The Last Full Measure

by Jeff Shaara

  Grant held the cigar tightly in his teeth, looked at Meade, said, "Fine." He stepped toward the fire, flicked an ash out into the flames. The others began to move closer behind him, still quiet. He looked at them again, said, "Gentlemen, what do we have to do? Is it... too many men? Do we simply have too many men to coordinate an attack? Is it the reports, our intelligence? I was told Lee was weak in his center, only his flanks were strong. I am safe in saying, gentlemen, that Lee was most definitely not weak in his center." He glanced around, knew already who was not there.

  "I do not see General Burnside. Smart man." He thought, No, no personalities, don't single anyone out. No one is more at fault than I am.

  Warren moved up to the fire now, a small, handsn-dapper, a wide gold sash across his waist. He said, "General Grant, perhaps we should have... discussed today's plan in detail... a council of war perhaps."

  Grant pulled the cigar from his mouth, looked at Warren, was not surprised that this would come from him, the man whose attention to detail exceeded anyone's in the army.

  "General Warren, councils of war do not fight. They allow disagreements of opinion to affect judgment. The council of war you should be concerned with is this one." He tapped the side of his head.

  "That seems to be a problem. My decisions do not seem to be reaching all of you with enough... authority. I had thought we had a plan today. If we had made a general assault, struck the flanks hard, then Colonel Upton's strike at the center could have been supported. Am I correct that Upton was successful?"

  Meade said, "Yes, sir. Quite successful, sir. His men broke through the enemy's line, held a gap open for nearly an hour. There was... failure to exploit the success."

  Wright glanced at Meade, said, "General, there was not time... there was poor communication. Colonel Upton's plan was precisely correct, sir. We... did not follow it up."

  Grant moved through the men, a path opening in the gathering of blue coats. He moved toward his tent, felt the frustration building, muttered to himself, "No, we did not follow it up... not at all."

  He stopped, turned, said, "What would you have me do about that? I could court-martial all of you, but someone would insist I be on that list as well. Fine. So we will move forward, move past this. This was a terrible day. I do not want to hear how much better we may have performed if John Sedgwick was here. He is not here, and I have confidence that General Wright can handle the job. Learn from this, gentlemen. If Colonel Upton's plan worked, then we will use that. If those damned fortifications over there can be broken, if one colonel can take one brigade across that field, then we should consider what an entire corps could do. I have no doubt that the enemy is still where we left him today. We have given him no reason whatsoever to change that. We gave him a victory today. If there was ever a day an army was not served by its command, this was it. Think about nothing else... think about the men we left out on that ground today. The opportunity is still there... Lee is still there, waiting for us. Next time, gentlemen, we will do it right!"

  19. STUART

  MAY 11, 1864 THE SCOUTS HAD REPORTED THAT SHERIDAN WAS MOVING south with nearly thirteen thousand horse soldiers, three times what Stuart could bring to the field. They were spread along the roads that led straight at the heart of Richmond, in a column over ten miles long.

  He had ridden all night, rested now on the side of a wide hill. He lay flat in the thick grass, stared up at a cloudy sky, the clouds growing darker, rolling in from the west. He tried to focus, to concentrate on what would happen now, the fight with Sheridan's cavalry swelling up in front of him. But he stared far away into the dark sky and saw only the sad face of his wife, Flora's eyes still digging into him, a gloom from her that he had not expected.

  He had seen her that morning, could not help himself. Flora and the children were close by, guests of an estate where they all had felt safe, far behind the lines, far from the threat of Grant's army. But Sheridan's advance had changed that, and Stuart would not let duty keep him away from his family. It had been inside of him for a while now, since the first fight at Spotsylvania. He would not talk about it, but everyone close to him knew the laughter, the swagger, was gone.

  The staff saw it as a new sense of danger, the focus on the new enemy, that Stuart, for all his arrogance and strut, would prove he was still the best cavalry officer of the war. Now the war was changing, and the men believed Stuart was changing with it, getting down to the serious business of dealing with a serious enemy.

  He didn't know what the men were seeing, had thought he was the same. But if they saw the change, it was because he was feeling it deep inside, a small black hole spreading inside of him. He had thought, it is her, it is the children, I have not seen them in so long. But it was deeper than even that, of missing his children, of holding his wife tenderly against him. He only knew it was important to see them, to leave the men and the pursuit of the enemy for just a brief time. The staff understood, of course, no one would find fault with that.

  The ride had been fast and short, and he rode hard into the lush green yard of the grand house, had called out, saw the children first, the yard filling with all the children in the house, joyous cries, rushing toward this grand soldier on the fine horse, gathering around him, touching the animal. Then he saw Flora, rushing onto the porch, down into the green of the rich yard, and the tears came from both of them. It was painfully quick, he did not even dismount the horse, something holding him away, pulling him back. They touched hands, he had leaned down and kissed her, looked for a long moment into her eyes, through the tears, then rode quickly away.

