Georgia Legion, 62, 66
Germain, George, 22, 95-96, 343, 396n11
Gibraltar, 50, 72, 190, 192, 214, 224, 291-292, 296-301, 305-308
Gillon, Alexander, 251-253, 261, 279, 282
Girty, George, 169, 176
Girty, Simon, 159-164, 169, 176, 180-181
Gist, Mordecai, 108-110, 376n18
Gist, Nathaniel, 80
Glover, John, 284
Gnadenhütten, 150-155, 159, 164
Grand River, 172, 208
Grasse-Briançon, Marquis de, 249
Great Slave Lake, 270
Greene, George Washington, 121
Greene, Nathanael, xvii
African American soldiers and, 78
alarming reports from the backcountry and, 100
Anthony Wayne and, 36, 64-65
attacking British post on Johns Island and, 104
British strategy of conciliation and, 349
Cornwallis’s new, risky strategy and, 11
dealing with small mutinies and, 120-121
death of, 121
early years of, 38-39
eigteenth-century horrors and, 42
enlistments of Continental soldiers and, 23-24
Hannastown and, 165
impressions of, 38
information from spies and, 114-115
Johnson Square monument and, 122
learning of Laurens death and, 110
Leslie’s ceasefire proposal and, 79
Marion’s report to, 94
meeting Francis Marion and, 92-93
mercy as wise military strategy and, 61
methodical terrorism of southern war and, 43
military strategy and, 46
named quartermaster general and, 40
orders to Wayne in georgia and, 67
prisoner exchange and, 113-114
problem with his generals and, 60
relief of Gates and, 92
Rutherford’s treatment of Tories and, 52
southern Whigs and, 323
troops movements in South Carolina and, 80-87
Greenwich Hospital, 224, 243
Greenwood, John, 284
Grey, Thomas de, 207
Grey, Zane, 175, 384n9
Guadeloupe, 216, 226, 239-240, 285
Guiana (Guyana), 229, 245
Guichen, Luc Urbain de, 264-267, 301, 303, 306, 332
Guilford Courthouse, 11-12, 35
Gulf of Alaska, 272
Gulf of Mexico, 190
Hague, 284-285
Haldimand, Frederick, 141-142, 146, 148, 164, 206
Hamilton, Alexander, 83-85, 111-112, 237
Hamilton, Henry, 177
Hamond, Andrew Snape, 275-276, 280
Hancock, 285
Hancock, John, 82
Harrison, Benjamin, 176-179, 184, 385n7
Hartley, David, 3-5, 364n3
Harvard University, 347
Hastings, Warren, 313, 316-319
Hayes, Joseph, 101
Hayes Station, 101
Hearne, Samuel, 269-271
Henderson, William, 80
Henry, Patrick, 168, 174, 177, 190
Hessians, 20, 37, 70-71, 282
Hill, Aaron, 206
Hoboi-Hili-Miko, 206
Hodgson, Robert, 247
Hondo River, 245-246
Hood, Samuel, 223-225, 232, 235-239, 241-243, 249-250, 391n11, 391n22
Horry, Peter, 81, 96-97
Houston, Patrick, 70
Howe, Richard, 304-307
Howe, William, 228, 344
Huddy, Joshua, 352
Hudson River, 66, 137, 255, 348, 351, 357
Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), 269-271
Hudson Strait, 270-271
Huffnagle, Michael, 165
Hughes, Edward, 321-322, 324, 326-338
Hunter, Elizabeth Catherine, 61
Hyder Ally, 279-281, 313
Île de France, 320, 323, 325-328, 331-332, 335
Immaculada Concepcíon de Honduras, 247
Indian Ocean, 268, 336
Iroquois Indians, 128, 130, 134-141, 149-150, 160, 167, 206-208
Irvine, William, 152-156, 158-159, 163-165, 174, 176-177, 179, 205
Jackson, Andrew, 172, 188
Jackson, George, 235
Jackson, James, 62-63, 68-69, 72-73, 122
Jamaica, 72, 75, 77, 110, 116, 119, 140, 194, 201, 213-214, 216, 218-220, 224, 237-238, 243, 246-247, 250-251, 388n13, 388n28
Jamaica Rangers, 77
James Island, 104-105, 117
Jay, John, 3-5, 24, 192, 252
Jefferson, Thomas, 12, 73, 132, 182
Jemy, 64
Jews, 218, 225, 230, 295, 298
Johns Island, 75, 104
Johnson, John, 132, 142-143, 205
Johnson, Lyndon B., xv
