The Dalai Lama
Page 48
Beger, Bruno, 359–60 n108
Beijing, China
Dalai Lama and, 174–75, 217, 275
escape of Dalai Lama, 189
Gyalo Thondup and, 244, 266–67, 279
March riots (1959), 180
Nepal and, 239
Panchen Lama on, 270
Phunwang’s imprisonment, 217
Third National Forum for Work in Tibet, 276
Tibet famine, 171
Beijing Olympics, 303–9
Bell, Sir Charles, 14, 31, 355 n59
Benson, Herbert, 226
Berlin Wall, 272–73
Bhutan, 191, 193–94, 194 n
Big Bang, 106
bikshu, 79–80, 139–40
Birla House, 197
black magic, 24–25
Bodh Gaya, India, 159–60, 205
bodhi, 54
bodhichitta, 137, 329
bodhisattva, 75, 338
bodhisattva vow, xv, 123
bodyguards
Chinese mandate on, 175–76
Dalai Lama (Great 13th), 20, 21
Dalai Lama the (14th), xix–xx, 54, 116–17, 141, 165, 183–84
on trip to India (1956), 157
Trungpa Rinpoché, 252–53
Bon (pre-Buddhist culture), 293
Botswana, 321
brick-tea story, 80–81
British influence. See Great Britain
Brooke, John Weston, 13, 14
Buddha, 35 n
acts during the Month of Miracles, 305
Buddhajyanti celebration, 151
Buddhism’s expansion prophesied, 326
Dalai Lama’s devotion to teachings, 168
Dharma Protectors of Buddha’s teachings, 197
Dorje Shugden affair, 286
gender equality, 206
historical Buddha, 292
instructing through visions, 234–35
lineages traced, 234–35
Maitreya, 64–65
the Path, 101
patronage and, 10
prophecy, 159–60
self-lessness vs. selflessness, 329
on sources of evidence, 35 n
students viewing gurus as Buddha, 295
suffering and, 102
Tibetan debate and, 100–101
translation of, 100 n
Buddha nature, 127
Buddhadharma (the Path)
aristocracy and, 107
Dalai Lama and, 258, 327–28
deities, 43, 68
geshe degree, 90
Mao as threat to, 147
protection of, 10–12, 153–54, 200
sexual practices, 300
supreme significance, 322
Three Seats, 70
Tsongkhapa, 258
Buddhajyanti celebration, 151, 155
Buddhism
Catholicism and, 220
China and, 277, 322
Christianity and, 316, 384 n316
Dalai Lama and, 197, 246–47, 384–85 n329
decline of, 321–22
Four Noble truths, 327
interest in, 325–26
karma, 327–28
Mahayaha tradition, 80, 80 n
mind before matter, 104–5
Nalanda tradition, 284
“obstacles” in, 85
priest-patron relationships, 9–10
principles, 329
revival in Tibet, eleventh century, 234
science and, 264–65, 328
site-specific observances, 220, 232–34
supernatural in, 328
theophagy in, 258 n, 379 n258, 382 n296
Tibetan diffusions of, 234–35, 285
worldview, 70
See also Chod (Buddhist tradition); Gelug tradition; Nyingma tradition; Sakya tradition
Buddhist Association of China, 270
Buddhist Path to Peace, The (Dalai Lama), 251–52
Bulgaria, 275
Burma (Myanmar), 191, 230
Buryat Republic, 245
Bush, George H. W., 275
Bush, George W., 304–5, 319
C
cairns, 43
cangue, 25
capital punishment, 11
Carter, Jimmy, 246
Casting-Out of the Votive Offering, 62–63
Catholicism, 192, 219–22, 258 n, 301–2, 316
celibacy, 154
Central Tibetan Administration, xix
Chadrel Rinpoché, 278, 279, 381 n279
Chairman Mao. See Mao Zedong
cham, 84
Chamdo, 117, 119, 124, 140, 211
chang, 38
Chang Ngopa Rinzin Dorje, 98 n
Chang’an, 115
Chapman, Freddy Spencer, 58
Chatral Rinpoché, 81 n
Chatreng Sampeling Monastery, 13
chela, 96
Chengdu, 133–34
Chenresig (Bodhisattva of Compassion)
compassion and, 326–29
Dalai Lama as manifestation of, 48, 206, 286, 306, 311, 328
depiction of, 240
Harrer and, 110
Lhasa and, 57
Ling Rinpoché on, 168
manifestation by religious kings, 234, 243
