traditional selection process, 278
Panglung oracle, 295
Pansheel Accord (1954), 151
Pant, Apa, 151
parakeets, gift, 66
Paul VI (Pope), 220–21, 221 n, 237
Pavilion of Purple Light, 141
pecha, 208
Pehar (Buddhist Worldly Protector)
fallen angel, 235
Samye Monastery’s destruction, 236
speaking through Dorje Drakden, 235, 238
speaking through Nechung, 240
warns Dalai Lama about Glorious Goddess, 240
See also Dorje Drakden
Pelosi, Nancy, 319
Pemba, Tibet, 200–202, 372 n201
Pemba, T. Y., 43–44, 58
People’s Liberation Army (PLA), 118, 119, 121
air power limitations, 191
casualties, in Kham, 171
Chushi Gangdruk and, 172
escape from, 188
Indian army and, 213–14
in Lhasa, 129, 133
Lhasa attack, 190–91
objectives, 202
Tan Guansen, General, 175
traveling with, 140
weapons, surrender of, 152
withdrawal from India, 213
People’s Republic of China. See China
Père Dubernard, 11
Peter, Prince of Denmark and Greece, 243 n
Phabongka Rinpoché, 82, 128, 295
See also Dorje Shugden (deity)
Phagpa Lodro Gyaltsen, 115–16, 140 n
Phala, Thupten Woenden, Lord Chamberlain
on asylum, 158, 183
China on, 169
CIA and, 169–70, 181, 192, 194
escape from Lhasa, 183, 188
Gyalo Thondup, 169
Mcleod Ganj, 203
security, for Dalai Lama, 175–77, 181
Trijang Rinpoché, 169
phowa, 303, 303 n
Phuntsog Tashi Taklha, 368 n176
Phuntsog Wangyal (Phunwang), 142–43, 144, 145–46, 155, 217, 217 n
PLA. See People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
poisons and poisoning, 92, 97, 114, 118, 147, 150–51
Poland, 275
political discord
in 1900s, 6–7
Amdo province, 46
aristocracy vs. communism, 178, 192, 310–11
aristocracy vs. Dalai Lama’s family, 60
Beijing and, 244, 255–56, 267, 269–70, 348
China vs. India, 213
Chinese vs. Tibetan view of land, 5–6, 10, 114–15, 116–17, 199–200
Chogyam Trungpa scandal, 252–53
collaboration with China, 172, 211, 241
Dalai Lama and, 48–49, 156–57, 200, 272
“five-races policy” of China, 86
India vs. Pakistan, 213, 228–31
India vs. Tibetan policies, 213
international trade routes, 84
Khampa vs. Lhasa government, 168–69, 193
on Lhasa control, 7–9
Mao vs. Chinese Communist Party, 219, 324
“obstacles” to Dalai Lama, 85
over US economic interests, 223
Reting Rinpoché, 78–81
Reting vs. Taktra, 87–98
Tibetan Communist government, 211–13, 219, 324
Tibetan identity, eradication of, 192, 216–17, 250, 258, 277, 323
Tibetan infighting, 78
Tibetans vs. Hui Muslims, 306
See also demonstrations; Dorje Shugden; Glorious Goddess; rebellions; riots; warfare
Ponpo (Lobsang Jinpa), 47, 254, 254 n
population, of Tibet, 42, 42 n, 59
Potala Palace, xix, 59
armory, 190
Dalai Lama (Great 13th) and, 16–17, 18
Dalai Lama (14th) and, 60, 66–67
demonstrations, 180–81
description of, 67–68
destruction of, 249
Drakpa Gyaltsen, signs at, 294
Lion Throne, 311
stories of, 88
treaty on pillar in front of, 115
poverty, 133, 148, 150, 152
Prasad, Rajendra, first president of India, 207
Precious Pills, 296 n
Precious Protector. See Dalai Lama
Preparatory Committee for the Autonomous Region of Tibet, 155, 166–67, 211, 215
Preston, Douglas, 273–74, 380–81 n274
priest-patron (cho-yon) relationship, 116
Prince Gautama. See Buddha
protector deities, 28, 29, 68
protests. See demonstrations; political discord; rebellion/rebellions; self-immolation
punishment, 58
Q
Qiangxi emperor, 114
Qianlong (Chinese emperor), 278–79
Qing dynasty, 6, 9, 12, 39–40, 114, 116
Queen Victoria, 7
R
ragyabas, 58
Ramagang ferry, 188–89
Ramoche Temple, 305–7
Reagan, Ronald, 266
realms, six described, 106
rebel forces of Tibet, 169, 188–90, 200–202, 372 n201
See also CIA; Khampas; Special Frontier Force (Establishment/Unit 22)
rebellion (March 1956), 152–53
