by Ron Chernow
9. LBI-HS. B19. Letter to Eric Warburg, June 14, 1947.
10. AW. Family Correspondence, letter from Albert Einstein, September 10, 1928.
11. Mnemosyne, p. 24.
12. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p. 190.
13. MAW. “Speech at the Warburg Institute after the death of Gertrud Bing.” Also, Sir Ernst Gombrich, interview with author.
14. AW. Family Correspondence Folder 1928–1929, letter to Mary Warburg, December 21, 1928.
15. AW. Family Correspondence Folder 1928–1929, letter to Mary, Saxl, Wind, December 29, 1928.
16. Gombrich, “Aby Warburg Zum Gedenken,” p. 25.
17. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p. 189.
18. AW. Family Correspondence Folder 1928–1929, letter to Mary Warburg, February 19, 1929.
19. Weber, Patron Saints, p. 335.
20. Exhibition at Hamburg Kunsthalle. Letter from Aby Warburg to Gustav Pauli, May 25, 1929.
21. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 7.
22. Margot Wittkower, interview with author.
23. Liebeschütz, “Aby Warburg,” p. 236.
24. Bredekamp et al., Aby Warburg, p. 71.
25. Bing, “Aby M. Warburg,” p. 10.
26. Krebs, Otto Warburg, p. 77.
27. The New Yorker, February 2, 1987.
28. The New York Times, June 30, 1978.
CHAPTER 21
1. Warburg, Letters to His Sons, letter to Paul Felix and Edward Warburg, August 3, 1920.
2. YIVO-JR. Folder 17. “Minutes of the Meeting of the Committee of Seven,” June 17, 1924.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Morrissey, Jewish Workers and Farmers, p. xii.
6. YIVO-JR. Folder 26. Letter from Joseph Rosen to Jacob Newman, June 8, 1928.
7. Rose, Chaim Weizmann, p. 241.
8. Marshall, Champion of Liberty, Vol. II, p. 755.
9. FW. “Personal Recollections,” Alice R. Emanuel.
10. Ibid.
11. YIVO-JR. Folder 24. “From Mr. Warburg’s Report on Conditions in Palestine, Russia and Poland.”
12. FW. Nearprint File Paper, “May 15, 1927.”
13. Voss, Servant of the People, p. 155.
14. Bauer, My Brother’s Keeper, p. 102.
15. YIVO-JR. Folder 29. Cable from Joint Distribution Committee, Berlin, to Agro-Joint, New York, January 1, 1930.
16. FW. B266 F11, letter from Max Warburg, June 15, 1930.
17. Morrissey, Jewish Workers and Farmers, p. 41.
18. Shepherd, Wilfrid Israel, p. 213.
19. Weizmann, Letters and Papers, Vol. XIII, p. 524.
20. FW. Letter from Chaim Weizmann to Frieda Warburg, March 3, 1949.
21. Gisela Wyzanski, interview with author.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Lucie Kaye, interview with author.
