origin of term 8, 12;
see also dharma; nationalism 64–6, 80, 84, 124, 257, 283–4, 289–90, 322;
reform(-ers) 78–80, 119, 132
see also Ram Mohan Roy; society 90, 94, 97–8, 100, 102–3, 106, 109, 111–12, 114, 127, 132–3, 138, 145–7, 149, 154, 177, 185, 199, 201, 276, 291, 295, 399
Hinduism 27–8, 62–3, 67, 69, 70, 75–6, 78, 80, 84–7, 94, 99, 106, 111, 129–30, 138, 146, 343, 374, 381–2, 389;
banyan image of 6–7, 23, 27, 29, 73, 84, 165, 177, 215, 316, 370–1;
as family of faiths 7;
nature of Ch. 1, 2–8, 13, 16–18, 41, 62, 141, 148, 217–18, 278, 380;
as polycentric 6–7, 16, 27, 41, 73, 76, 123–5, 165–9, 182, 304, 311–12, 328 (Concluding Postscript) 371–5;
and prototype theory 4–5, 379
Hinduness 4, 17, 147, 356
hindutva see Hinduness
Hiraṇyagarbha 59, 61;
see also Brahmā, Prajāpati
Hiriyanna, M. 188
Hirst, J.Suthren 224, 393
history(-iography) 148, 211, Ch. 13, 275, 277–9, 301–2
homology 50
Hooker, R. 155
Hopkins, W. 160
horoscopes 43, 93, 292–3, 298, 399
horse 9–10, 50, 177, 199, 202, 298, 383
horse-sacrifice see aśvamedha
hospitality 111–12, 237
householder see gṛhastha
husband 113–14, 116–20, 238, 249, 287, 291, 295, 298, 400
image(s)/image-worship 64, 82, 116, 130, 166, 173, 176–8, 197, 201–5, 207, 216, 276–7, Ch. 14, 306, 309–19, 324, 328–29, 336–9, 353, 372, 400;
and iconography 315–19;
rationale of 309–11, 323, 339;
see also pūjā and visualization
immortality 40, 44, 47–9, 51, 57, 100, 113–14, 199, 214, 247, 261, 269;
as amṛta 276, 319, 332–3
impurity (ritual) 14, 47, 116, 127, 132–3, 135–7, 202, 301, 314, 325–6, 333, 389, 401
Inden, R. 304
India 6, 9, 12, 15, 23, 77, 80, 82, 84, 87, 106, 119, 131, 136, 138, 147, 176, 303,
(as a sacred land) 309, 381, 392;
as motherland 64–6, 257, 322–23, 333
Indo-Aryan see under Aryan
Indra 34, 38–9, 41, 61, 100, 104, 157, 186, 262, 269
Indus river/region 8, 10, 12, 29, 380–1;
civilization 11, Ch. 2, 29–32, 51, 104, 200, 381–2
Ingalls, Daniel 193
Īśā Upaniṣad see under Upaniṣad
ISKCON 21, 180–1, 194, 284, 381;
see also Hare Krishna
Islam 2, 78, 139, 375, 381;
see also Muslim
iṣṭa-devatā 313, 349
itihāsa see epic(s)
Iyer, R. 141
Jaffrelot, C. 84, 136–8, 140–1
Jaimini 185, 251
Jain(ism) 15, 17, 18, 28, 58, 68, 112, 187, 192, 211, 219, 255, 384–5, 392, 394
Jameson, A.S. 134, 401
Janaka 21, 115, 151
Jasraj, Pandit 315, 385
jāti see under caste
jātrā(s) 171;
see also pilgrimage
Jayadeva 203, 206, 351–2
Jezic, M. 383
jñāna 57–8, 246, 248, 341;
see also knowledge
Johnson, W. 186–7, 191, 392, 394
Jones, Sir William 78
Judaism 2, 109, 375
Juergensmeyer, M. 64
Kabīr 20, 63, 130, 138, 140–1, 363
Kahrs, E. 92, 387
kaivalya 366–7
Kālī see under Goddess
Kālidāsa 197, 208
kali varjya 285, 399
kāma 149, 181, 194–9, 201, 290, 295;
