The Patient Assassin

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by Anita Anand


  9. TNA MEPO 3/1743 – Statement of Marjorie Usher, witnessed by Detective Sergeant William Bray, ‘A’ Division.

  10. TNA HO/144/21445 – Statements of Crown Prosecution Witnesses on Oath, Sir Frank Brown under cross- examination by the prosecution.

  11. TNA HO/144/21445 – Sir Percy Sykes evidence at the trial of Udham Singh – under oath – cross-examination by Mr McClure of the prosecution.

  12. The Times, 14 March 1940.

  13. TNA MEPO 3/1743 – Statement of Detective Sergeant Sidney Jones, Canon Row Police Station, 16 March 1940.

  14. TNA MEPO 3/1743 – Sidney Jones notebook.

  15. Ibid.

  16. IOR Mss Eur C826 – Copy of transcript of proceedings in the trial, on 4 June 1940, of Udham Singh for the murder of Sir Michael Francis O’Dwyer (1864–1940), Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab 1913–19.

  17. TNA MEPO 3/1743 – Statement of Detective Sergeant Sidney Jones, Canon Row Police Station, 16 March 1940.

  18. Ibid.

  19. Ibid.

  20. Ibid.

  21. Ibid.

  22. Ibid.

  23. Ibid.

  24. Ibid.

  25. Ibid.

  26. Ibid.

  27. Ibid.

  28. Ibid.

  29. Ibid.

  30. TNA MEPO 3/1743 – Metropolitan Police Telegram: 13 March 1940 – distributed 14 March 1940 – From Supt AD – notification of the charging of Udham Singh.

  31. IOR/L/PJ/12/500 – Reactions to the Caxton Hall Outrage, Secret Letter, 29 March 1940.

  32. Script of BBC news bulletin, from Roger Perkins, Amritsar Legacy: Golden Temple to Caxton Hall – The Story of a Killing, Picton, 1989, pp. 15–17.

  33. Script of German 9.15 breaking news and midnight bulletin from Perkins, Amritsar Legacy , op. cit., pp. 17–19.

  34. The Times, 14 March 1940.

  35. Daily Telegraph, 14 March 1940.

  36. Ibid.

  37. Daily Express, 14 March 1940.

  38. Ibid.

  39. Daily Mail, 15 March 1940.

  40. Daily Telegraph, March 1940.

  41. The Times, 14 March 1940.

  42. Daily Mail, 15 March 1940.

  43. Manchester Guardian, 14 March 1940.

  44. Sheffield Telegraph, 14 March 1940.

  45. Script of German a.m. news bulletin, from Roger Perkins, Amritsar Legacy op. cit., pp. 19–22.

  46. Perkins, Amritsar Legacy op. cit., pp. 17–19.

  Chapter 22

  1. MEPO 3/1743 G. R. number 201/MR/1911 – Memo for General Registry of Crime.

  2. Daily Telegraph, 15 March 1940.

  3. TNA PCOM 9/872 – SINGH UDHAM: convicted at Central Criminal Court (CCC) 5 June of murder and sentenced to death – letter from p. L. Dunham to the governor of HM Prison Brixton, 14 March 1940, internal document No. 1012B.

  4. TNA PCOM/872 – Memo from Prison Commission to Undersecretary of State 18/3/40, internal ref p.30623/2.

  5. IOR/L/PJ/12/500, 15 March 1940 – Memo to Denys Pilditch containing Police and Special Branch summary on Udham Singh.

  6. TNA MEPO 3/1743 – List of Property belonging to Mohamed Singh Azad.

  7. IOR/L/PJ/12/500 – Metropolitan Police Special Branch, 15 March 1940 (enclosure in memo to Silver), signed by Inspector Whitehead and G. Gill for Superintendent.

  8. Ibid.

  9. Ibid.

  10. Ibid.

  11. Ibid.

  12. Ibid.

  13. Ibid.

  14. Author interview with Lord Indarjit Singh, December 2016.

  15. Ibid.

  16. Ibid.

  17. Ibid.

  18. TNA HO 144/21445 – Letter to the Superintendent from J. Swain DD Inspector ‘A’ Division Canon Row Police Station, 16 March 1940.

  19. TNA MEPO 3/1743 – Letter from Mohammed Singh Azad to Supt Sands from Brixton Prison, 16 March 1940.

  20. Ibid.

  21. Ibid.

  22. Ibid.

  23. TNA MEPO 3/1743 – Letter from Inspector J. Swain to Superintendent [Sands], 11 April 1940.

  24. Author interview with Jaswant Singh, the nephew of Rattan Singh Azad, an East End salesman who was picked up in Whitechapel the day after the killing.

  25. IOR/L/PJ/12/500 – Secret memo 18/3/40.

  26. Secret memo from Chief Constable Albert Canning, Special Branch, New Scotland Yard, London SW1, 19 March 1940.

  27. IOR/L/P5/12/500 – Secret document – copy of telegram from Secretary of State to Gov. of India, Home Department, no. 1827, 17 April 1940.

  Chapter 23

  1. ‘The India League tragedy “regretted and condemned’ ”, Manchester Guardian, 15 March 1940.

  2. ‘An Insane Act’, Harijan, Vol. 8.7, 23 March 1940, p. 56.

  3. National Herald, 15 March 1940.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Ibid.

  6. Ibid.

  7. Ibid.

  8. Ibid.

  9. IOR/L/PJ/12/500 – Secret Memo dated 8 April 1940 – Udham Singh’s defence – Vickey IPI to Silver.

  10. Ibid.

  Chapter 24

  1. TNA F0371/24205 – Secret Telegram RE: J. C. O’Dwyer, 28 March 1940.

  2. Fresno Bee, 14 March 1940.

  3. ‘Sir Michael was Shot in Back’, Daily Mail, 15 March 1940.