Johnson, William, 127-128, 130, 132, 134, 138, 142, 145, 149, 167, 205
Jones, John Paul, 285
Joyner, John, 282, 395n13
Kanonraron, 206
Kayashuta, 165
Kempenfelt, Richard, 265-267, 325, 332
Kickapoos, 197
Kidd, John, 283
King’s American Dragoons, 96, 346
King’s Mountain, 35, 186
Kip’s Bay, 17, 34
Knight, John, 155, 159, 162-164
Knox, Henry, 40, 232
Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, 117-118
Lafayette, Marquis de, 16, 20, 23, 63-64, 67, 82, 84-85, 112, 192, 227
Lake Marion, 103
Lake Nicaragua, 246
Lake Ontario, 35, 135, 138, 140, 142, 147
La Marseillaise, 242
Lángara, Juan Francisco de, 299
Lapérouse, Jean-François de, 268-272
Lapérouse Bay, 272
Last of the Mohicans (Cooper), 168
Laurens, Henry, 81-83, 112, 182
Laurens, John, 18-19, 24, 81-87, 91, 97, 104-106, 108-112, 117, 122, 365n8
Lauzun, 286
Lawrie, James, 247
Lee, Charles, 83, 190
Lee, Henry “Light-Horse Harry”, 81, 89, 104, 106
Lee, Richard Henry, 24
Lee’s Legion, 81
Leeward Islands squadron, 224
Leslie, Alexander
Anthony Wayne and, 118
assumes command in the Southern District and, 32-37
Benjamin Thompson and, 96-97
Black Dragoons regiment and, 77
Craig’s vulnerability to attack and, 105
defensive line at Quarter House and, 47
expense of occupation and, 74
foraging and cattlegrazing for supplies and, 104
Henry Clinton and, 48, 75, 213
Hessian Regiments and, 71
illness and, 75
Indian offensive operations and, 204
Nathanael Greene and, 40, 42-43, 46, 73, 79-80, 88, 106-107, 113-114, 118
organizing an evacuation and, 50, 79, 106-107, 114, 118, 213
prisoner exchanges and, 113-114
privateering and, 261
return to Scotland and, 122-123
sending troops to Jamaica and, 75
slaves and, 76, 78, 115-117
vulnerability of Marion’s force and, 94
Lewis and Clark Expedition, 179
Licking River, 170
Lincoln, Benjamin, 19-21, 54, 83-84, 91-92, 164
Lippincott, Richard, 352
Littlefield, Catharine “Caty”, 39, 44, 121-122
Little Turkey, 206
Long Island, battle of, 34
Lord Byron, 168
Lord Dunmore’s War, 130, 159, 161, 166, 173, 177, 180, 186, 189
Lord North, 344-345, 357
Louis XVI, 231, 242, 244
Loyalists, xvii
Alexander Leslie and, 46, 48, 75-76, 78-79, 114-115, 117
attack by Georgia Whigs and, 69
attack on Fort Henry and, 174
attacking settlements along southern fron
tier and, 182
battle near Monck’s Corner and, 88
battle of the Barges and, 283
chafing under British military rule and, 346
David Fanning and, 56-59
defeat at Kings Mountain and, 185
execution of rebel soldiers and, 45
fleeing the Mohawk Valley and, 138
forced flight to Canada and, 143
Francis Marion and, 98, 103
Georgia Legion and, 62
Griffith Rutherford and, 52
Guy Carleton and, 352-354, 357
hanging of Oliver Toles and, 101
ill treatment of, 36, 58-59, 69, 119-120, 134, 185, 359
Indian raids and, 132-133
James Lawrie and, 247
James Logan Colbert and, 197, 199
John Campbell and, 193
John Laurens and, 110-111
John Turner and, 195
Joseph Brant and, 138
mourning Butler’s death and, 146
new martial player into the Bahamas and, 251
prisoner exchanges and, 113-114, 196
restitution of the Loyalists’ confiscated estates and, 356
revenge killings near Toms River and, 352
slaves and, 358
subjected to “violence and plunder”, 36
taking refuge in Halifax and, 273
Tory privateers and, 262
William Brereton and, 107
William Caldwell and, 166
Wilmington as haven for, 51
Luxembourg Palace, 8
MacMillan, Margaret, xvi
Madras (Chennai), 312-314, 316, 318-322, 326, 328-329, 331, 333, 335-337, 339, 399-400n21
