See also political discord; protests; rebellion/rebellions; riots
Deng Xiaoping
on Buddhajyanti celebration, 156
Dalai Lama and, 248, 255, 259
Gyalo Thondup’s proposal to, 244
one country, two systems policy, 255 n
Tiananmen Square, 271–72
Desi Sangye Gyatso, 102 n, 383 n313
Desideri, Ippolite, 352–53 n41
Dharamsala, India
anti–Dalai Lama posters, 283
Dalai Lama’s new-year address, 281
Dorje Shugden/Nechung controversy, 283–84
exile government locale, 202–4
visits, by foreigners, 209–10, 219–20
immigrant vs. resident communities, 283
martyrs’ memorial, 309
Padmasambhava statue consecrated, 232–33
Richard Moore visit, 302
dharma, 70, 128, 160
dhih, 75
Diamond Path, 127
Ditru Rinpoché, 60 n, 97
dob dob, 71, 356 n71
Doenye Ling Monastery, 356 n70
dolgyal (king demon), 296
Dolma, Tsering (older sister), 37, 50
Dorje Drakden (deity), 64, 235, 287–91
Dorje Shugden (deity), 81, 128
advocates in exile, 297
authenticity, 286–87
causing future turmoil, 298
Dalai Lama and, 182, 191, 193, 239–40, 254, 282–86, 295, 296, 297–98
dolgyal king demon, 296
Drakpa Gyaltsen, 294 n
Gelug tradition, 234, 282
Glorious Goddess, 239–40
Lotus-Born exalted over, 282
Manjushri, 286
Panglung oracle, 295
representing movement away from the world, 320–21
Shar Ganden Monastery, 298
Significance of, 285
statues removed, 281–82
Tsongkhapa and, 291
Western devotees, 296
Yellow Book, The, 234
dra tseng, 71
Drakpa Gyaltsen (Tibetan lama), 293–94, 294 n
dreams, 82, 224–25, 266, 351 n34
Drepung (India), 208
Drepung (Tibet), 172–74, 292, 312–13, 374 n216
Drepung Monastery, 4, 20, 59, 70, 90, 297
dri churra, xviii
Dromo, 124–25, 132, 166
Dulles, John Foster, 170
Dungkhar Monastery, 124, 126–27, 362 n126
Dungkhar oracle, 361 n124
Dzambu Ling (Rose Garden), 105
dzogchen, 81, 242
E
East Pakistan, 169, 227–29
education, 66–67, 69–70, 74–75
debate, importance of, 99–102
of inequality, 98
meditation and spiritual practice, 103–7
memorization and concentration, 76–77
tutors, 78–83, 87–88
Westerners and, 107–12
Eighth Dalai Lama. See Dalai Lama (8th)
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 196
Ekai Kawaguchi, 58, 354 n57, 356 n71
elephant metaphor, 103
Eleven-Face Avalokiteśvara, 127
Eleventh Kirti Rinpoché, 227
Elizabeth II (Queen), 274 n
emptiness, 104–5
England. See Great Britain
Enlightenment, 73, 101 n, 106, 127, 362–63 n127
enthronement ceremony, 65–66
Establishment/Unit 22. See Special Frontier Force (Establishment/Unit 22)
Estonia, 275
Ethics for the New Millennium (Dalai Lama), 263
exile
after Lhasa’s bombardment, 190–93
during British occupation, 8
during Chinese occupation, 124, 126, 130
constitution, 207
contemplation of, 129–30
information access during, 198–99
modernization and, 205–7
recognition of Tibet during, 161, 163
women and, 206
F
family
vs. aristocracy, 60–61
caravan to Lhasa, 50
Gyalo Thondup (brother). See Gyalo Thondup (brother)
gyalyum chenmo (mother), 39, 40–41, 47, 53, 60, 61, 69, 146, 148, 254, 351 n34
Jetsun Pema (sister), 50
Jigme Norbu (brother), 130, 137, 144, 158, 159, 169, 170, 269
land owned by, 352 n37
Lobsang Samten (brother). See Lobsang Samten (brother)
Ngari Rinpoché (brother), 141, 194
Tsering Dolma (sister), 37, 50
uncle, 47, 50
yabshi kung (father), 52–53, 61, 85, 92
See also Lhamo Thondup; Taktser Rinpoché
Fan Ming, General, 164
Festival of Mahakala, 84
Fifth Dalai Lama. See Dalai Lama (Great 5th)
First Dalai Lama. See Dalai Lama (1st)
films, 173, 310, 383 n310
finances, 89
Five Poisons, 150–51
Five Principles of Coexistence, 151
food, 38–39
Ford, Gerald, 246
Ford, Robert, 107 n, 117, 120, 120 n, 128
Forrest, George, 10, 11, 12, 349 n11
Four Noble Truths, 100, 327