25. Ibid.
26. Eva Mitchell, interview with author.
27. Weizmann, Letters and Papers, Vol. XIII, p. 524. Letter from Chaim Weizmann to Felix Warburg, December 28, 1928.
28. Anita Warburg, interview with author.
29. AW. Family Correspondence. Letter from Gisela Warburg, May 11, 1929.
30. FW. B277 F1. Statement of June 26, 1929. “Why the German Jews Entered the Jewish Agency.”
31. Weizmann, Letters and Papers, Vol. XIII, p. 177.
32. Ibid., p. 557.
33. Marshall, Champion of Liberty, Vol. II, p. 702.
34. FW. B277 F1. Statement of June 26, 1929.
35. Rose, Chaim Weizmann, p. 243.
36. Rothschild, Sharing and Caring, p. 9.
37. Hexter, Life Size, p. 60.
38. Ibid., p. 64.
39. Ibid., p. 89.
40. Shepherd, Wilfrid Israel, p. 61.
41. Edward M.M. Warburg, interview with author.
42. FW. B252 F4, letter from Max Warburg, August 29, 1929.
43. FW. B252 F1, letter to Aby S. Warburg, October 30, 1929.
44. Hexter, Life Size, p. 96.
45. Ibid., p. 82.
46. The New York Times, October 23, 1930.
47. FW. B251 F3, letter to Judah Magnes, October 9, 1929.
CHAPTER 22
1. Birmingham, “Our Crowd,” p. 384.
2. CUOH-BB, p. 275.
3. Warburg, A Book for Jimmy, Jennifer and Philip, p. 62.
4. BW. Letter from Paul Warburg, February 12, 1927.
5. BW. Letter from Paul Warburg, November 21, 1926.
6. BW. Letter from Paul Warburg, August 27, 1926.
7. BW. Letter from Paul Warburg, October 22, 1927.
8. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 29.
9. CUOH-JW, p. 16.
10. Warburg, The Federal Reserve System, Vol. I, p. 513.
11. PW. SI B5 F65, letter to Ogden Mills, March 6, 1929.
12. Warburg, The Federal Reserve System, Vol. I, p. 824.
13. Klingaman, 1929, p. 150.
14. Bird, The Chairman, p. 72.
15. MMW. Box 509 Warburg Family Akten. Letter from James to Eric Warburg, May 23, 1964.
16. BW. “Bettina W. Grimson Will” folder.
17. Ibid.
18. Warburg, A Book for Jimmy, Jennifer and Philip, p. 94.
19. Warburg, The Long Road Home, pp. 19–20.
20. Warburg, As I Recall, p. 7.
21. CUOH-JW, p. 33.
22. Ibid., p. 43.
23. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 58.
24. Warburg, A Book for Jimmy, Jennifer and Philip, p. 60.
25. Andrea Kaufman, interview with author.
26. Schwartz, Gershwin, p. 188. (Edward Jablonski dates this from the March 1926 party.)
27. Kimball and Simon, Gershwin, p. 64.
28. Schwartz, Gershwin, p. 190.
29. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 64.
30. Ibid.
CHAPTER 23
1. CUOH-JW, p. 53.
2. Wanderer Between Two Worlds by Norman Bentwich (Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd, London, 1941). pp. 186–87.
3. FW. B252 F4, letter from Max Warburg, June 26, 1929.
4. Agar, Saving Remnant, p. 75.
5. Peukert, Weimar Republic, p. 196.
6. American Jewish Committee, “The Jews in Nazi Germany,” p. 53.
7. MMW Ma XIX, p. 420.
8. Bullock, Hitler, p. 167.
9. CUOH-JW, p. 54.
10. Ibid.
11. Cohen, Not Free to Desist, pp. 157–58.
12. MMW Ma XIV, p. 424.
13. FW. B266 F11, letter from Max Warburg, September 21, 1930.
14. Warburg, Zeiten und Gezeiten, p. 110.
15. MMW Ma XIV, p. 452.
16. Max Warburg, interview with author.
17. Warburg, Zeiten und Gezeiten, p. 102.
18. MMW Ma XIV, p. 436.
19. JW. Box 1 Folder “Personal Affairs—6/16/31–6/19/31.” Letter to Paul Warburg, June 17, 1931.
20. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 98.
21. JW. Box 1, Folder “Personal Affairs—6/8/31–6/15/31.” Letter to Paul Warburg, June 10, 1931.
22. JW. Box 1, Folder “Personal Affairs—6/16/31–6/19/31.” Letter from Paul Warburg, June 16, 1931.
23. JW. Box 1, Folder “Personal Affairs—6/8/31–6/15/31.” Letter from James Warburg, June 15, 1931.
24. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 98.
25. JW. Box 2, Folder “Personal Affairs—8/18/31–8/20/31.” Undated letter from James Warburg to Goldschmidt.
26. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 93.