Maham, Hezekiah, 81, 93-94, 96-97, 102
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 237
malaria, 14, 29, 42, 108, 312, 332
Manley, John, 284-286
Marine Anti-Brittanic Society, 251
Marion, Francis, 77, 80-81, 90-98, 102-104, 107, 119, 122, 182, 186, 346, 374-375n9
Maroons, 218
Marquess of Rockingham, 4
Marquis de Bouillé, 225-227, 231, 233, 236, 238, 242, 246, 274
Marshall, John, 45, 207
Marten, Humphrey, 270-271
Martin, Alexander, 184, 186
Martin, Joseph, 187
Martinique, 216, 218-219, 226, 232-233, 237-239, 250, 335, 388n22
Mathews, John, 116-117
Mathieu, Guillaume, 20
McArthur, Archibald, 206
McDonell, John, 147
McDowell, William, 30
McFall’s Mill, 58
McGary, Hugh, 168, 170-172, 179, 188
McGillivray, Alexander, 206
McIntosh, Lachlan, 213
Medea, 337
Micmac Indians, 273
Middleton, Charles, 235, 391n11
Miller, Phineas, 121-122
Mingo Indians, 130, 149, 157
Miró, Esteban Rodríguez, 194-202
Miskito Coast, 245
Mississauga Indians, 208
Mississippi River, 127-128, 141, 164, 177, 182, 189-191, 193, 196-201, 203, 206-207, 216
Mohawk Indians, 127-128, 132, 134, 137-138, 172, 189, 208
molasses, 216, 346
Monck’s Corner, 47, 88, 93, 102, 110
Moñino, José, 191
Monmouth, battle of, 17, 66, 82, 140, 282
Monongahela River, 174
Moravian Church, 150
Moravian Indians, 150-153, 162
Moreno, Bonaventura, 302
More’s Plantation, 55
Morris, Robert, 18, 120, 192, 348
Motte, Rebecca, 74
Moultrie, William, 45-46, 83-84, 91, 99, 122
Mount Misery, 233
Murray, George, 294
Murray, James, 292-295, 344
Murray, John, 76
Muskingum River, 150
Natchez, 189-190, 192-193, 195-197, 201
National Park Service, 203
Native Americans
anti-Indian violence and, 134
Cherokee Indians and, 54, 89, 91, 99, 102, 129, 149, 167, 182-184, 186-187, 204, 207
Chickasaws and, 149, 189-191, 193-194, 196-199, 202, 207-208
Christian Indians and, 128, 149
co-dependency with whites and, 127
Creek Indians and, 36, 68-70, 89, 127-128, 149-150, 183, 187, 202-203, 207
Delaware Indians and, 130, 136, 149-151, 157, 159-160, 162, 169, 173, 179
Iroquois Indians and, 128, 130, 134-141, 149-150, 160, 167, 206-208
Mingo Indians and, 130, 149, 157
Mohawk Indians and, 127-128, 132, 134, 137-138, 172, 189, 208
Moravian Indians and, 150-153, 162
Oneidas and, 135, 138-139, 145, 147, 208-209
Quapaws and, 189-190, 198-200, 202
Seneca Indians and, 130, 160-161, 165
Shawnee Indians and, 127, 129-130, 136, 149-150, 157-160, 163-164, 167-169, 171, 177-183, 187, 205, 208
“Squaw War” and, 161
Trail of Tears and, 208
treaties and, 130, 137
Wyandots and, 149, 157
Naval Academy, 234
Negapatam, 313, 321, 330-331
Nelson, Horatio, 236, 246, 248-251, 305
New Ebenezer, 63, 68-69
New Mole, 296
New Orleans, 36, 189-190, 192-197, 201, 203
New Providence Island, 214, 251
New River, 129
Newton, Isaac, 231
New York City, British evacuation of, 360
New York Harbor, 360
Nippising nation, 183
North River, 33
North Sea, 234, 268
Oconee River, 69
O’Hara, Augustus, 11
O’Hara, Charles, 5-14, 18-21, 32, 35, 43, 50, 75-76, 83, 213-214, 243, 291, 308, 311, 324, 365n13
O’Hara, James, 9, 291
O’Hara’s Battery, 214
Ohio River, 17, 127, 129, 152, 159, 167, 173, 177, 344
Ohio River Valley, 17
Ojibwa Indians, 270
Old Mole, 296
Old Tassel, 184
Oneidas, 135, 138-139, 145, 147, 208-209
Onondaga Indians, 133
Order of Malta, 324, 333
The Origin of Species (Darwin), 271
Paoli Massacre, 66
Parliament, 3-5, 22, 61, 79, 174, 207, 224, 243, 248, 304, 312, 318, 338, 345, 356