Sūtra 196–7, 203
Kane, P.V. 398
Kangle, R.P. 195
Kāpālika 22, 121
karma 15, 54, 83, 108, 113, 160, 171, 181, 189–90, 210, Ch. 12, 259–72, 277–8, 285, 287, 299, 321, 324, 333–4, 340–1, 345, 347, 352, 364, 366, 369–71, 398, 402;
kriyamāna 266;
prārabdha 265;
saṃcita 266–7, 272, 301, 341;
annulment of 266–8;
see also rebirth
karman 48, 57;
see also action
Karṇa 123–4, 239, 242
Kashi 18, 120, 303–4, 342, 374;
see also Benares
Kāśīrām(a) 169
Kasmiri Śaivism see under Śaivism
Kaṭha Upaniṣad see under Upaniṣad
Kauṭilya 195
Keith, A.B. 56
keśin 51
Killingley, D. 129, 210, 385–6, 389
king 101, 158, 195–6 249, 319 356 396 400
Kinsley, D. 319–22, 332
Klostermaier, K. 3, 125, 311, 342, 398
knowledge 28, 48–9, 52–3, 57–8, 71, 73–6, 86, 89, 90, 96, 124–5, 176–7, 180, 185, 193, 209, 213, 246–7, 294, 310, 336, 340–1, 345, 356, 391;
sense- 125, 201–2, 208–9
Kṛṣṇa (Vasudeva) 17, 21, 63–4, 74–5, 86, 121, 157–9, 161–5, 167, 176, 180–1, 190, 194, 203, 212, 230, 239, 243, 245, 254, 268, 275, 280–5, 316, 318, 330–32, 341, 349–52, 358–62, 364, 368–9, 373, 386, 396, 399, 402
Kṛṣṇalīlā 170;
see also Rāsa Līlā
Kṛttivāsa 168–9, 392
Kṣatriya 103, 105–6, 110–11, 126, 128–9, 149–50, 176–7, 232, 235, 237, 243, 249, 253–4, 393
Kumar, P. 319, 349–50
Kumar, S. 20, 363
Kumbha Melā 257, 332–5
Lakṣhmī see under Goddess
Lal, Vinay 278–9, 398
language 58–9, 63, 92, 94, 184–5, 191, 278, 384;
see also speech, vāc, word
Leslie, I.J. 14, 116–17, 137, 139–40, 142, 145, 390, 392
Levertov, D. 360, 364–5
Levitt, S.H. 391
liberation 51, 54, 71, 95, 149, 182, 185, 190, 201, 224, 264, 277–8, 324, 340, 354, 362, 369–70, 402;
see also mokṣa, salvation
līlā 170, 279–80, 282–3, 328
liga 30, 31, 207, 325
Ligāyat 14, 121, 353, 363, 380;
see also Vīraśaiva
lotus 67, 216, 319, 354–5, 360
lust 116, 181, 194, 237, 244, 271, 282, 402
Lutgendorf, P. 150, 167–8, 170–1, 182, 347, 392
Macdonell, A.A. 36, 382
Madhva 185–6, 279
Mahābhāgavata Purāṇa see under Purāṇa
Mahābhārata (Mbh.) 70–1, 82–3, 118, 123–4, 129, Ch. 8, 148–50, 159, 164–5, 168–9, 172, 176, 229, 232, 238, 243, 329, 358, 373, 390;
storyline 156–9, 391
māhātmya(s) 182–3
mahāyajñas 111–12
Mahiṣāsura, story of 335–6
Manasā see under Goddess
maṇḍala 33, 37–8, 308, 323, 382
Maṇḍana Miśra 198
Māṇḍukya Upaniṣad see under Upaniṣad
Maṇgal(s) 173–4, 272, 322, 369
mantra 42, 66–7, 184, 224, 294, 321, 327, 342, 354, 388, 401;
Dvaya 74, 385
Manu Smṛti 69, 90, 101–3, 105, 108, 111–13, 116–17, 119, 128–9, 138, 253, 258, 388
marriage 97–8, 101, 109, 115–17, 126, 133–5, 144, 177, 286, 296–9, 301;
-advertisements 297–8;
as a saṃskāra 295–6, 298–9
Martin, Nancy 402
Masters, John 320, 400
Materialist(s) 187, 192, 200–1, 394
Matilal, Bimal 187, 253, 258
Mauritius 15, 87, 304