  4. IOR L/P5/12/500, 15 March 1940 – Memo to Silver containing Police and Special Branch summary.

  5. ‘Woman with a Grievance’, Gloucestershire Echo, 11 May 1939.

  6. ‘Pistol Charge’, Manchester Evening News, 11 May 1939.

  7. ‘INDIA : I & My Government’, Time, 2 August 1932; also Calcutta Telegraph, 10 March 1913.

  8. TNA HO 144/ 21445 – Letter of Udham Singh to Kumari (11 February or March 1940).

  9. Ibid.

  10. Ibid.

  11. TNA HO 144/21445 – Letter from M. S. Azad, Brixton Prison, 20 March 1940; also Grewal and Puri, op. cit., pp. 36–41.

  12. Ibid.

  13. Ibid.

  14. TNA HO 144/21445 – Letter from Udham Singh to Kumari via Stockton Gurdwara, 26 March 1940 (signed M. S. A.).

  15. Ibid.

  16. Ibid.

  17. Ibid.

  18. TNA HO/144/21445, Letter from M. S. A., Brixton prison, 30 March 1940; also Grewal and Puri, op. cit., p. 42.

  19. Ibid.

  20. Ibid.

  21. Ibid.

  22. Ibid.

  23. Ibid.

  24. Ibid.

  25. IOR/L/PJ/12/500 – Smuggled letter from ‘Bawa’ to Mr Singh c/o R. Sharman, 20 Cotton Street, Poplar, postmark 3 April 1940.

  26. Ibid.

  27. Ibid.

  28. Ibid.

  29. TNA PCOM 9/872 – Handwritten Memo to Lamb,18 April 1940.

  30. TNA PCOM 9/872 – Memo from prison officer Geoff Watson to the governor of Brixton prison, 23 April 1940.

  31. TNA HO 144/21444 – Minutes from Brixton Prison to prison commissioners for observation, 15 June 1940.

  32. Daily Express, 6 June 1940.

  33. The police later pieced together the ripped fragments, revealing a long incendiary speech Udham had wanted to give in court. Among his papers they also found a diary of sorts. They can be found in TNA PCOM 9/872.

  Chapter 25

  1. ‘Sikhs Hail Return of 1940 Martyr’s Remains to Punjab’, New York Times, 5 August 1974.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Gagandeep Singh speaking about his father, S. Kulbir Singh, president of the Sunam Municipal Council. Interview with the author, December 2016.

  5. Rakesh Kumar, local historian whose work on Udham Singh revealed the fate of his remains. Interview with the author, December 2016.

  6. Ibid.

  BIBLIOGRAPHY

  SOURCE MATERIAL FROM ARCHIVES

  London: The National Archives (TNA); The British Library: India Office Records (IOR); Culture Coverntry Sound Archive (PA)

  TNA: MEPO 3/1743: Murder of Sir Michael Francis O’Dwyer by Udham Singh at Caxton Hall, Westminst
er, on 13 March 1940

  TNA: PCOM 9/872: SINGH UDHAM: convicted at Central Criminal Court (CCC) 5 June of murder and sentenced to death

  TNA: HO 144/21444: CRIMINA L CASES: SINGH, Udham convicted at Central Criminal Court (CCC) on 5 June 1940 for murder and sentenced to death (1940)

  TNA: HO 144/21445: CRIMINAL CASES : SINGH, Udham convicted at Central Criminal Court (CCC) on 5 June 1940 for murder and sentenced to death (1940) part II

  TNA: DPP 2/761: UDHAM, Singh: Murder appeal (1940)

  TNA: DPP 2/728: UDHAM SINGH: Murder (1940)

  TNA: FO 371/24205/165: Indian sedition in the United States: The plot against Sir Michael’s son

  TNA: CRIM 1/113/5: The murder of Sir Curzon Wyllie by an Indian student, Madan Lal Dhingra (1909)

  TNA: J17/634 O’Dwyer vs Nair libel case

  TNA: KV2/2507 Files on Eileen Palmer

  IOR: L/PJ/12/500: Udham or Uday Singh: activities outside India; assassination of Sir Michael O’Dwyer; trial, appeal and execution in London

  IOR: Mss Eur C826: 1940: Udham Singh papers

  IOR: L/PJ/7/1775: The grant of passport endorsements in error by the Vice-Consulate at Dunkirk to Udham Singh who is on the passport stop list

  IOR: V/27/262/9: F. C. Isemonger, and J. Slattery, An account of the Ghadr conspiracy 1913–1915 (1919)

  IOR: L/P&J 12/34 IPI Financial Arrangements

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  PA: 2671/1/50 Nazir Singh Mattu

  New Delhi

  National Archives of India – File No. 77, 1940, HOME Department, Political (Secret) Government of India

  Home – Political B – January 1915, Nos. 278–282, Activities of the Ghadar Party

  Home – Political Deposit – September 1919, No. 31, Total Number of Casualties at the Jallianwala Bagh

  Home – Political Deposit – April 1919, No. 49, Fortnightly Report March 1919

  Home – Political B – June 1919, Nos. 408–431, Daily reports of Punjab Government in connection with the disturbances

  Home – Political Deposit – October 1919, No. 31, Total number of casualties at the Jallianwala Bagh

  Home – Political – 1924, File No. 200/2: O’Dwyer versus Nair

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  Report of the Committee appointed in the Government of India to investigate the disturbances in the Punjab, etc. [and evidence taken before the Disorders Inquiry Committee] (see also Command 681) – London H. M. Stationery Office, 1920

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  Parliamentary Papers (Westminster) Command 534: Reports on the Punjab Disturbances

  The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (CWMG), MK Gandhi: 26 April 1918–April 1919, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 1965, digitised 25 July 2011

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