  He had not looked back, now wished he had, wished he'd said more to the two children. Staring at the dark gray sky, he tried to see them. We should have time, he thought, the time to sit, talk with them, smile at the playful stories. He had never let that bother him before, the war was his playground. He'd always thought the time would come later, gathering around the great fireplace, the marvelous stories of his great and glorious battles. He always saw a future bright with the promise of a life for his children, a life in a new South, independent, prosperous. It had never occurred to him that they could lose the war, that God would allow him to go home in defeat. He stared at the motion, the rolling wave of thick clouds, thought, No, it will never be like that. I would rather be dead.... His men were in dismal condition, had ridden hard and long to catch up to Sheridan's head start. The horses had not fared well through the winter, and every man had the responsibility to do the best he could with his mount, but the grain was scarce, and the horses had to subsist on worse than what the soldiers had. If the men accepted that there was not enough to eat, the horses showed the effects, the thin weakness of slow starvation. The spring had brought new growth to the open fields, and when the men rested now, the horses at least could graze, but it hadn't been enough, the stamina was not there, there was no time. During the night, they pushed the horses hard, there was no choice, and so today neither the mounts nor the men were in shape for a hard fight.

  They had thought it obvious that Sheridan was making a strong raid into Richmond-it was the largest Federal cavalry force ever assembled in one column. Stuart divided his smaller forces, sent one thrust at Sheridan's rear guard again and again. But the attacks had no power, were only a minor annoyance, and they did not stop the great mass of blue from pushing south. Stuart had taken the bulk of his force on a parallel route, shorter, to strike at Sheridan's exposed flanks, to hit him from the side, hurt him enough to slow the column, make them turn back to confront the danger from Stuart's hard blow. It would keep Sheridan occupied so Richmond could prepare, give the defenders there the time to make ready.

  They were north of Sheridan's path, above a crossroads named for a long-abandoned stage stop, Yellow Tavern, only six miles from the streets of Richmond. He had sent word to Davis, asking for help from the small infantry force that crouched in the defenses around the city. But there hadn't been time, and the defenders were watching the greater danger, to the east, w
here Butler's advancing army was plodding forward.

  Sheridan was coming from the northwest, and Stuart spread his men along the best ground, along the crest of the rolling hillsides above the intersection. The men were in a strong line, along the ridges, waiting for the long blue column to pass below them on their way down to the city. If Davis had sent the infantry, they could have slowed Sheridan enough for Stuart to hit him hard, trapping Sheridan from two directions. It might have been the only way the smaller number could turn back the great blue force. But now he understood there would be no help, there would be no infantry, that what forces he had above Yellow Tavern would be all he could throw into the fight.

  He could hear the musket fire now, the feeling out, scouts from both sides pressing into the other. He sat up, saw his staff watching him, following his lead, and quickly the men were moving to the horses, the short rest over.

  He had never believed it would happen this way, that the glory of all he had done, the reputation and the victories, would be overshadowed, slowly erased by an evolution he could not predict. As badly as his horses had suffered, the Federal horses had grown fatter. As his men were beaten down by the lack of supplies, by the poor food, the enemy was stronger, their equipment better. He knew about the Spencer carbines, of course, the seven-shot short-barreled rifles the blue coats were using. It was a sad joke, the men complaining that the Yankees could load on Monday and shoot at you every day of the week. His men still used single-shot carbines, and even when they captured the new weapons, there was no way to load them. The arms makers in the South did not have the ability to produce the new-sized cartridges. But he did not see the new weapons as a turning point, as something that would turn the fight against him.

  The Federal commanders had never understood the tactics, never used their cavalry to any advantage, the greater numbers, the better horses. He thought of Sheridan again, had wondered if there was anything about this man that was different, if he would bring something new, any kind of challenge, something to bring the excitement back to the glorious fight. At Spotsylvania his men had endured the repeating rifles, the stronger horses, but still they kept the enemy away, held Sheridan back long enough for the infantry to hold the important ground. Now there was no infantry, no piece of ground to hold. This would be a fight between men, one man pressing forward, one man doing everything he could to turn him away.

  He climbed the horse, patted the neck, and the staff waited for him to give the order. He stared out to the west, then to the south, could see small wisps of smoke rising from the woods, from the small skirmishes. He knew his men would be falling back, the feeling out would be over very soon, and Sheridan would resume the march, push his men forward in a clear open dash down the open roads to Richmond.

  He thought of Sheridan, knew only what he'd heard, the small fiery man, full of hot words and reckless tactics. There was a difference in this man, something Stuart had not expected. He had become so used to the rest, Averill, Stoneman, Kilpatrick, men you never saw, who did not understand momentum, the value of quickness, control of the field. Stuart was used to having a fight go his way, as though he had orchestrated it, both sides, guiding the men into line, riding through the fight itself, feeling the rhythm of the battle, the momentum, the glorious action. Even if the fight was not perfect if his men took the worst of it, there was something to be had from the fight itself, of pushing the horses across the dangerous ground, the screams, the thunderous sounds of the battle. It was the thing he lived for, the one thing about this war that made sense of the horror, of the loss of the men around him. That they would win, that his men would ultimately destroy the enemy, was never in doubt. If his men were ever unsure, all they would have to do was watch their commander, the wide cape, the plumed hat, riding through them with the sword high, yelling at them with all the fire in his soul. They would see it in his face, in his eyes, share the same fire, the spirit for the fight. It was fun.