māyā 162, 207, 275, 283;
meanings of 283
Mayer, A. 135, 143–4
McDermott, R. 322, 400
meditation 29, 31, 190, 225, 267, 321, 341, 355, 367
Meghanāda 169
Mehta, Narasimha 141
Michell, G. 308
milkmaids see gopī
Miller, B.S. 205–6
Miller, D.M. 286, 289, 325
Mīmāṃsā 57, 59, 184–5, 191, 251;
Pūrva (Ritualism) 57–9, 70, 184–5, 198, 309–10, 341–2;
Uttara 57, 59, 184;
see also Vedānta
Mīrābāi 121, 361
Mohenjo-daro 29, 30;
see also Indus civilization
mokṣa 4, 54, 83, 120, 173, 181, 185, 194, 196, 261, 290, 315, Ch. 15, 333, 342, 366, 368–70, 401;
see also liberation, salvation
monist(-ism) 17, 86, 185, 341–2, 367
monotheism 39, 41, 56, 74, 78, 278, 312, 343–4, 350
moon 43, 100, 201, 291, 331, 333, 335, 337, 342, 360, 363
mother 37, 65–6, 112, 116, 123, 221, 270, 291–2, 359
Muir, John 84–5
Müller, Max 39
Muslim(s) 12, 16, 18–20, 64, 76–7, 80, 84, 129–31, 160, 211–12, 254, 256, 285, 385;
see also Islam
myth(-ology) 17, 19, 59, 99, 136, 165, 175, 177, 208, 215, 217, 347–8, 350, 369–70, 383, 393
nāda 62–3
Nāga 256–8, 334–5, 397;
see also ascetic
Naipaul, V.S. 325
Nair, P.T. 379
Name, as symbol of deity 63–4, 130, 166–7
naming people/objects in Hinduism 21–22, 53, 59, 97, 140, 292–3
Nammālvār 72, 74, 351
Nārada Bhakti Sūtras 345, 365
Nārāyaṇa 219, 385;
see also under Viṣṇu
narrative (sacred) see epic(s)
Nāyamār(s) 121, 129, 343
nivṛtti 208, 246, 248–9
non-violence 28, 106, 193, 255–6, 352, 366, 397;
see also ahiṃsā
Nyāya 186–8, 191, 210–11, 265, 275, 310
O'Connell, J.T. 19
O'Flaherty, W.D. 48, 175, 182, 207, 357–8, 397
Olivelle, P. 52, 54, 383–4
Olson, C. 165–6, 177
Oṃ 66, 113, 161, 308, 330
One, the 40–1, 54, 56, 83, 155, 200, 342–3, 350, 367, 372, 386
Openshaw, J. 76
orality 27, 33, 37, 148–9, 168, 176, 390
Orr, W.G. 256
Pābūjī 172–4, 205, 392
Padoux, A. 63, 97
Pañcarātra 219, 279, 319, 349, 384
Pandey, R.B. 294, 296
pandit(s) 84–6, 102, 130, 147, 342
Pandya, Varsha 292–4
Panikkar, R. 36–7, 44
Pāṇini 92
pāpa 244–6, 255, 259, 261;
see also sin
Parpola, A. 12, 381–2,
Pārvaī see under Goddess
Pāśupata 219, 267
Patañjali 190–1, 255, 323, 340, 366
pāṭha 170–2, 181–2, 205, 243, 353
patnī 46, 116–17, 123, 242, 296
Patton, L. 33, 41, 43, 45, 382
penance 93, 101–2, 309, 334
phallus 30, 207, 317, 396;
see also liniga
pilgrim(age) 111, 171, 178, 183, 303–4, 309, 325, 333–5, 345;
see also jātrā
Pinch, W.R. 256, 397
‘Plurification’ in the Veda 38–40
pollution see impurity
polycentrism see under Hinduism
‘polymorphism’ 40
possession by preta(s) and spirits 301, 328;
by the deity 311, 328, 344
Prabhupada, Swami 180, 194, 284
Prajāpati 47–9, 59, 61, 385;
see also Brahmā, Hiraṇyagarbha
prakṛti 83, 160–2, 188–91, 206, 250, 269, 271, 324, 366, 368, 392
pramāṇa 75, 85, 185, 187