Fourteenth Dalai Lama. See Dalai Lama (14th)
Fourth Dalai Lama. See Dalai Lama (4th)
Fox, Reginald, 107 n, 128
Freedom in Exile (Dalai Lama), xiii, 83, 271
funding and finances, 72, 78 n, 201, 208–9, 223, 238
G
Gaddi (indigenous Indian tribespeople), 283, 283 n
Gadong (oracle), 122, 164, 182
Ganden (India), 208, 297
Ganden (Tibet)
assassination attempt on abbot, 284
destruction of, 249, 249 n
Dorje Shugden, 281
exams, of Dalai Lama, 173
Ganden Monastery, 20, 21, 59, 70
101st Ganden Throne Holder, 297–98
Tsongkhapa, 292
Ganden Lha Gya Ma (Hundred Deities of Ganden), 77
Ganden Phodrang government, xix, 282, 302, 310
Ganden Throne Holder, 64–65
Gandhi, Indira, 224, 224 n, 228–29, 231
Gandhi, Mahatma, 110, 152, 159, 208, 365 n152
Gautama Buddha, 35 n
Gelder, Stuart and Roma, 190 n, 216, 374 n216
Gelug tradition, 13, 69–70, 81, 124
Chod practices within, 242–43, 242 n
Collected Topics (handbook), 101
Dalai Lama, view of, 286
Dorje Shugden, 234
on emptiness, 104–5
Enlightenment, 242
expansion of, 293
founder, 155
Kadam tradition and, 234
mahamudra teachings within, 242
Mongolian allies, 293
Namgyal monastic community, 287
vs. non-Gelug Buddhists, 234, 278
Nyingma tradition and, 293
101st Ganden Throne Holder, 297–98
protection of, 282
protests of, 277–78
Shugden devotees and, 283
tantras, 362–63 n127
variations, 242–43, 256
Yellow Book, The, 234
Gendun Drub (1st Dalai Lama), 121
Genesis, 106
Genghis Khan, 9
Gere, Richard, 275–76
geshe, 90
Geshe Wangyal, 169, 170, 196, 219, 246–47, 325
geshema (academic degree for nuns), 328
getsul ceremony, 79–80
Ghazi bin Mohammed (Prince), 316
gifts for Dalai Lama, 84
Ginsberg, Alan, 196, 210–12, 219, 252–53, 373 n210
Glass, Philip, 276
Glorious Goddess (Palden Lhamo), 28, 29, 62
accessibility of, 238
Dalai Lama and, 182, 184, 238–39
Dor
je Shugden and, 238
Ladakh and, 320
Ling Rinpoché and, 258
painting, 164, 184, 238, 240
tsok propitiation of, 238, 238 n
golden throne, 168
Golden Urn, 278–79
Goleman, Daniel, 265
Gombojav Tsybikov, 232
Gonpo Tashi Andrugstang, 168, 172, 200
Gould, Sir Basil, 66, 310, 351 n28, 354 n57
Graham, Isa, xxi
Graves, Richard, 360 n109
Great Britain, 6–7, 49, 66, 116, 121–22, 275, 321, 365 n152
Great Helmsman. See Mao Zedong
Great Leap Forward (China), 202, 217–18, 374–75 n218, 374 n217
Great Prayer Festival (Monlam Chenmo), 62, 64, 89–92, 167, 172, 268, 270, 287–92
Group of Thirteen, 206–7
Grueber, Johannes, 296 n
gson dre, 42
Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life (Shantideva), 212
Gushri Khan (Mongol warlord), 293–94
Gyalo Thondup (brother), 37, 50, 52, 86, 130
China and, 159, 266–67
Dalai Lama and, 209, 267
Deng Xiaoping, 244
in India, 163
Nixon and, 223
Panchen Lama, 278–79
Special Frontier Force recruiter, 214
support, garnering, 151
Tashi Tsering and, 374–75 n218
United Nations, 206
gyalyum chenmo (mother), 39
vs. attendants, 69
on China trip, 146
Dalai Lama on, 47
dreams, 351 n34
on kyirong, 40–41
last days and death, 254
in Lhasa, 53, 61
on Taktser after Chinese invasion, 148
Tenzin Geyche Tethong on, 355 n61
on visit to Chensalingka, 60
Gyantse (fortress), 7, 8
Gyuto Monastery, 75
H
Han, 8 n, 86, 306
Harrer, Heinrich, 124, 128, 207
Chinese and, 243
as friend, 132, 197, 210
Seven Years in Tibet, 243, 360 n109
as tutor, 107–12
Harrison, George, 228–29
Harvard University, 226, 247, 251
Hawn, Goldie, 276
hearth deities, 42, 43
hell regions, 105–6
Helms, Jesse, 266
hermits, 124, 226
Himmler, Heinrich, 108
Hinayana (non-Mahayana Buddhism), 80 n
Hitchens, Christopher, 319
homosexual relationships, 79, 357 n79
Hong Kong, 244, 255 n
Hopkins, Jeffrey, 247–48
Hoskins, John, 163
Howarth, David, 209–10