rebellion (March 1959)
China’s liberalization, 279–80
Chinese rule and, 270–71, 277–78
Dalai Lama and, 178
Gelug leadership, 278
Jokhang Temple, 178–79
Kashag, 178
March 10–14 events, 177–81
sangha leadership, 278
spreading beyond Lhasa, 278
targets, 177–78
rebellion (March 2008), 305–7
rebellions (general), 190–91, 200–201, 322
See also demonstrations; Lhasa, Tibet; riots
rebirth, 72–73, 74
Reform Bureau, 136–37, 140
refugees from Tibet
Dalai Lama and, 204–5, 224, 232
employment, 199 n
India and, 198–99, 208
international relief, 199
mass exodus, 198–99
relocated, 208
schools built, 208
Special Frontier Force, 214
successes of, 208
regent of Tibet. See specific names
reincarnation, 27–29, 72–73
religion
as barrier, 202
Chinese prohibitions on, 192, 215–16, 248–49, 277
dogma-free spiritual practices, 253–54
restoration in Tibet, 322
See also Buddhism; Catholicism; Christianity; Islam
restorative justice, 11
Reting Monastery, 52–53, 155–56
Reting Rinpoché, regent of Tibet, 23
alleged victim of Dorje Shugden’s wrath, 234
arrest, 93–94, 96, 358 n93
childhood of, 21–22, 350 n22
controversy over, 78–79
Dalai Lama’s relationship with, 295–96
death of, 96–97
finances, 78 n
humble origins, 311
Nazi ties, 108
political maneuverings, 85–86, 91–92
power, relinquishing, 80–81, 87
reincarnation, 155
search for next Dalai Lama, 27–35, 48
Sera Che loyalty, 88–89
revolts. See demonstrations; political discord; rebellion/rebellions; riots
Richardson, Hugh, 22, 107 n, 110, 128, 204, 209, 210, 358 n93
Ridley (Reverend), 13, 14
Rigya Monastery, 53
Rikon Monastery, 238
riots, 171, 211, 224, 268, 305–7, 376 n224, 383 n307
See also demonstrations; political discord; rebellion/rebellions
Riwoche, 119
Rock, Joseph, 40, 295, 382 n295
rollang, 42
Rolpai Dorje, 9
Rommel, Erwin, 108
Rosenthal, Abe, 266
Russell, Jeremy, 264
Russia/USSR, 245, 271
Rustomji, Nari, 157–58, 366 n158
S
sadhanas (rituals), 29
Saipan (Japanese Island), 169
Sakya tradition, 241
samaya, 295
same-sex relationships, 299–300
samsara, 106, 137
Samye Monastery, 235–36
sangha, 10, 46, 124
Chinese brutality, 192
Dorje Shugden controversy, 285
indispensability, 310
missionaries and, 12
nationalism and, 322
protest leaders, 277–78
science discussions, 300
vinaya and, 14
Santa Fe, New Mexico, 273
Save the Children Fund, 199, 206
Schaefer, Ernst, 108
School of Buddhist Dialectics, 284
science, 297, 328
search party, 27–29, 45–54
Second Dalai Lama. See Dalai Lama (2 nd)
self-immolation, 309–11
Sephardi rabbis, 315
Sera Che, 88–89, 90–91, 94–95
Sera Mey, 89 n
Sera Monastery, 18, 20, 59, 70, 89,172, 208, 268, 292, 297, 306
Seven Years in Tibet (Harrer), 107, 109, 243, 360 n109
“Seventeen Heroes for Subduing Colds,” 18
Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, 1951, 129, 130, 134, 149–50, 161, 179, 193, 200
Seventh Dalai Lama. See Dalai Lama (7th)
sexual practices, 362–63 n127
SFF. See Special Frontier Force (Establishment/Unit 22)
Shakyamuni (Buddha, Prince Gautama). See Buddha
Shantideva (8th-century Indian Buddhist scholar-saint), 123, 212, 227
Shar Ganden Monastery, 298
Shartsong Monastery, 15, 16, 31, 33
Shen Zonglian, 85–86
Shinjachen (Buddhist oracle), 182
shinje she (Lord of Death), 25
Shoko Asahara, 317
Shugden controversy
Amnesty International, 301
China’s involvement in, 297, 382 n296
Dalai Lama and, 297, 299, 324, 328
significance, 291, 297
as state affair, 314
See also Dorje Shugden
Shugden Supporters Society, 285
Siddhartha. See Buddha
siddhi (magical powers), 76, 253
signs and omens
astrological signs, 189, 189 n, 279
Chinese occupation, 149, 156
comet and earthquake, 117
mo (dough ball divination), 164, 164 n