omniscience, 75
origin and lineage, 4, 243, 306
Potala Palace and, 68
reverence for, in Tibet, 311
as Yogin of the Burning Ground, 243
Chensalingka, 60
Chesterton, G. K., 329, 385 n329
Chiang Kai-shek, 46, 86, 91–92, 113
Chicago Daily News, 50 n, 84
childhood, Dalai Lama (14th)
attendants and playmates, 69
education, 66–67, 69–70, 74–78
journey to Lhasa, 50–54
Kumbum Monastery period, 45–50
sweepers, 88, 97–98
in Taktser, 38–40
See also family
Chile, 275
China, 132–47
aerial bombardment of Lithang, 154
air force, 201
Anti-Rightist movement, 217
Berlin Wall and, 272–73
capitalism and, 321
Congressional Gold Medal denounced, 304–5
Cultural Revolution, 218
Dalai Lama (Great 13th) and, 190
Dalai Lama (14th) and, 49, 169, 190, 200, 214–16, 223, 243–45, 276–77
Dorje Shugden controversy, 296–97
exile and, 255–56, 255 n
famine, 202
founding of, 113
genocide, 201
Great Leap Forward, 202, 217–18
Hundred Flowers campaign, 217
India’s accord with (1954), 151, 198
invasion of Tibet (1949–50), 118–19
Lhasa riot, 267–68
liberalizing tendencies, 241, 243–44, 254–55, 268, 279
Muslim population, 306
nation status, 275, 381 n275
negotiations, demands for, 118, 128–29
Nehru and, 197–98, 213–14
Ngabo in, 211, 241
Nobel Peace Prize, 272
Panchen Lama selection, 279
propaganda, 59
Ramagang ferry, 189
reform policies, 244, 266
religion and, 144, 322, 325
Sino-Indian War (1962), 213–14, 224
Tibet and, 150, 190–93, 197, 198, 199, 321, 371 n192
treaty with, 115
China (Politburo), 187, 271, 272, 276, 323, 370 n187
Chinese Communist Party
colonialism, 224
economic expansionist policies, 321
Hu Yaobang, 249
Hundred Flowers campaign, 217
India and, 224
long-view policies, 276
Mao Zedong, 218
Panchen Lama and, 211–12
Phunwang, 217
Tibet, failures in, 148, 166, 180, 249, 267
trade vs. human rights, 276
>
US pressures on, 266
Chinese Nationalist Guomindang party, 40, 46, 49, 84, 85–86, 92
cho yon (priest-patron relationship), 116
Chod (Buddhist tradition), 242–43, 242 n
Chogyam Trungpa, 252–53, 264
Chokor Gyal Monastery, 28
Christianity, 70, 100–101, 106
Buddhism and, 276, 316, 384 n316
Good Heart conference, 301
Merton, Thomas, 221–22
proselytizing, 222
selflessness, 329
theophagy, 258 n
Chushi Gangdruk resistance, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 191, 327
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)
aid to Dalai Lama, 192, 194, 199–200
Chushi Gangdruk resistance, 170
Dalai Lama and, 169, 170, 202, 327
head of, 163
Leary and, 375 n219
in Lhasa, 181
Tibetan rebels, 200–201, 222–23
See also Geshe Wangyal
Cixi, Dowager Empress, 8–9, 12
Clinton, Bill, 275, 303–4
Collected Topics (handbook), 101, 104, 105
collective farms in Tibet, 171, 250
Commission of Tibetan People’s Deputies, 207
communism, 46
British sympathizers in Tibet, 190, 216–18
colonialism defeated, 224
freedom of religion, 19, 144, 149
Tibet and, 202, 216, 245, 306
See also Chinese Communist Party; Russia
Communists, 113, 116, 125–26, 143, 147, 149, 151
compassion
Berlin Wall prayers, 273
Dalai Lama and, 246, 275, 300, 326–27, 384–85 n329
deities and, 29
Enlightenment, 329
generosity, 327
gyalyum chenmo, 254
international recognition, 326
killing as, 153–54
language and, 326, 384–85 n326
self-immolation, 309–10
See also Chenresig
concentration, 76–77, 103
Concert for Bangladesh, 228–29
conflict. See military action; political discord; warfare