27. JW. Box 2, Folder “German Banking Crisis of 1931–8/27/31–8/28/31.” Letter to Paul Warburg, August 27, 1931.
28. Bullock, Hitler, p. 247.
29. Warburg, Germany: Key to Peace, p. xv; and Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 94.
30. The Nation, February 3, 1932.
31. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 98.
32. Ibid., p. 309.
33. MMW. Box 509 Warburg Family Akten. Letter from James Warburg to R
enate Lady Calder, May 14, 1964.
34. Bettina Warburg, interview with author.
35. BW. Letter from Paul Warburg, June 28, 1929.
36. Carol Noyes, interview with author.
37. Warburg, A Book for Jimmy, Jennifer and Philip, p. 63.
38. JW. Box 2, Folder “Personal Affairs—5/1/32–5/11/32.” Letter to Felix Warburg, May 1, 1932.
39. JW. Box 1, Folder “Personal Affairs—3/21/32–4/13/32.” Letter to Felix Warburg, April 13, 1932.
40. JW. Box 2, Folder “Personal Affairs—5/1/32–5/11/32.”
41. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 102.
42. JW. Box 1, Folder “Personal Affairs—7/17/31–12/10/31.”
43. Warburg, The Long Road Home, pp. 71–72.
44. Schwartz, Gershwin, p. 191.
45. Joan Melber Warburg, interview with author.
46. Katharine Weber, interview with author.
47. The Independent, February 3, 1993.
CHAPTER 24
1. Frieda Schiff Warburg, Reminiscences, p. 152.
2. Birmingham, “Our Crowd,” p. 420.
3. Ibid., p. 415.
4. Walter Rothschild, Jr., interview with author.
5. Warburg, As I Recall p. 10.
6. Phyllis Farley, interview with author.
7. Jeremy Warburg Russo, interview with author.
8. Geraldine Zetzel, interview with author.
9. Jeremy Warburg Russo, interview with author.
10. New York World Telegram, February 19, 1941.
11. Frieda Schiff Warburg, Reminiscences, p. 136.
12. Warburg, As I Recall, p. 35.
13. Weber, Patron Saints, p. 39.
14. Warburg, As I Recall, p. 33.
15. Ibid.
16. Warburg, Letters to His Sons, letter to Edward M.M. Warburg, November 27, 1928.
17. Birmingham, “Our Crowd,” pp. 415–16.
18. Warburg, As I Recall, p. 51.
19. Weber, Patron Saints, p. 208.
20. Mason, I Remember Balanchine, p. 124.
21. Weber, Patron Saints, p. 244.
22. Mason, I Remember Balanchine, p. 126.
23. Edward M.M. Warburg, interview with author.
24. Weber, Patron Saints, p. 209.
25. Edward M.M. Warburg, interview with author.
26. Susan Quinn, A Mind of Her Own, p. 342.
27. Edward M.M. Warburg, interview with author.
28. Katharine Weber, interview with author.
29. Andrea Kaufman, interview with author.
CHAPTER 25
1. Anita Warburg, interview with author.
2. Carol Noyes, interview with author.
3. Farrer, The Warburgs, p. 187.
4. Melchior, Random Memories, p. 166.
5. Ibid., p. 175.
6. Warburg, “Lucie L. Warburg,” p. 4.
7. Ibid., p. 2.
8. Institutional Investor, March 1980.
9. Wechsberg, Merchant Bankers, p. 193.
10. Ibid., p. 192.
11. Warburg, “Lucie L. Warburg.”
12. Institutional Investor, March 1980.
13. Ibid.
14. Eddy Lachman, letter to the author, August 20, 1992.
15. MMW Ka IV, letter from Siegmund to Karl Warburg, November 2, 1923.
16. Frede Prag, interview with author.
17. Bettina Warburg, interview with author.
18. MMW Ka IV, letter from Siegmund to Karl Warburg, December 5, 1924.
19. Doris Wasserman, interview with author.
20. Institutional Investor, March 1980.
21. MMW Ka IV, letter from Siegmund to Karl Warburg, January 3, 1928.
22. Elsbeth Oppenheimer, interview with author.
23. Warburg, “Marc Rosenberg,” p. 6.
24. Ibid.
25. MMW Ka IV, letter from Siegmund to Karl Warburg, April 7, 1930.
26. Wechsberg, Merchant Bankers, p. 210.
27. Institutional Investor, March 1980.
28. LBI-WF. Extracts from Alfred Vagts Tagebücher, February 5, 1934.
29. MMW Ka IV, letter from Siegmund to Karl Warburg, December 14, 1930.
30. Ibid.
31. JW. Box 3, Folder “Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft Merger Negotiations—12/9/31–12/24/31,” letter from Siegmund Warburg, December 23, 1931.
