Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (The Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices)

by Julius Lipner

  Śītalā see under Goddess

  Śiva 18–19, 31, 34, 71, 73, 82, 167, 174, 179–82, 190, 204, 206–7, 215–17, 262, 304–5, 312–13, 316–18, 320–21, 323, 325, 330, 335, 343, 349, 353, 359, 363;

  -Naṭarāja 216, 293

  Skanda Purāṇa see under Purāṇa

  Skora, K.M. 202

  Smith, J.D. 150–1, 157, 389, 391–2

  Smith, W.C. 7, 379

  Smith, W.L. 173–4, 344

  smṛti 70, 75–6, Chs. 5–6, 88–90, 92–3, 147, 160, 169–71, 182, 387, 392

  snake(s) 173–4, 177, 320, 326, 343

  society see under Hindu

  Soma 34, 37–9, 43, 156, 382–3, 391

  space 100, 189, 200, Ch. 14, 303–4, 306, 314, 332, 372, 374

  speech 45, 52, 58, 63, 65, 91–2, 94, 100, 184, 201;

  see also language, vāc, word

  sphota 61–2

  spirit/Spirit 4, 66, 81, 113, 160–2, 188, 200–2, 209, 219, 222, 263, 265, 269–71, 300, 339, 341, 366–7, 398;

  see also puruṣa, ātman

  śrāddha 111, 201, 267, 301

  śramaṇa(s) 51

  Śrauta Sūtras 93, 105, 387–8

  Śrī see under Goddess

  Śrī Vaiṣṇava see under Vaiṣṇava

  śruti 45, 70, 75–6, 79–81, 88–90, 98, 160, 169, 209, 384

  von Stietencron, H. 3

  Strathern, A. 134

  Studholme, A. 388

  Śūdra 68–70, 72, 81, 87, 103, 105, 107–9, 116, 121, 128, 133, 137, 140, 196, 256, 290–1

  sun 18, 34–6, 39–41, 50, 99, 100, 200–1, 315, 327, 333, 342, 355, 385,

  see also Sūrya; eclipse of 275–6

  Surdās 63, 359

  Sūrya 35, 38–40, 385;

  see also sun

  suttee 79, 106, 117–20, 255, 269, 389

  sūtra, nature of 94–7

  svarga 44, 262, 369;

  see also heaven

  Śvetaketu 53

  Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad see under Upaniṣad

  Swaminarayan(s) 76–7, 180–1, 223

  Sweetman, W. 379

  Tagore, Rabindranath 204–5, 297

  Tahtinen, U. 397

  Taittirīya Upaniṣad see under Upaniṣad

  tamas see also guṇa(s) 179–80, 189, 247, 324, 352

  Tantra(s) 62–3, 67, 72–3, 76, 78, 82, 88, 97, 112, 121, 130, 178–9, 190, 192, 202, 224, 255, 267, 270, 279, 283, 289, 318, 321–5, 340, 342–3, 346, 354, 362, 367, 374, 381, 384–5, 400–1

  tapas 217, 287–9, 305, 334, 399

  tat tvam asi ethic 81, 356, 386;

  teaching of 53

  teacher 53, 67, 74, 102, 106, 109–10, 128, 199, 201, 221, 295, 330, 334, 353;

  see also guru

  temple 20, 64, 82, 89, 142–3, 170, 173, 177–8, 181, 197, 204–7, 220, 276, 293, 305–9, 311–13, 315, 328, 335, 343, 353–4, 361;

  in Bhubaneshwar 325;

  at Tanjore 307;

  at Tirupati 307–8, 329

  Thapar, R. 77, 307

  tiger 30

  time 48, 63, 100, 156, 189, 255, Ch. 13, 275, 277, 301, 314, 321, 332, 372, 396;

  cycles of see under yuga;

  and devouring 275

  Timm, G. 75

  tolerance (religious) 196, 212, 217, 219;

  and caste 220

  truth 74, 83, 86, 100, 110, 128–9, 179, 185, 187, 191, 212–15, 217–19, 255, 330

  Tukārām 138

  Tulsīdās 121, 155, 166–8, 171, 392

  ‘twice-born’ 106–7, 109, 114, 127, 129, 142, 262, 290, 294–6

  ucchiṣṭa 44, 46, 314, 400

  Untouchable(-ility) 14, 63, 87, 107, Ch. 7, 127, 130, 134–9, 142–3, 146, 165, 173, 220, 225, 258, 291, 300, 389;

  see also dalit; origin-myths of 136;

  and occupation 140, 144;

  Sanskrit terms for 136–7

  Upadhyay, Brahmabandhab 4, 15, 108, 118, 322–3, 397

  Upaniṣad(s) 4, Ch. 3, 50–7, 62, 68, 78–9, 81–2, 86, 94, 100, 176, 185, 190, 200–1, 220, 245, 259–61, 343, 355, 384;

  Bṛhadāraṇyaka 50, 54–5, 59, 115, 151, 176, 201, 209, 214, 259, 340, 384, 389, 367, 397;

  Chāndogya 53, 56, 68, 81, 128, 176, 201, 259, 262, 279;

  Īśā 54–5;

  Kaṭha 55, 202, 247;

  Maitrī 113;

  Māṇḍukya 66, 96, 385;

  Śvetāśvatara 55, 202, 259, 316, 330, 343, 396;

  Taittirīya 53–5

  Uṣas (dawn) 32, 36–7, 40

  Utilitarian(-ism) 79, 386

  vāc 45, 47, 59;

  see also language, speech, word

  vāhana 318, 326, 337–8, 351

  Vaiśeṣika 187–8, 191, 211, 275

  Vaiṣṇava(s) 21, 112, 129–30, 150, 160, 179–80, 211, 221, 256, 280, 313, 315, 329, 346, 364–5, 369;

