by Anita Anand
Singh, Sikander, Udham Singh: A Saga of the Freedom Movement and Jallianwala Bagh, B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 2017
Sohi, Seema, Echoes of Mutiny: Race, Surveillance, and Indian Anticolonialism in North America, Oxford University Press, 2014
Sunami, Sayha, Sunama Da Itihas, Sunam, 1982
Talbot, Ian and Tahir Kamran, Lahore in the Time of the Raj, Viking, 2016
Tickell, Alex, Terrorism, Insurgency and Indian–English Literature 1830– 947, Routledge, 2012
Vashishat, K. C., Shaheed Udham Singh alias Ram Mohammad Singh Azad, 1974
Visram, Rozina, Ayahs, Lascars and Princes, Pluto Press, 1986
Wagner Kim, ‘“Calculated to Strike Terror”: The Amritsar Massacre and the Spectacle of Colonial Violence’, Past & Present, Vol. 233.1, 2016, pp. 185–225
Wagner, Kim, The Amritsar Massacre: India and the Crisis of Empire 1919, Yale University Press, 2018
Wagner, Kim, ‘Savage Warfare: Violence and the Rule of Colonial Difference in Early British Counterinsurgency’, History Workshop Journal, Vol. 85.1, 2018, pp. 217–37
Walton, Calder, Empire of Secrets, Harper Press, 2013
Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh, Ghadr Movement Original Documents Judgements, Vol. 3, Unistar, 2012
Wolmar, Christian, Blood, Iron & Gold: How the Railways Transformed the World, Atlantic Books, 2009
Wolpert, Stanley, Massacre at Jallianwala Bagh, Penguin, 1988
Woodruff, Philip, The Men Who Ruled India, The Guardians, Jonathan Cape, 1954
Wylie, J. A., India at the Parting of the Ways, Lincoln Williams Ltd, 1934
FURTHER READING
Brar, Harpal, Inquilab Zindabad: India’s Liberation Struggle, Harpal Brar, 2014
Condos, Mark, The Insecurity State: Punjab and the Making of Colonial Power in British India, Cambridge University Press, 2017
Dorril, Stephen, Blackshirt Sir Oswald Mosley and British Fascism, Penguin, 2007
Evans, Colin, Murder 2: The Second Casebook of Forensic Detection, Wiley, 2004
Gilmour, Julie F., Trouble on Main Street: Mackenzie King, Reason, Race and the 1907 Vancouver Riots, Allen Lane, 2014
Gwyn, Major General Sir Charles W., Imperial Policing, Macmillan & Co. Ltd, 1936
Lahiri, Shompa, Indians in Britain: Anglo-Indian Encounters, Race and Identity, 1880–1930, Cass, 2000
Madra, Amandeep Singh and Parmjit Singh (eds), Warrior Saints: Four Centuries of Sikh Military History, Vol. 1, Kashi House, 2013
Mount, Ferdinand, The Tears of the Rajas: Mutiny, Money and Marriage in India 1805, Simon & Schuster, 2015
Mukherjee, Janam, Hungry Bengal, War Famine and the End of Empire, Hurst & Company, 2015
Nasta, Susheila with Florian Stadler, Asian Britain, A Photographic History, The Westbourne Press, 2013
O’Halpin, Eunan, Spying on Ireland, Oxford University Press, 2008
O’Malley, Kate, Ireland, India and Empire: Indo–Irish Radical Connections, 1919–64, Manchester University Press, 2009
Page, Ra (ed.), Protest: Stories of Resistance, Comma Press, 2018
Reid, Walter, Keeping the Jewel in the Crown: The British Betrayal of India, Birlinn Ltd, 2016
Sharma, Shalini, Radical Politics in Colonial Punjab: Governance and Sedition, Routledge, 2010
Swinson, Arthur, Six Minutes to Midnight: The Story of General Dyer and the Amritsar Affair, Peter Davis Publishing, 1964
Ter Minassian, Taline, Most Secret Agent of Empire: Reginald Teague-Jones, Master Spy of the Great Game, Hurst & Company Publishers, 2012