CHAPTER 26
1. Hayes, Industry and Ideology, p. 66.
2. Borkin, The Crime and Punishment of I. G. Farben, p. 54.
3. MMW. MW 49, letter from Max Warburg to Heinrich von Gleichen, May 28, 193I.
4. MMW. MW 49, letter from Max Warburg to Hans Meyer, October 22, 1931.
5. Yahil, Holocaust, p. 22.
6. Warburg, Zeiten und Gezeiten, pp. 110–111.
7. Lorenz, Die Juden in Hamburg, Vol. II, p. 1059.
8. Bielenberg, Ride Out the Dark, p. 18.
9. MMW. JW II, letter from Max to James Warburg, April 9, 1932.
10. JW. Box 5 “Archive File—4/17/32–6/30/32.”
11. MMW. MW F168 1932, letter from Max to James Warburg, June 12, 1932.
12. MMW. MW F168 1932.
13. Leo Baeck Institute Bulletin, 1960, p. 189.
14. Rosenbaum and Sherman, M.M. Warburg & Co., p. 153.
15. JW. Box 5, “Archive File 9/32.” Cable from Siegmund Warburg, September 14, 1932.
16. MMW. MW F168 1932, letter from Max to Felix Warburg, December 12, 1932.
17. Wolffsohn, “Banken, Bankiers und Arbeitsbeschaffung,” p. 57.
18. MMW. “Gespräch am Mittagessen am 10 November 1982,” p. 26.
19. Rosenbaum and Sherman, M.M. Warburg & Co., p. 157.
20. Gisela Wyzanski, interview with author.
21. Cohen, Not Free to Desist, p. 156.
22. Helfferich, Tatsachen, p. 47.
23. MW Ma XIV, p. 476.
24. Kopper, “Nationalsozialistische Bankenpolitik,” p. 68.
25. Rosenbaum and Sherman, M.M. Warburg & Co., p. 158.
26. MMW. JW II, letter from Max to Jimmy Warburg, March 19, 1933.
27. Warburg, Zeiten und Gezeiten, pp. 113–114.
28. Adler, “Felix M. Warburg,” p. 40.
29. FW. B294 F8, letter to Chaim Weizmann, April 6, 1933.
30. Yahil, Holocaust, p. 60.
31. Black, Transfer Agreement, p. 49.
32. Ibid.
33. FW. Letter to Gertrud Norman, April 18, 1933.
34. Black, Transfer Agreement, p. 50.
35. YIVO-LW-DM. Folder 95. “Notes of Conversation with Dr. Kahn on Afternoon of Saturday, March 31st, 1933.”
36. MW Ma XIV, p. 488.
37. FW. B287 F12, letter to Margarete Dessoff, June 12, 1933.
38. Kopper, “Nationalsozialistische Bankenpolitik,” p. 50.
39. Gisela Wyzanski, interview with author.
40. Turner, Hitler, p. 261.
41. Peterson, Hjalmar Schacht, p. 128.
42. Turner, German Big Business, p. 331.
43. Schacht, Confessions of “The Old Wizard,” p. 274.
44. MMW. JW II, letter from Max to James Warburg, March 19, 1933.
45. MMW. JW II, letter from Max to James Warburg, June 4, 1933.
46. CUOH-JW, p. 687.
47. Schuker, Reparations, p. 74.
48. Helfferich, Tatsachen, p. 14.
49. Warburg, Zeiten und Gezeiten, pp. 119–120.
50. Rosenbaum and Sherman, M.M. Warburg & Co., p. 161.
51. MWMaXIV, p. 479.