Patissier, Charles-Joseph, 332, 334-337
Patuxent River, 284
Paul, François Joseph (Comte de Grasse), 18, 25, 231-233, 236-242, 249, 260, 264, 266, 274, 325, 334
Pee Dee River, 29, 93, 97
Pégase, 267
Penobscot Bay, 275
Penobscot River, 35, 51, 274-275, 285
Pensacola, 189, 192-194, 196
Pequot War (1637), 133
Pickens, Andrew, 80, 186
Pigot, Hugh, 235
Plains of Abraham, battle of, 344
Polk, James, xv
Porto Novo, 320, 328-329, 335-336
Protector, 282-283
Provedien, 329, 334
Quakers, 33, 39, 140, 185
Quapaws, 189-190, 198-200, 202
Quarter House, 47, 81
Québec Act of , 344
Quebec, 280-281
Resolution Island, 271
Rhode Island Army, 39
Rigaud, Louis-Philippe de, 239
Ritchie, William, 100
Roatán Island, 247
Rochambeau, Count de, 9, 16, 18-20, 232-233, 275, 365n8
Rock of Gibraltar, 221
Rodney, George Bridges, 223-228, 231-232, 234-235, 237-240, 242-244, 247, 260, 265, 279, 287, 299, 307, 321, 344, 347
Rogers, Josias, 280-281
Roosevelt, Theodore, 185-186, 205
Rose, John, 151, 153, 155-158
Ross, John, 141-142, 144-147
Royal Gazette, on Lauren’s death and, 111
Royal George, 266, 3
93n14
Royal Society, 96
Rutherford, Griffith, 52-56, 58, 60, 80, 136, 182
Rutledge, Edward, 86, 392n16
Rutledge, John, 44
Sackville, George, 22
Sadras (Kalpakkam), 328
Saint-Cyr, Jacobo Dubreuil, 198-203
Saint-Domingue (Haiti), 216, 219, 225, 232-233
Saint Lawrence River, 143, 145
Saintes, battle of, 240-244, 260, 334
Saluda River, 101
Sandusky River, 158
Santee River, 29, 93, 96-97
Saratoga, battle of, 20, 90, 117, 138, 140, 222, 305, 345
Savannah, British evacuation of, 71-72, 118, 121
Savannah River, 60, 62-63, 68
Scammel, 276
Sceptre, 268, 271
Schaukirk, Ewald Gustav, 346, 353, 356
Schaw, Janet, 218, 222, 233
Schermerhorn, Symon, 137
Schoenbrunn, 150, 152
Schuyler, Philip, 139
Second Battalion, 41
Second Regiment, 91
Seeger, Pete, xv
Seillans, Marie-Thérèse de Perrot, 325
Seminoles, 203, 208
Seneca Indians, 130, 160-161, 165
Seven Years’ War, 17, 39, 53, 89, 128, 135, 140-142, 155, 160, 170, 174, 177, 189, 216, 224, 226-227, 234, 268-269, 287, 297, 300, 322, 325, 335, 344
Severn, 270-271
Sevier, James, 187
Sevier, John, 184-188
Seymour, William, 81
Shakespeare, William, 231
Shannon, Alexander, 45
Shawnee Indians, 127, 129-130, 136, 149-150, 157-160, 163-164, 167-169, 171, 177-183, 187, 205, 208
Shay’s Rebellion, 21
Shelby, Isaac, 185
Shenandoah Valley, 129
Sibyl, 287
Skidaway Island, 72
slaves, 13, 30-31, 36-37, 41, 48, 51, 60, 72, 75-78, 82, 85-87, 89, 93, 103, 107, 110, 114-117, 120, 175, 187, 189, 191, 195, 197-198, 201-202, 208, 215, 217-219, 229-231, 233, 243, 254, 262, 282-284, 353, 357-359; see also African Americans
Smith, Adam, 215-216
Smith, John, 133
Solomon Islands, 272
Sons of Liberty, 140, 365n13
South Carolina, 252, 261, 279, 282
Spanish Havana, 192
Spanish Omoa, 247
“Squaw War”, 161
St. Clair, Arthur, 60, 63-64, 130
Stedman, Charles, 136
St. Eustatius (Statia), 221-228, 232-233, 235, 243, 245, 279
St. Francis River, 201
St. Helena Sound, 108
St. Kitts, 219, 233-234, 236-238, 268, 274
St. Kitts council, 219
Stock, William, 109-110
Stoddard, Noah, 276-277
Stono River, 29, 105
Stony Point, 66
Stuart, James, 335-339
Stuart, John, 167
Suffren, Pierre André de, 323-338
sugar, 30, 120, 215-219, 229-230, 233, 262, 283
Sullivan, John, 136, 139-140
Sumter, Thomas, 80
Tahourdin, William, 230-231, 389-390n7
Tar Bluff, 107-109, 377n20
Tecumseh, 208
Tender is the Night, 122
After Yorktown Page 48