti welcomes Saudi Arabia plan to build a military base,” 28 November 2017,
166. Michel Oduor, “Erdoğan opens largest Turkish embassy during visit to Somalia,” 4 June 2016.
167. Horn Observer, “Turkey Government to Construct a Modern Military Training Base for Somali Army,” 18 February 2018.
168. Japan Times, “Japan to expand SDF base in tiny but strategically important Djibouti,” 19 November 2017.
169. Stratfor, “The UAE joins an exclusive club,” 8 December 2016.
170. Adel Abdul Rahim and Ahmed Yusuf, “Sudan, Qatar ink $4B deal to develop Suakin seaport,” 26 March 2018.
171. Qaran News, “Russia offers to build military base in Zeila in exchange for Somaliland recognition,” 2 April 2018.
172. Katrina Manson, “Jostling for Djibouti,” Financial Times, 1 April 2016.
173. United States Africa Command, Transcript, “Gen. Thomas D. Waldhauser at HASC Hearing on National Security Challenges and US Military Activities in Africa; US Africa Commander’s 2018 Posture testimony to the House Armed Services Committee,” 6 March 2018.
174. Simeon Kerr and John Aglionby, “DP World accuses Djibouti of illegally seizing container terminal,” Financial Times, 23 February 2018; IMF, “Djibouti. Staff Report for the 2016 Article IV Consultation—Debt Sustainability Analysis,” 6 February 2017.
175. For the purpose of the base, see Wang Xu, “Beijing confirms military support facilities in Djibouti,” China Daily, 27 November 2015; for construction, see Stratfor, “Looking Over China’s Latest Great Wall,” 27 June 2017.
176. Dennis J. Blasko, “The 2015 Chinese Defense White Paper on Strategy in Perspective: Maritime Missions Require a Change in the PLA Mindset,” China Brief 15(12), 19 June 2015.
177. Yang Sheng, “More support bases to be built to assist PLA Navy: analyst,” Global Times, 12 February 2012.
178. World Bank, “The World Bank in Sao Tome and Principe. Overview,” 8 April 2016.
179. Visão, “Empresa chinese vai construer porto de águas profundas em Sāo Tomé e Príncipe,” 13 October 2015.
180. Xinhua, “Chinese FM meets São Tomé and Prìncipe counterpart,” 17 January 2018.
181. Leng Shumei, “São Tomé and Prìncipe breaks ties with Taiwan,” Global Times, 21 December 2016.
182. Panamá América, “Empresa China invertirá $900 millones en Colón,” 23 May 2016.
183. BBC News, “Panama cuts ties with Taiwan in favour of China,” 13 June 2017.
184. CDN, “Gobierno RD rompe relaciones diplomáticas con Taiwan y establece relaciones con China,” 30 April 2018.
185. Xinhua, “El Salvador establishes diplomatic ties with China,” 21 August 2018.
186. Bollettino Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, “Comunicato circa la firma di un Accordo Provvisorio tra la Santa Sede e la Repubblica Popolare Cinese sulla nomina dei Vescovi,” 22 September 2018; Focus Taiwan, “Vatican-China accord unlikely to be political: ROC ambassador,” 18 September 2018.
187. The Economist, “Donald Trump’s phone call with Taiwan’s president spreads alarm,” 3 December 2016.
188. Jeff Mason, Stephen J. Adler and Steve Holland, “Exclusive: Trump spurns Taiwan president’s suggestion of another phone call,” Reuters, 28 April 2017.
189. White House, “Statement from the Press Secretary on China’s Political Correctness,” 5 May 2018.
190. David Bandurski, “Yan Xuetong on the bipolar state of our world,” China Media Project, 26 June 2018.
191. Ibid.
192. State Department, “US Chiefs of Mission to the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, and Panama Called Back for Consultations,” 7 September 2018.
193. White House, “Statement from the Press Secretary on El Salvador,” 23 August 2018.
194. Office of Senator Marco Rubio, “Rubio, Gardner, Colleagues Introduce Legislation Requiring US Strategy to Help Strengthen Taiwan’s Diplomatic Standing,” 5 September 2018.
195. United States Trade Representative, 2017 Report to Congress on China’s WTO Compliance, January 2018.
196. Commission on the Theft of American Intellectual Property, “Update to the IP Commission Report. The Theft of American Intellectual Property: Reassessments of the Challenge and United States Policy,” February 2017.
197. Robert Sutter, “China-Russia Relations. Strategic Implications and US Policy Options,” National Bureau of Asian Research, September 2018.