52. Kopper, “Nationalsozialistische Bankenpolitik,” pp. 72–73.
53. Warburg, Zeiten und Gezeiten, p. 117.
54. Ibid.
55. Ibid., pp. 117–118.
56. FW. B295 F4, letter to Henry Wollman, November 30, 1934.
57. FW. B291 F5, letter to Paul Baerwald, June 14, 1933
58. Kopper, “Nationalsozialistische Bankenpolitik,” p. 73.
CHAPTER 27
1. Feis, 1933, p. 152.
2. Warburg, A Book for J
immy, Jennifer and Philip, p. 53.
3. JW. Box 3, “Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft Merger Negotiations 1/1/32–1/7/32,” letter to Siegmund Warburg, January 2, 1932.
4. The New York Times, January 25, 1932.
5. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 107.
6. Ibid.
7. Abramson, Spanning the Century, p. 239.
8. CUOH-JW, p. 177.
9. The New Yorker, September 13, 1969.
10. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 112.
11. CUOH-JW, p. 247.
12. Ibid., p. 504.
13. Ibid. pp. 497–98.
14. Ibid., p. 504.
15. Brandeis, Letters, Vol. V., p. 516. Letter to Stephen S. Wise, May 18, 1933.
16. Voss, Servant of the People, p. 208.
17. CUOH-JW, p. 199.
18. JW. Box 7, “Personal 1933,” letter to Frederick Warburg, April 24, 1933.
19. CUOH-JW, p. 644.
20. Feis, 1933, p. 137.
21. CUOH-JW, p. 630.
22. Vagts, “M.M. Warburg & Co.,” p. 387.
23. Dodd, Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, p. 9.
24. FW. Box 291 F11, letter to Lewis Strauss, October 26, 1933.
25. McDonald, My Mission in Israel, p. 252.
26. Ibid., p. 253.
27. Bauer, My Brother’s Keeper, p. 145.
28. Feis, 1933, p. 158.
29. CUOH-JW, p. 655.
30. CUOH-JW, p. 681.
31. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 124.
32. CUOH-JW, p. 679.
33. MMW JW II, letter from Max to James Warburg, June 4, 1933.
34. YIVO-MW. Exo-29. Box 15. Folder “Germany Hitlerism.” Confidential report of June 25, 1933.
35. FW. B287F1.
36. CUOH-JW, p. 975.
37. Feis, 1933, p. 191.
38. The New Yorker, September 13, 1969.
39. Feis, 1933, p. 191 and CUOH-JW, p. 538.
40. Warburg, The Long Road Home, pp. 133–134.
41. Ibid., pp. 135–36.
42. CUOH-JW, p. 1123.
43. Warburg, The Long Road Home, pp. 135–136.
44. The New Yorker, September 13, 1969.
45. CUOH-JW, p. 1188.
46. CUOH-JW, p. 1193.
47. The New Yorker, September 13, 1969.
48. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 147.
49. CUOH-JW, p. 654.
50. Ibid., pp. 156–57.
51. Warburg, Hell Bent for Election, p. 70.
52. Ibid., p. xiv.
53. CUOH-JW, p. 1628.
54. Warburg, New Deal Noodles, p. 17.
55. Ibid., p. 39.
56. Warburg, Still Hell Bent, p. 1.
57. Warburg, The Long Road Home, p. 167.