Tharoor, Shashi, An Era of Darkness: The British Empire in India, Aleph, 2016
Visram, Rozina, Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History, Pluto Press, 2002
Wagner, Kim, The Great Fear of 1857: Rumours, Conspiracies and the Making of the Indian Uprising, Dev Publishers & Distributors, 2014
Wagner, Kim, The Skull of Amum Bheg: The Life and Death of a Rebel of 1857, Hurst & Company, 2017
Walter, Dierk, Colonial Violence – European Empires and the Use of Force, Hurst & Company, 2017
Wariach, Malwinder Jit Singh, Bhagat Singh’s Jail Note Book, Unistar, 2016
Williams, Stephanie, Running the Show, Penguin Books, 2012
Wilson, Jon, India Conquered, Simon & Schuster, 2016
INDEX
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
Abdulla Baksh, 107
Ahmedabad film fire, 78
ahmimsa, 72
Ainsworth, Hannah, 196–7
Ajit Singh Johal, 231, 235–6, 285, 292
Akalis, 232–4
Akbar Ali Khan, 230
Akbar, Emperor, 26
All India Congress, 291
Alliance Bank, 84
American War of Independence, 68
Amir-Ud-Din, 241–2
Amritsar, 79–88 passim, 100, 189, 309
big festival over, 93
as disaster, 92
full of visitors, 34
gatherings in, 72
and heartened strikers, 75
post-massacre, 127
punishments at, 123–5
splendid loyalty from, 56
strikers heartened in, 75
those gathered in, 72
town planning in, 99
and trains stopped, 94
and travel, 74
Udham returns to, 60
Amritsar Legacy, The (Perkins), 111
Anand, Lala Ishwar Das, 2–3
Andrew, Mr, 130–1
Andrews, C. F., 66, 121, 233–4
Andrews, Sgt, 104
Angelina, 175
Anna, 175
Appleby, Col., 247, 248
Arbuckle, Rosco ‘Fatty’, 169
Army Council, 141
Arthur Brooke tea company, 212
Arthur, Sir George, 188
Asian Exclusion Act, 174
Asiatic Exclusion League, 158
Asquith, Herbert Henry, 22, 143
Assam, 309
Atkinson, Justice, 307
Austria, annexed, 243
Auxiliary Units, 240
Baba Dhanna Singh, 33
Babe Ruth, 167
Bachan Singh, 205–6
Baisakhi, 96, 98, 102
Balliol College, 22–3
Bandi Chhor Divas, 34
Banerjee, Sibnath, 226
Banta Singh, 252–4
Barrackpore, sepoys in, 25, 125
Barronstown, 18
Basanta Kumar Biswas, 50–1
Basra, 160
successful capture of, 59
Udham sent to, 59
Battle of Arras, 239–40
Batukeshwar Dutt, 200
Beaverbrook, Lord, 219
Bengal, 309
and death penalties, 51
extreme nationalists within, 42, 46
partitioning of, 41–2
Bentinck, William, 24
Beynon, Maj. Gen. Sir William, 91, 117, 118
Bhagat Singh, 128–9, 198–202, 297
hanged, 201, 303
Bhai Hoshiar Singh, 203
Bhupinder Singh, 155
Black Acts, men motivated by, 74
Black Hand, 53
Black Sunday, 73, 74
Blackshirts, 218–19
Bloody Sunday, 153
Bloomberg, Philip, 266–7
Bombay, at complete standstill, 75
Bombay Chronicle, 75, 121
Bond, Eunice, see O’Dwyer, Eunice
Border Patrol, US, 161
Borodin, Mikhail, 163
Bow Street court, 278, 284
Bradley, Benjamin Francis, 225, 226, 227
Brahmins, as highest caste, 52
Brazil, Frank, 169–71, 184 (see also
Udham Singh)
Brazil, Mary, 170
‘Brides in the Bath’, 70
Briggs, Capt, 104
British Defence Requirements Committee, 214
Brixton prison, 13, 14, 278, 284, 293
Udham Singh taken from dock to, 278
Brockman, Brig. Gen. D. H. Drake, 120
Broderick, Sir St John, 41
Brooke Bond tea, 212
Brown, Sir Frank, 260, 261, 270
Brust, Harold, 48 bubonic plague enters India, 32
Burke, Thomas Henry, 21
Burra Din, 30, 45
Butcher of Amritsar, The (Collett), 130
Calcutta, 41
government move to Delhi by, 43