198. Department of Defense, “Remarks by Secretary Mattis at the US Naval War College Commencement, Newport, Rhode Island,” 15 June 2018.
199. Department of Defense, “Press Briefing by Pentagon Chief Joint Spokesperson Dana W. White and Joint Staff Director Lt. Gen. Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr. in the Pentagon Briefing Room,” 31 May 2018.
200. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2018, Annual Report to Congress (2018).
201. US Senate, Armed Services Committee, “Advance Policy Questions for Admiral Philip Davidson,” 17 April 2018.
202. Ben Guarino, “The Navy called USS Zumwalt a warship Batman would drive. But at $800,000 per round, its ammo is too pricey to fire,” Washington Post, 8 November 2016.
203. Arthur Dominic Villasanta, “China Says ‘No’ to USS Zumwalt Patrols Off Eastern North Korea near China,” Chinatopix, 7 February 2017.
204. Navy Times, “Navy’s Zumwalt back underway after Panama Canal breakdown,” 1 December 2016.
205. John M. Donnelly, “Zombie Zumwalt: The Ship Program That Never Dies,” Roll Call, 21 May 2018.
206. Christopher Cavas, “China among invitees to major US exercise,” Defense News, 29 May 2017.
207. US Department of Defense, “Remarks by Secretary Mattis at Plenary Session of the 2018 Shangri-La Dialogue,” 2 June 2018.
208. Jiang Shigong, “Philosophy and History: Interpreting the ‘Xi Jinping Era’ through Xi’s Report to the Nineteenth National Congress of the CCP,” translated by David Ownby, Open Times (2018); for a commentary, see David Ownby and Timothy Creek, “Jiang Shigong, On Philosophy and History,” Australian Centre on China in the World, The China Story, 11 May 2018.
209. Jiang Shigong, “Philosophy and History,” op. cit.
THE ROADS TO RIVALRY
1. Ellen Sheng, “The Five Biggest Chinese Investments in the US in 2016,” Forbes, 21 December 2016.
2. Tom Kington, “Mosque-Building Bin Ladens Buy Marble Once Used for Churches,” Daily Beast, 4 August 2014.
3. Michele Nash-Hoff, “Should We Allow the Chinese to Buy Any Company They Want?,” Industry Week, 9 January 2018.
4. Dylan Byers, “Pacific Exclusive: Warner talks tough on big tech,” CNN Tech, Pacific Newsletter, 27 April 2018.
5. Michael LaForgia and Gabriel J. X. Dance, “Facebook Gave Data Access to Chinese Firm Flagged by US Intelligence,” New York Times, 5 June 2018.
6. House of Representatives, Energy and Commerce Committee, Press Release, “Walden and Pallone on Facebook’s Data-Sharing Partnerships with Chinese Companies,” 6 June 2018.
7. Ali Breland, “Facebook reveals data-sharing partnerships, ties to Chinese firms in 700-page document dump,” The Hill, 30 June 2018.
8. Casey Newton, �
��Google’s ambitions for China could trigger a crisis inside the company,” The Verge, 18 August 2018.
9. Kate Conger, “Google Removes ‘Don’t Be Evil’ Clause from Its Code of Conduct,” Gizmodo, 18 May 2018.
10. Ryan Gallagher, “Google Shut Out Privacy and Security Teams from Secret China Project,” The Intercept, 29 November 2018.
11. Colin Lecher, “Google Employees Raise More Than $200,000 in Pledges for Strike Fund,” The Verge, 29 November 2018.
12. Taylor Hatmaker, “VP Pence Calls on Google to End Work on a Search Engine for China,” TechCrunch, 4 October 2018.
13. Good Morning America, Interview, ABC, 3 November 2015.
14. Trump, Staten Island speech, “Trump: I’m So Happy China Is Upset; ‘They Have Waged Economic War Against Us,’ ” Transcript on Real Clear Politics, 17 April 2016.
15. The Economist, “The Economist interviews Donald Trump,” 3 September 2015.
16. B. Milanović, Global Inequality: a new approach for the age of globalization (Cambridge, MA, 2016), p. 20.
17. Woodward, Fear, pp. 272–3.
18. Shawn Donnan, “Is there political method in Donald Trump’s trade madness,” Financial Times, 23 March 2018.
19. Lingling Wei and Yoko Kubota, “Trump Weighs Tariffs on $100 Billion More of Chinese Goods,” Wall Street Journal, 5 April 2018.