Hu Yaobang, 249, 250, 255, 271, 280
hu-hu, 39
Hui, 39–40, 46, 86, 295, 306
human rights
Chinese assault on, in Tibetan, 223
Congressional Human Rights Caucus, 266
Dalai Lama known in human rights groups, 273
Deng Xiaoping’s acceptance, 266
International Human Rights Day, 270
Thondup’s proposals to Deng Xiaoping, 266
in Tibet, 246
trade prioritized over human rights, 276
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 300–301
human scapegoats, 43, 353 n43
Hundred Flowers campaign (China), 217
hungry ghosts, 105–6, 329
I
ignorance, 102, 138, 150
Imperial Preceptor, 114
India
Air Force Academy, 162
Bangladesh refugee problem, 228
British in, 7, 365 n152
Buddhist centers and monasteries, 314, 325
channel for rebel armaments, 201
China’s accord with (1954), 151, 198
Congressional Human Rights Caucus, 267
cyclone of 1971, 227
Dalai Lama in, 130, 156, 191, 194, 198–99, 223, 317, 325
Dorje Shugden, 282
Kalachakra initiations in, 316
Lobsang Gyatso, 285–86
partitioned, 228
PLA and, 213–14
relations with Tibet, 283
Sino-Indian War (1962), 213–14, 224
Special Frontier Force and, 239
thermonuclear testing, 319
Tibetan independence and, 116, 121–22, 198
war with Pakistan, 229–31
Indian army, xix–xx
inequity, 98, 107, 126, 133, 148, 150
See also aristocracy; women
Institute of Buddhist Dialectics, 233
International Commission of Jurists, 199–200, 371 n192, 374–75 n218
International Human Rights Day, 270
Ireland, 275
Islam, 315
Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 228
Iyer, Pico, 251
J
Jack, Archie, 360 n108, 362 n126
Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics, 252
Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, 61
Japan, 213, 317, 325
Jataka Tales, 153
Je Tsongkhapa, 13, 77
Jetsun Pema (sister), 50
Jetsundamba Lama, 8
Jews and Judaism, 315, 323–24
Jiang Zemin, 303–4
Jigme Norbu (brother), 130, 137, 144, 158, 159, 163, 169, 170, 269
See also Taktser Rinpoché
Jinpa, Dr. Thupten, 301
John Paul II (Pope), 275
John XVIII (Pope), 221 n
Jokhang Temple
Dalai Lama’s exam venue, 172, 174
demonstration/riot scene, 267–68, 380 n267
despoiled, 249, 249 n
importance of, 62
Lotus-Born’s statue consecration, 233
March riots (1959), 178–79
Reincarnation at, signs of, 28
Jon Kabat Zin, 265
Jonang Buddhism, 241
K
Kadam tradition, 234
Kahneman, Daniel, 265
Kalachakra initiations, 134, 137–39, 155, 227, 240, 251, 275–76, 317
Kali, 121
Kalimpong, India, 163
Kalu Rinpoché, 363 n127
Karmapa (head of Karma Kargyu tradition), 304, 324, 383 n304
Kargyu tradition
Buddhism’s second diffusion, 234, 241
Dorje Shugden’s origins, 294 n
Karma Kargyu tradition, 304
mahamudra teachings, 241–42
Ogyen Trinley Dorje, 304
Tsang (King), 293
karma, 35, 72, 85, 101, 104–6, 125, 138
Karma Pakshi, 72 n
Kashag (Dalai Lama’s cabinet)
on asylum, 158
attack on Tibet (1950s), 119
on Chinese claims, 244
Dalai Lama (Great 13th), 7
fortifications, 180
Lotus-Born’s statue, 233
Lungshar’s vision of, 23, 25
March riots (1959), 178, 181, 182
on Panchen Lama’s funeral, 271
Kashmir, 151
kathag, xx, 94
Kewtsang Rinpoché, 30–34, 45, 46, 48, 49
khabse, xix, 39
Kham province, 9
attacks on, 118
Chinese occupation of, 152, 166, 176
collective farming, 171
Dorje Shugden’s cult in, 295
ethnic Chinese populations, 322
Larung Gar monastic settlement, 322
monks’ self-immolations, 309
“pacification of,” 12–13
population, 322
riots and resistance, 171, 172, 307
as part of Tibet proper, 255, 270
Xunhua Incident, 171
Khampas (natives of Kham), 118
arrests, by Chinese, 149
Chinese occupation, 19
2–93
CIA and, 168, 169–70
Dalai Lama, 168
vs. Lhasa government, 168–69, 193
National Assembly and, 172
The Dalai Lama Page 49