California Alien Land Law, 159
Cameron, David, 2
first to visit Jallanwala, 1
Canning, Albert, 288
Canon Row police station, 274
Carberry, Maj., 119, 122
Q&A session, 119–20
Carson, Sir Edward, 143–4
Casement, Sir Roger, 16, 70
Cavendish, Lord Frederick, 21
Cawnpore, 25, 84
Caxton Hall meeting, O’Dwyer’s death in, see O’Dwyer, Sir Michael
Censorship Bureau, 289
Central Jail, 123
Central Khalsa Orphanage, 35–6, 44, 60
Central Legislative Assembly, 200
Chamberlain, Austen, 239
Chamberlain, Neville, 243
Chanchal Singh, 35
Chandni Chowk, 43
Charan Singh Cheema, 230
Chelmsford, Lord, 64, 144
children killed, 116, 118–19
Chimanlal Harilal, Sir, 137
Chimanlal Setalvad, Sir, 138–9
China, plague from, 32
cholera, 32
Churchill, Winston, 2, 9–10, 11, 141, 143
Ciudad Juárez, 160
Civil Lines, 81, 82, 84, 93
Claremont, 164–5
different people in, 166
coal miners’ strike, 154
Collett, Nigel, 130
Collins, Michael, 139, 153
Colvin, Ian, 88
Communist International, 163, 225
Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), 226, 252
Congress Party, 41, 233, 310–11
Cooper, Richard, 25–6
Cope, Thomas, 24–5
Coronation Durbar, 37, 39
Coronation Park., 40
Crampton, Capt, 104
‘Crawling Order’, 123–5
Crippen, Hawley Harvey, 16
Cripps, Stafford, 290
Cross, Stanley William, 11–12, 13, 14–16
blame laid at feet of, 16
Curzon, George Nathaniel, 22, 41–2, 48
Czechoslovakia, 244
Daily Express, 267
Daily Mail, 218
Dane, Louis, 43, 259, 263–4, 266, 268–9, 291
Davis, Bette, 258
December celebrations in India, 30
Defence of India Act, 63, 67, 69–70
Deighton, Det. Insp., 268, 272
Delhi, 37–8
British learn from mistakes in, 76
Calcutta to, 43 droops drafted in to, 39
government move to Calcutta by, 43
ground to halt, then major riot, 72–3
Denham Studios, 223–4
Desh Bhagat-di-jaan (Lives of the Martyrs), 195
Detroit, 172–3
‘Devil’s Wind’, 26, 126
Dickie, Lt, 83
‘Die Hards’, 52, 145, 146, 177
Disorders Inquiry Committee, 136–7
Diwali, 34
Diwan Singh, 231, 232, 233, 282, 285
and hatred of Raj, 234
Douglas Aircraft Company, 169, 172
Doveton, Capt. A. C., 122–3
‘Drum Proclamation’, 99
durbah, 37, 39, 43
Dyer, Brig. Gen. Reginald ‘Rex’, 1–2, 3, 4, 86–8, 89–93, 98–100, 101, 104–7 passim, 123, 127, 138–9, 141, 143–4, 145–6, 149, 179–80
arteriosclerosis suffered by, 148
Beynon backs, 117
and bile for Gandhi, 147
bounds overstepped by, 140
burial of, 186–8
death wish of, 185
Globe article of, 146
and Jallianwala questioning, 138
lack of mercy shown by, 140
later inquiries from, 116
lightning strikes home of, 185
Montague on, 141–2
on the move, 103
nickname of, 4, 89
resignation of, 140–1
spiral, 179–80
straight talking by, 116
stroke and death suffered by, 185–6
and Udham, 127
Dyer, Annie, 148, 149, 185–6
Dyer, Edward, 89–90
Dyer, Geoffrey, 148, 185
Dyer, Ivon, 87–8
Dyer, John, 89
Dyer, Mary, 89–90
Dyer, Phyllis, 185, 188
Dyer, Walter, 146
early school of, 20
Easdon, Dr, 85
East India Association, 259
East India Company, 24, 43, 89
‘Educational Crammers’, 21
Edward VII , 36
El Paso, 160, 161, 166, 168, 182, 193
Elephant Boy, 223–4
Ellis Island, 174
Emberto Es Pecito, 174
Esposito, Umberto, 174–5, 181
Fazal Shah Syed, 241–2
and Singh Azad false name, see Udham Singh
FBI, 294
Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 53
Ferozepur, 56
Finns, 259
firangi, 65
First World War:
Armistice of, 70
great throes, 60
Indians enter, 53