20. For the text of the letter to the president, see https://fonteva-customer-media.s3.amazonaws.com/00D61000000dOrPEAU/psDunXQF_RILA%20301%20Letter.pdf.
21. Scott Horsley, “Trump Orders Stiff Tariffs on China, In Hopes Of Cutting Trade Gap by $50 Billion,” NPR, 22 March 2018.
22. BlackRock Investment Institute, Global Investment Outlook Q2 2018 (April 2018).
23. For example, see Ana Swanson, “Trump Proposes Re-joining Trans-Pacific Partnership,” New York Times, 12 April 2018.
24. White House, “Peter Navarro: ‘Donald Trump Is Standing Up For American Interests,’ ” 9 April 2018.
25. Sarah Zheng, “How China hit Donald Trump’s supporters where it hurts as tariffs target Republican Party’s heartlands,” South China Morning Post, 5 April 2018.
26. Steven Lee Myers, “Why China Is Confident It Can Beat Trump in a Trade War,” New York Times, 5 April 2018.
27. Nathaniel Meyersohn, “Walmart is where the trade war comes home,” CNN Money, 19 September 2018.
28. Woodward, Fear, pp. 135–6.
29. Eli Meixler, “President Trump Is ‘Very Thankful’ for Xi Jinping’s Conciliatory Talk on Trade,” Time, 11 April 2018.
30. White House, “Joint Statement of the United States and China Regarding Trade Consultations,” 19 May 2018.
31. David Lawder, “US-China trade row threatens global confidence: IMF’s Lagarde,” Reuters, 19 April 2018.
32. Ashley Parker, Seung Min Kim and Philip Rucker, “Trump chooses impulse over strategy as crises mount,” Washington Post, 12 April 2018.
33. Bob Woodward, Fear.
34. Mark Lander and Ana Swanson, “Chances of China Trade Win Undercut by Trump Team Infighting,” New York Times, 21 May 2018.
35. Jonathan Swan, “Axios Sneak Peek,” Axios.com, 21 October 2018.
36. Gabriel Wildau, “China’s Xi Jinping Hits out at ‘Law of the Jungle’ Trade Policies,” Financial Times, 5 November 2018.
37. White House, Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding the President’s Working Dinner with China, 1 December 2018.
38. Xinhua: Xi, Trump agree to ease trade tensions, maintain close contacts, 3 December 2018.
39. Global shares jump on US-China trade “truce,” BBC News, 3 December 2018.
40. Donald Trump tweet, 3 December 2018.
41. Xinhua: Xi, Trump agree to ease trade tensions, maintain close contacts, 3 December 2018.
42. Demetri Sevastopulo and Tom Mitchell, “US Considered Ban on Student Visas for Chinese Nationals.” Financial Times, 2 October 2018.
43. Ellie Bothwell, “Insuring Against Drop in Chinese Students,” Times Higher Education, 29 November 2018.
44. Annie Karni, “Trump Rants Behind Closed Doors with CEOs,” Politico, 8 August 2018.
45. The National Interest, “The Interview: Henry Kissinger,” 19 August 2015.
46. White House, National Security Strategy of the United States of America (2017).
47. Department of Defense, Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America. Sharpening the American Military’s Competitive Edge (2018).
48. CNN Transcripts, “Intelligence Chiefs Take Questions from Senate Intelligence Committee,” 13 February 2018.
49. Paul Heer, “Understanding the Challenge from China,” The Asan Forum, 3 April 2018; Evan Feigenbaum, “Reluctant Stakeholder: Why China’s Highly Strategic Brand of Revisionism Is More Challenging Than Washington Thinks,” Carnegie Endowment, 27 April 2018.
50. John Micklethwait, Margaret Talev, and Jennifer Jacobs, “Trump threatens to pull US out of WTO if it doesn’t ‘shape up,’ ” Bloomberg, 30 August 2018.
51. BBC News, “US quits UN Human Rights Council,” 20 June 2018.
52. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russian Federation, “Вступительное слово и.о. Министра иностранных дел России С.В.Лаврова в ходе переговоров с Министром иностранных дел Ирана М.Д.Зарифом, Москва, 14 мая 2018 года,” 14 May 2018.
53. Brent D. Griffiths, “Giuliani: Trump is ‘committed to regime change in Iran,’ ” Politico, 5 May 2018.
54. Gardiner Harris, “Pompeo Questions the Value of International Groups like UN and EU,” New York Times, 4 December 2018.