Congressional Gold Medal, 304
Congressional Human Rights Caucus (Washington, DC), 266–67
corporal punishment, 76
corvée system, 142
Cultural Revolution (1966–69), 212, 218–19, 249, 307
Cutler, Howard, 301
D
Daily Mail (newspaper), 93
Daily Worker (newspaper), 149
dalai, 4
Dalai Lama, origin and lineage, 3–4, 6, 37
Dalai Lama (1st), 121
Dalai Lama (2 nd), 28, 361 n125
Dalai Lama (3rd), 3–4
Dalai Lama (4th), 102 n, 293
Dalai Lama (Great 5th), 34–35
Dorje Shugden and, 239
Drakpa Gyaltsen debate, 293
Glorious Goddess and, 238
Gushri Khan alliance, 293–94
Lotus-Born’s choice of Pehar, 236
mantras for, 356 n70
Potala (palace), 67–68
prestige, 313
role of, xiv
son of, 383 n313
Tibetan unity under, 313
Dalai Lama (6th), 102 n, 176, 176 n, 324
Dalai Lama (7th), 9
Dalai Lama (8th), 102–3 n
Dalai Lama (9th), 257 n252
Dalai Lama (Great 13th)
capital punishment, 11
death of, 17–19
Dorje Shugden and, 239, 295
on infighting, 78
Lungshar and, 20
military power, 19
origin and lineage, 36–37
Panchen Lama’s exile, 30
Potala, modifications, 16–17
prophecies, 192
on punishment, 58–59
retreat to Kumbum, 13, 14
retreat to Mongolia, 8, 200
tactile nature of, xx–xxi
Taktser visit, 5–6, 16
tea drinking, 355 n59
tomb, 69
Tsarong and, 190
Dalai Lama (14th)
appearance, xvii–xviii
Art of Happiness, The, 301
attendants and bodyguards, xix–xx, 69
autobiographies of, 209
awards and accomplishments, 199, 272, 273, 299, 304, 325, 326
awards and prizes, 318
bodhisattva vow, xv
Chinese “security,” 175–77
Congressional Human Rights Caucus proposals, 266–67
context for this book, xv–xvi
criticism of, 318–19, 384 n319
Dharamsala, xvii
education, 66–67, 69–70, 74–78
enthronement ceremony, 65–66
escape and exile, 180, 181–84, 187–95, 201–4, 209
Freedom in Exile, xiii, 83, 270
on gender, 206, 297, 328
Geshe Lharampa exams, 167, 172–73
getsul ceremony, 79–80
Harrer and, 107–12
hobbies and skills, 83, 274, 274 n, 357 n78
on how he spends his time, 129 n
impact of, xiv–xv
impressions of, 83, 110–12, 324, 329
Indira Gandhi and, 229, 327
Lhasa, journey and homecoming, 50–54, 61–73, 148–50
on Ling Rinpoché, 99–100
on Lithang violence (1956), 154–55
“Melody of the Unceasing Vajra” (prayer), 128
modernist views, 207, 220–21
mother’s last days and death, 254
ordination, 139–40
personality, hobbies, and skills, xvi, xviii–xix, xx–xxi, 77–78
popularity of, xiii, 266, 280, 299–303
refuge in Dromo, 124–25
retirement, 312–13, 319
as “simple Buddhist monk,” xiv, xxi
successors, 319–20, 324
on Taktra Rinpoché, 81
on Trijiang Rinpoché, 83
on violence, 153–54
See also childhood; education; family; search party
David-Néel, Alexandra, 57–58, 226–27
Davidson, Richie, 265
debate. See tsoe pa (debate or dialectics)
Dehra Dun Military Academy, 162
deities
1949 signs, 117
on China’s invasion, 117, 121–22, 182
on Dalai Lama’s legitimacy, 97
on fleeing Lhasa, 123–24
of Ganden, 77
oracles and, 291
overview of, 41–44
Pehar, 235–36
as protectors, 68, 114
on returning to Lhasa, 130–31, 164
on sovereignty, 121
Trijang Rinpoché and, 82
tum mo (Fierce Woman yoga), 225–26
See also specific deities by name
Dekyi Lingka, 66
democracy
challenges of, 308–9
China and, 321
Dalai Lama and, 255, 328
impeachment clause, 207–8
in India, 162
for Tibet, 207, 266, 269, 272, 297, 308
Democritus, 35 n
demon traps, 236, 294
demonstrations, 180–81, 267, 282, 305, 307, 380 n267, 383 n307