  Gauḍīya 19, 203, 212, 282, 284, 319, 357, 399;

  Śrī 22, 72, 74, 179, 311–12, 319, 359, 362, 372–3, 385;

  Tantric 349, 384–5;

  Vaikhānasa 310

  Vaiśya 103, 105–6, 110, 121, 129

  Vallabha 74–5, 186, 373

  Vālmīki 21, 148, 153, 165–8, 338, 390, 392

  Vande Mātaram (song, slogan) 65–6, 257

  varṇa see under caste

  Varuṇa 35–9, 41, 100, 248

  vātsalya see under bhakti

  Vattanky, John 187

  Veda(s) 3–5, 8–11, 16, Chs. 2–4, 28–9, 32–3, 39, 42, 51, 53–5, 57–9, 61, 70–80, 82–7, 89, 91–3, 95, 100, 105, 107, 109–10, 113, 115–16, 128, 148, 155, 161, 167–8, 172–3, 176–7, 179–80, 182–4, 187, 192–3, 201, 203, 210–11, 219, 248, 384, 254, 258, 277, 291, 295, 329, 371, 373, 387–8, 397;

  g 10–12, Ch. 2, 32–5, 38, 41–2, 44–5, 49, 51, 55, 60, 66, 82, 100, 104–5, 248, 259, 316, 342, 372, 379, 382, 387, 396, 401;

  Sāma 42, 45, 49, 56, 383, 387;

  Yajur 42, 45, 49, 55, 383, 387;

  Atharva 32, 42, 45, 49, 51, 56, 60, 110, 176, 294, 384;

  ‘alternative Veda’ Ch. 4, 70–5, 172, 177, 179, 192, 373–4;

  eternity of 58–61;

  Tamil 72, 74

  Vedāga(s) Ch.5, 91–4

  Vedānta(-in) 4–5, 55–8, 60–1, 69–70, 72, 74, 77, 81, 86, 95, 166, 185–6, 210–11, 246–8, 283, 340,

  see also under Mīmāṃsā; in modern times 79–81, 131, 186

  Vedānta Deśika 186, 385

  Vedic culture 31–2, 34, 38, 47, 62, 68–70, 94, 112, 114, 127, 178–9, 255, 352

  Vesci, U.M. 384

  vidyā 246–8

  violence 106, 150, 163, 218, 254–6

  Vīraśaiva 204, 380;

  see also Ligāyat

  viśeṣa 187–8, 394

  Viṣṇu 4–5, 18–19, 21, 34, 71, 73, 151, 154, 167, 176, 180, 185, 262, 276, 279, 284, 315–16, 319–20, 325–6, 329–33, 335, 343, 349–51, 355, 359, 362, 385;

  -Nārāyaṇa 180, 185, 311–12, 355, 372–3;

  as Sri Balaji 307–8, 311, 315, 400

  visualization of deity 323–4, 354–5

  Vivekananda, Swami 80–1, 147, 186, 338, 386, 394

  vow(s) 111, 116, 176, 178, 287–9, 309, 334, 345

  Vrātya 51

  Vrindaban 120, 280, 332

  Vyas, N. 300–1

  vyūha 349–50, 385

  water 29, 35, 37, 39, 99, 100–1, 123, 200, 300, 308, 319, 329

  Weiss, M.G. 269

  Wertz, D.C. 286, 289, 325

  Whaling, F. 166, 391

  Wheeler, M. 30

  Whicher, I. 191, 340, 394

  White, D. 323, 385

  widow(s) 79, 118–20, 297

  wife 45, 62, 89, 111, 113–14, 116–20, 123, 237–8, 255, 270, 289, 298, 388, 400;

  see also patnī, Sāvitrī

  Williams, R.B. 181

  Witzel, M. 32–4, 42, 44, 47, 50–1, 379, 382–3, 387

  women 41, 47, 62, 70, 82, 101, 114–22, 127–8, 165, 177, 196, 208, 223, 245, 253, 258, 262, 270–1, 287, 290, 295, 313, 324–5, 335, 339
;

  see also strī-dharma

  word 27–8, 33, 58, 92, 97, 185;

  see also language, speech, vāc; as creative 45, 59, 60–3, 216, 279

  world, origin of 60–3, 100–1, 176, 279

  worship 30, 41, 64, 79, 86, 124, 162–3, 165, 173, 179, 183, 204, 206, 292, 309, 311–12, 314, 322–9, 335, 338–9, 341, 345, 352, 354, 358, 363, 372–3, 400;

  domestic 313–4;

  image-see under image

  yajña 33, 41, 45–7, 57, 70, 83, 87, 93, 103, 154, 305, 340–2;

  see also (Vedic) ritual

  Yājñavalkya 115, 151, 201, 209, 259, 389

  Yājñavalkya Smṛti 102, 118, 255

  Yama 44, 181, 247, 262, 288, 326;

  see also death

  Yamuna 29, 32, 156, 165, 280, 316, 333, 360

  Yāska 92

  yoga 31, 49, 82, 180, 190–2, 200, 219, 255, 281–2, 323, 339–41, 391, 401;

  see also Patañjali;

  ‘Integral’ 186;

  postural 191

  yogi 20, 190, 263, 340, 366–7, 381, 397

  yoni 31, 207, 325, 396

  Young, R.F. 85, 387

  Yudhiṣṭhira 157–9, 229–31, 233–43, 249–50, 329

  yuga(s) 156, 179–80, 189, 276–7, 333, 351,

  (see also time);Dvāpara 156, 276;

  Kali 156, 276, 284–5, 398;

  Satya 276–7;

  Tretā 276

  Zaehner, R.C. 3, 5, 245, 268, 391

  Zimmer, H. 276