  He knew the change had come to him at Spotsylvania. The fight with Sheridan had been grim and desperate. The enemy had not run away, had been merely held away, a brutal fight for every foot of ground. He could not make the glorious rides, could not spend time in the rallying of his men, the playful shouts at the enemy. There had been no time for anything but the hard and deadly fight.

  He knew how well that fight had gone, what an extraordinary day it had been. He'd seen it in Lee's face, the softness, the glint in the old man's eyes. He had learned that about Lee, long ago. You would not hear the words, Lee would not tell you if you did well, but there was no mistaking the look, the small quiet nod. Only once, the disastrous day at Gettysburg, had there been something else, the anger.

  Even then there was no scolding reproach, none of the loss of temper, the profane violence so common from men like Ewell. But Lee's words had been very clear. Stuart had taken that with him, carried it now always, had never felt anything like the shock of that, the horifying image of Lee's disappointment. It had brought him closer to the old man than even Lee had understood, and Stuart had made a vow to himself-there would never be any reason for Lee to be disappointed;

  he would never see that look on the old man's face again.

  Far down the rise he could see men coming out of the far trees, his own men, moving back up to the strong lines. They had been on foot mostly, hidden in the thickness of the creek bottoms, picking at Sheridan's skirmishers through heavy trees. They'd done all they could, and now it would be up to the main body if Sheridan would be stopped here. He looked to the side, along the crest of the ridge, saw long lines of horsemen disappearing into a thick wood. He thought, Yes, we can move the flank down close to the road without being seen.

  The staff was behind him now, and he turned, saw Venable, said, "Go... to the trees... tell them to watch their right. They should advance in the trees as far as they cannot be seen. Tell Wickham to move at his discretion." He knew those men well, his first command, the first Virginia regiments. He nodded, thought, Yes, they will know what to do.

  He glanced at the sky, saw gray clouds turning darker still, heard a distant rumble. Along the line men began to talk, the tension slipping out of them, horses moving, the violent sound familiar. But he stared 95 to the west, above the trees, saw the brief flash. It was not cannon, but lightning, thunder, a solid black wall moving toward them, a sharp wind whipping through the trees, blowing up and over the crest of the hill. He watched the swirling of the black clouds, saw shapes, like long dark fingers, a fist curling tightly, then dissolving, then another. He stared, had a sudden rush of energy. Yes, it is the hand of God. He is here!

  From below, in the direction of the tavern, his men were still moving up the ridge, and now horsemen appeared, rode up toward him. He was still watching the violence of the storm above him, and the men came close and reined the horses, watching him.

  One man saluted, said, "Sir, the enemy is stopping. They're forming on this side of the road. They are not moving past."

  He looked past the man, down the wide hill, and now beyond a row of trees he saw movement, a heavy column of blue. They were forming into thick lines, facing the ridge where he sat. He heard thunder again, the wind whipped around him, nearly took his hat off, and he grabbed the hat, wanted to wave It high, to shout, the glorlous call to the fight, the cheer that always filled his men with the bloody fire. But the sound did not come. He looked up again, to the solid black wall blowing over the trees, the rain now soaking his men down the line. Now he saw the enemy flags held stiffly by the wind, and behind, coming up the rise slowly, a vast line of blue crawling forward, moving straight at the crest of the ridge.

  "Sir, they aren't moving south anymore. They are coming right at us!" Stuart glanced at the man, said nothing, still held the hat in his hand. The rain began to blow around them now, and he felt a sudden chill, as if pulled very far away, watching this unfold from some great distance.

  The blue mass began to move up the rise, and now there was new thunder, the sound of big guns.
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  Down the hill the high screams began to streak overhead, wbisding shot hurtling past him. He heard the voices of his men now, the rebel yell rising, spreading in a wave over the ridge. His men began to return the fire, the sharp rattle of the carbines mixed with the sound of the cannon, hard bursts behind him, all along the line.

  He lifted his field glasses, scanned the blue lines, stared through the wetness, searched among the flags, the long rows of horsemen, looked for him, thought, Sheridan is there, I should be able to see him. He should make himself seen, face me. He grabbed his sword, yelled a violent sound, felt the cold rising in his chest, looked up, his eyes blinded by the rain. Now he knew what was happening, why the raid had begun in the first place. He felt like God had opened something inside of him, a window into some perfect place, and suddenly he could see with absolute clarity.

  Yes, there was a difference. Sheridan was doing what none of them had done before. The blue horsemen were not moving on Richmond, the prize was not railroad cars and supply lines. He put the glasses down, stared out to the heavy wave of blue, thought, You are coming after... me.

  THROUGH THE SMOKE AND THE RAIN, THEY PUSHED THE LINES back and forth through the muddy fields. When there were no lines, men fought In small bunches, the horses bringing them together, hand-to-hand struggles, sword against sword, pistols blazing into the faces of men you could touch.