55. James Mattis’s resignation letter in full, BBC News, 20 December 2018.
56. TASS, “Зариф: США, а не Иран играют деструктивную роль в Сирии,” 28 April 2018.
57. PressTV, “Rouhani warns of US unilateralism threat in address to SCO summit,” 10 June 2018.
58. President of Russia, Transcript, “Пленарное заседание Петербургского международного экономического форума,” 25 May, 2018.
59. Chris Giles, “IMF chief warns trade war could rip apart global economy,” Financial Times, 11 April 2018.
60. Donald Trump tweets, 26 July 2018.
61. Samuel Smith, “Mike Pence Spoke With Pastor Andrew Brunson, Threatens Turkey With Sanctions If Not Released,” Christian Post, 26 July 2018.
62. Hürriyet Daily News, “Turkish Lira hits record low after US says reviewing duty-free access,” 6 August 2018.
63. Alyza Sebenius and Toluse Olorunnipa, “Trump calls Turkey a ‘problem,’ says detained pastor isn’t spy,” Bloomberg, 17 August 2018; Maximillian Hess, “Turkish lira casts pall over Caucasus and Central Asia,” Eurasianet, 21 August 2018.
64. Mike Bird, “Sinking Turkish lira, Indian rupee fuel fears of contagion,” Wall Street Journal, 14 August 2018.
65. Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the UN, “Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying’s Regular Press Conference,” 16 July 2018.
66. Francis Elliott, “Trump turns up heat as G7 splits over Russia,” The Times (London), 9 June 2018.
67. Guy Chazan, “Germany to miss NATO defence spending pledge,” Financial Times, 27 April 2018.
68. Paul Taylor, “Trump’s Next Target: NATO,” Politico, 14 June 2018.
69. Stephanie Nebehay, “China, EU lambast United States for miring WTO in crisis,” Reuters, 17 December 2018.
70. Gabrila Galindo, “Trump: EU was ‘set up to take advantage’ of US,” Politico, 28 June 2018.
71. Fox News, “Transcript. President Trump: Supre
me Court nominees will move quickly if I choose right person,” 1 July 2018.
72. Cristina Maza, “Donald Trump threw Starburst candies at Angela Merkel, said ‘Don’t say I never give you anything,’ ” Newsweek, 20 June 2018.
73. Jennifer Hansler, “Merkel responds to Trump: ‘I have witnessed Germany under Soviet control,’ ” 11 July 2018.
74. Spencer Ackerman, “US Officials ‘at a Fucking Loss’ Over Latest Russia Sellout,” 18 July 2018; BBC News, “Trump rejects proposal for Russia to interrogate US citizens,” 19 July 2018.
75. Susan Rice tweet, 18 July 2018.
76. Donald Trump tweet, 10 June 2018.
77. BBC News, “G7 summit: UK PM Theresa May backs Trudeau after Trump attacks,” 11 June 2018.
78. Josh Dawsey, “Trump derides protections for immigrants from ‘shithole’ countries,” Washington Post, 12 January 2018.
79. Daniel Estrin, “New cuts in medical aid to Palestinians by Trump administration,” NPR, 7 September 2018.
80. Ainara Tiefenthäler and Natalie Reneau, “Swastikas, Shields and Flags: Branding Hate in Charlottesville,” 15 August 2017; Allison Kaplan Sommer, “From Swastikas to David Duke; Nazism and anti-Semitism Take Centre Stage at Charlottesville Rally,” Haaretz, 13 August 2017; Washington Post, “Deconstructing the symbols and slogans spotted in Charlottesville,” 18 August 2017.
81. Rosie Grey, “Trump Defends White-Nationalist Protesters: ‘Some Very Fine People on Both Sides,’ ” The Atlantic, 15 August 2017.
82. Sasha Abramsky, “Trump Is Now Openly Supporting Fascists,” The Nation, 30 November 2017.
83. Jeffrey Goldberg, “A Senior White House Official Defined the Trump Doctrine: ‘We’re America, Bitch,’ ” The Atlantic, 11 June 2018.
84. Ibid.
85. Bruce Blair and Jon Wolfsthal, “Trump can launch nuclear weapons whenever he wants, with or without Mattis,” Washington Post, 23 December 2018.
86. David Graham, “James Mattis’ Final Protest against the President,” The Atlantic, 20 December 2018.
87. Bien Perez, “Apple’s China sales grow for second straight quarter on strong iPhone demand,” South China Morning Post, 2 February 2018.
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