prapatti 362
prasāda 44, 314–15, 329, 338, 400
pravṛtti 199, 205, 208, 246, 248–9
prayer 35–7, 64, 66–7, 199, 204, 214, 315, 357;
see also worship
preta 127, 267, 301
pūjā 44, 58, 276, 292, 313–15, 336, 342, 353;
see also image-worship
Purāṇa(s) 59, 72–3, 78, 82, 148, 167, 170, Ch. 9, 175–83, 185, 302, 343, 369, 393;
list of 175–6;
Agni 176–7;
Bhāgavata 74–5, 164, 180–2, 194, 86, 262, 280, 282–4, 316, 351–2, 358, 361, 369, 373, 393;
Brahmāṇḍa 60;
Brahmavaivarta 324, 368;
Bṛhaddharma 73, 178;
Devī-Bhāgavata 335;
Mahābhāgavata 73, 178;
Mārkaṇḍeya 183;
Matsya 165, 179–80;
Śiva 181–2, 393;
Skanda 18;
Vāmana 393;
Vāyu 183;
Viṣṇu 276, 355
purity (ritual) 98, 101, 103, 105, 107–9, 115, 126, 129–30, 132–3, 171, 202, 244, 247, 326
puruṣa (see also spirit) 100, 103, 155, 160, 188–91, 206, 250, 265, 324, 340, 366, 394, 396
puruiṣārtha(s) 194–5, 290
Rādhā 121, 165, 203, 285, 316, 349, 351, 360–1, 364, 399
Radhakrishnan, S. 4, 85–6, 186, 220, 251, 388
Rādhāsoamī(s) 4–5, 379
Raikva, story of 68–9
rajas, see also guṇa(s) 179–80, 189, 324, 352, 394
rājasūya ritual 230, 232–3, 238, 249
Rām(a) 17, 20–21, 71, 86, 121, Ch. 8, 149, 151–5, 165–72, 211, 280, 316, 330, 332, 338, 351, 391–2
Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 80, 186, 219, 223, 266, 322, 328, 352
Raman, S. 362
Ramana Maharshi 222–3, 266, 268, 326
Rāmānanda (-din) 165–6
Rāmānuja 22, 60–1, 95, 179, 185–6, 213–14, 219–20, 225, 251, 270–1, 277, 279, 283, 342, 348, 355, 391
Ramanujan, A.K. 168, 204, 353, 359, 363
Rāma-rājya 153, 211–12
Rāmāyaṇa (Rā.) 71, 114, Ch. 8, 148–50, 154–6, 165–9, 172, 176, 211, 338, 373, 389–93;
composition of 150–1;
story of 151–3, 391
Rāmcaritmānas 121, 155, 166–8, 170–2, 182, 392
Rām-janma-bhūmi dispute 211
Rāmlīlā 170–1
Ram Mohan Roy 77–80, 83, 87, 119, 131–2, 146–7, 210, 258, 386, 389
Ramprasad Sen 322, 357
rasa 206, 281–2
Rāsa Līlā 280–2, 285, 361
rationality see reason
Rāvana 151–4, 167, 169, 172, 332, 338, 359
Ravidās 63–4
reason (use of) 78, 84–6, 131–2, 147, 186–7, 192–3, 209–13, 217, 250–1, 278, 397
rebirth 3, 5, 15, 44, 49, 51, 54, 57, 83, 108, 111, 141, 160, 189, 210, 252, Ch. 12, 259–72, 292, 301, 321, 340–1, 345, 347, 366, 370–1, 398, 402
recitation of text see pāṭha
reincarnation see under rebirth
renouncer(s) 14, 111, 113, 286, 299–300;
see also saṃnyāsin
renunciation 51, 53–4, 58, 113, 199, 208, 248–9, 261, 287, 341
g Veda see under Veda
Richman, P. 168
rites of passage 70, 87, 97–8, 116, Ch. 13, 291;
see also saṃskāras
ritual (and rites) 12, 13, 58, 64, 87, 97, 105–6, 110–12, 114, 173, 176, 180, 280, 292, 299, 310, 321, 324, 328, 342, 354;
Vedic 32–4, 36, 38, 41–3, 45–51, 53, 57–8, 60, 66, 68, 70, 77, 92–5, 97, 100, 105, 111–12, 114, 116, 150–1, 184–5, 191, 194, 201, 214, 230, 253, 260–1, 278, 306, 333, 379, 383 (see also yajña)