outbreak of, 54, 131
recruits’ ages, 57
UK enters, 53
Fisher (officer), 249–50
Flaherty, Robert J., 224
Fleming, Ian, 240
Fleming, Peter, 240
Foot, Michael, 290
forbidden meets, 25
Francesco, 175
Fraser, Sir Andrew, 42
lucky escapes by, 42
Freedom of Information, 16, 248
Frontier Force Regimental Depots, 87
Gagandeep Singh, 312
Gandhi and the Anarchy (Nair), 178
Gandhi, Mahatma, 20, 41, 62–6, 71–5 passim, 77–9, 137, 138–9, 151, 227, 233, 291, 293, 297
accused of betraying India, 65
accused of Raj’s nightmare, 71
discussion of ban on, 81
Dyer’s bile for, 147
India House pilgrimage by, 47–8
and injustice, 137
train arrest of, 78–9
unofficial parallel inquiry of, 139
and war effort as test of honour, 65
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 175
George V, 36–41 passim
Germany:
and Anglo-German relations, 48–9
if victorious in WW2, 295
O’Dwyer news on, 276
and Ottomans, 58
two government branches in, 215
Ghadar, 49–50
Ghadar-di-Goonj, 195
Ghadar Party, 166, 180, 237, 250, 292
Ghadars, 50, 66–7, 68, 69, 74, 133, 135, 151, 162–3, 164, 165–7, 168, 173, 180, 181–2, 208, 295
banned publications of, 195
in California, 180
California home to, 156–7
contacts within, 172
money required by, 170
propaganda of, 183
request of, to Udham, 209
Udham put to work by, 166
Udham Singh’s message to, 304–5
Ghadr-di-duri, 195
Gian Chand, 107
Globe, 146
Goebbels, Joseph,
3, 276, 277
Goga Singh, 192
Gokhale, Gopal Krishna, see Gandhi, Mahatma
Golden Temple, 1, 34, 100, 101, 102, 127, 155, 232
Governor House, 46, 76
Great Famine, Ireland, 19
Grierson, Dr Hugh, 13–14, 305
Gujranwala, 28, 54, 78, 117, 143
considered rebels, 119
planes take off for, 118
Gulami-di-Jehar (The Poison of Slavery), 195
gunpowder, 25
Gurbachan Singh, 211–12, 213–14, 216, 219, 224, 228, 251
Udham Singh meets, 213
Gurbux Singh, 156, 160, 193
Gurkha, 84
Gurkha solders, 84
UK planes take off for, 118
Guru Arjan, 233
Guru ka Bagh, 233
Guru Nanak, 228
Guru Tegh Bahadur, 233
haakna, 135
Hall Bazaar, 57
Hall Gate, 56–7, 60, 82
Hans Raj, 104
Hanumant Sahay, 246
Har Dayal, 46–7, 48, 49–50, 66–7, 72, 170, 195
death of, 246
disappearance of, 48, 49
Harbour, Dr Arnold, 268
Harbour Boatbuilding Company, 168
Hardinge, Lord, 37, 40, 42–3, 49, 79
bomb injury to, 45–6
secret plan by, 43
Haridwar, 312
Harijan, 291
hartaal, 76
Hasmukh, 232
Hassan Surhawardy, 280, 281
‘Henry, Joe’, 193–4
Herring, Bertha, 262, 264, 273, 306
Highgate, 47–8
high- and low-castes, 31
‘Hindu Bourgeoisie’, 52
Hindu–German Conspiracy, 68, 163
Hindu, Sikhs, Muslim communities, 80
Hinduism:
ancient, 31
festival of lights, 34
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HS RA), 199
Hispanics, 159
Hitler, Adolf, 215, 238, 243, 245
build-up of navy of, 244
Holland, Rev., 308
Home Office, 13
‘Honor Huld’, 281–2
Horniman, Benjamin Guy, 121–2
angry about Carberry, 122
Horniman, Maj. Guy, 121
House of Commons, 177
Humphreys, Travers Christmas, 305
Hunter Commission, 137–8, 139–41, 143, 147, 178, 179
Hunter, Lord William, 136–7
Hutchinson, St John, 305
Hyderabad, nizams, 38
Imperial Crown of India, 40
Indarjit Singh, 232, 235, 282–4
India:
in First World War, 53
government moves from Calcutta to Delhi, 43
votes in wealthiest adults, 145
India House, 47–8
India as I Knew It (O’Dwyer), 177, 180
India Mutiny (1857):
begins of, 23–4 o
open revolt in north, 25
and retribution, 25