of raven, 121
of reincarnation, 28, 351 n28
vajra, 132–33
See also deities; supernatural; Tibetan tradition
Sikkim, 6, 123
Siling, 39
siling ke, 32
single-point meditation, 103
Sixth Dalai Lama. See Dalai Lama (6th)
“skillful” means, 164
“Sky Archery” ceremony, 61
Smith, Patti, 318
Snyder, Gary, 210, 373 n210
Sogyal Rinpoché, 253 n
Sonam Gyatso, 3–4, 312–13
Song Rinpoché, 284
Songtsen Gampo (first religious king of Tibet), 36, 96, 232–33, 243
South Africa, 321
Special Frontier Force (Establishment/Unit 22)
established, 214, 228
military actions against Pakistan, 229–31, 238–39
Nehru and, 214
Nepal camp, 201, 238
Phantoms of Chittagong, 230
Spectator (magazine), xvii
Springsteen, Bruce, 300–301
ST CIRCUS, 170
Steele, Archibald, 50 n, 84
Stirling, Colonel David, 228
Stone, Sharon, 276
Strasbourg Statement, 269
suffering, xxx, 102, 104, 125, 150
supernatural realm, 94, 112, 114, 297
See also deities; signs and omens
Swarg Ashram, 210
sweepers, 88, 97–98
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, 199
T
Taiping Rebellion, 322
Taiwan, 304
Taj Mahal, 162
Taktser, 5–6, 16, 31–32, 39–40, 148
Taktser Rinpoché, 5, 16, 31, 36–37, 46, 125–26, 130
See also Jigme Norbu
Taktra Rinpoché, 80, 81, 85, 86
Communist China, 113
Dorje Shugden and, 295
at Drepung, 90
Dungkhar Monastery, 124
on loss of power, 122
negotiations with Mao, 120–21
plots against, 91–92, 96
on questioning legitimacy of Dalai Lama, 97–98
as regent, 87–88
Trijang Rinpoché and, 295
talks, Dalai Lama (14th), 247–48, 251–52, 301, 317, 327, 329
Tan Guansen (General), 175, 179–82, 187, 189, 215, 369–70 n187
T’ang empire, 115
tantras, 127–28, 362–63 n127
Tarim Basin, 115
Taring, J. T., 95
Tashi Tsering, 374–75 n218
Tashilhunpo Monastery, 30, 135, 167
tea ceremony, 66
tea drinking, 355 n59
technology, Tibet and, 98, 117
Tenzin Gyatso, name of 14th Dalai Lama, 97
Tenzin Tethong, xiii
Thailand, 213, 219–20, 325
thamzing (struggle session), 191–92, 212
thangkas (Tibetan Buddhist paintings), 69, 69 n, 103, 121, 138, 164, 184, 238, 240, 254
the Path. See Buddhadharma (the Path)
theophagy (human bodily matter ritually consumed)
in Buddhism, 258 n, 379 n258, 382 n296
in Catholicism, 258 n
in Christianity, 258 n
Dalai Lama and, 296 n
funeral rite, 258 n
Precious Pills in, 296 n
Theravada Buddhism, 80 n, 127
Third Dalai Lama. See Dalai Lama (3rd)
Third National Forum for Work in Tibet, 276–78
Third Turning of the Wheel, 127
Thirteenth Dalai Lama. See Dalai Lama (13th)
Three Seats, 20, 70, 113, 130
on asylum, 158
Chinese reprisals against, 306
Dalai Lama’s exam venue, 172–74
destruction of, 167, 216, 249, 249 n
Great Prayer Festival, 268
population, 167, 321–22
See also Drepung; Ganden; Sera
Thurman, Robert, 219, 224, 247, 315
Tibet
American officials in, 241
army, 189
Buddhism, 321
vs. China, 118–19, 250, 266, 321
cultural loss, 310–11
Cultural Revolution’s effects, 218
dark age, 234–35
demilitarization of, 266
environmental restoration, 266
exiles’ communication with, 244–45
farm collectives, 250
food, 38–39
Gyalo Thondup on, 244
Hu Yaobang’s plans for, 250, 255
India and, 245
Khampas rebels, 192–93
legal status of, 199–200
living conditions, Chinese rule, 212, 216–18, 223–24, 246, 248–51, 266, 277
new Tibet, 244
population, 42, 42 n
prisons under Chinese control, 216–18
refugee delegations, 248–51
religious restoration in, 322
ruling class, 177–78
Sera monk uprising in, 94–96
Silk Road, 114–15
size, xiv
teachers sent to, 244
theocratic rule, 312–13
travels throu
gh, 126
United States as ally, 202
wildlife and landscape, 51–52
on world stage, 307
See also Dalai Lama entries; Tibetan tradition
The Dalai Lama Page 51