Robinson, J.D. 336
Rocher, L. 102, 183
Roop Kanwar 119–20, 122
ṛṣi(s) 33, 44–5, 59, 70–1, 76, 82, 85, 89, 112, 176, “ 269, 296, 311, 347, 359
ṛta 35, 100, 248
Rudra 34, 38, 41, 51, 316
Rūpa Gosvāmī 399
Sachau, E.C. 4, 380
sacred thread 97–8, 101, 106–7, 133, 294–5, 388
sacrifice 34, 38, 41, 45–6, 54, 100,
112, 114, 117, 163, 200, 254, 296;
see also ritual
sage(s) see ṛṣi
Saha, S. 130
Sahasra-nāma(s) 329–30, 346, 353
Śaiva Siddhānta 71–2, 74, 129, 192, 373, 398
Śaivism 129–30, 211, 256, 313, 316, 346;
Kashmiri 63;
Tantric 384–5
Śākta, see also śakti 88, 112, 121, 190, 192, 224, 255, 313, 319, 321, 324–5, 346
śakti 61–2, 88, 97, 193, 304, 319, 327, 335–6, 349, 373
śālagrāma 325–6
salvation 4–5, 54, 64, 70, 73, 87, 95, 160, 163, 166, 181, 192, 216, 246, 270–1, 284–5, 303, 325, 345, 358, 370;
see also liberation, mokṣa
Samanta, Suchitra 314–15, 400
Śaṃkara 52–3, 59, 78, 95, 185–6, 193, 198–9, 209, 213, 221, 247–8, 268, 310, 340–1, 387
Sāṃkhya 179, 188–92, 206, 219, 250, 269, 271, 366, 394
saṃnyāsin 14, 112–14, 257, 286, 397;
see also renouncer(s)
saṃsāra 262–3, 266, 268–9, 276, 287, 314, 330, 333, 370, 402
saṃskāras Ch. 13, 290–5, 299, 301, 309;
see also rites of passage
Sanderson, A. 267, 321, 324, 354, 368, 385, 398
Sanskrit 8–9, 13, 17, 19, 32–3, 58–9, 63–5, 66–7, 79, 82, 85, 89, 91–2, 95, 102, 136, 165, 167, 170, 179, 182, 292, 399
Sanskitization 8, 13, 62–3, 87, 131, 142, 145, 173–4, 344
Sant(s) 63, 129–31, 138, 141, 166–7, 328, 343, 359
Sarasvati (Goddess) see under Goddess
Sarasvati (river) 10–12, 31, 333, 380
Sargeant, W. 392
Sastry, A.M. 249
Sastry, R.A. 329
sattva see also guṇa(s) 179–80, 189, 324, 352
satyāgraha 218
Satyakāma Jābāla, story of 128
Sāvitṛ 35, 38–9, 67
Sāvitrī, story of 287–9, 296
Schweig, G. 280–2
science 17–18, 83, 99
scripture(s) 27–8, 57–8, 75–6, 79, 81, 83, 85, 89, 90, 99, 173, 187, 191, 194, 209, 213, 280, 347, 353, 366, 373
Seely, C. 169, 392
self/Self 44, 47, 51, 53–4, 61, 81, 83, 160, 190–1, 196, 201, 222–3, 266, 356, 386;
nature of human self 160–1, 188–9, 269–71, 328;
see also ātman
Sen, D. 169
sex(-uality) 121–2, 126, 137, 196–9, 201–3, 207–8, 216, 243, 262, 276, 282, 286–7, 289, 291, 295, 298, 320, 325, 361, 399
Sharma, A. 119
Sharma, C. 187, 394
Shaw, J.L. 187
Shaw, Julia 211
Shuddhi 139
Sikhism 1, 17–18, 131, 219, 385
silence vis-à-vis sūtra 96
sin 36, 71, 163, 181, 213, 246, 248, 292, 324, 326, 333, 396–7, 401;
see also pāpa
Singh, K.S. 142
Singleton, M. 257, 401
Śiśupāla 358
Sītā 151–4, 165–7, 171–2, 332, 338, 349
Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (The Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices) Page 74