by Peter Hart
3. IWM DOCS: A V Conn, Typescript account
4. IWM DOCS: D. Starrett, Typescript account, pp. 48–9
5. IWM DOCS: A. V Conn, Typescript account
6. D. Haig, diary entry 4/4/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
7. H. Rawlinson quoted in R. Prior & T. Wilson, Command on the Western Front, p. 149
8. D. Haig, diary entry 27/6/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
9. IWM DOCS: A. Home, Typescript diary, 22/6/1916
10. D. Haig, diary entry 17/6/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
11. IWM DOCS: B. S. Philpotts Collection: F. H. Aincham, Typescript account
12. IWM DOCS: W. H. Bloor, Typescript diary, 23/6/1916
13. J. E. Edmonds, History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916, p. 283
14. IWM DOCS: S. W. Appleyard, Transcript diary, p. 57
15. IWM DOCS: F. L. Cassel, Typescript account
16. IWM DOCS: R. Stockman, Typescript memoir
17. Ibid.
18. T. Snow, quoted in J. E. Edmonds, History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916, p. 460
19. IWM DOCS: W T. Colyer, Manuscript account, ‘War Impressions’
20. IWM DOCS: C. Carter, Typescript account, Pt 3, pp. 2–3
21. IWM SOUND: N. M. Dillon, AC 9752, Reel 7
22. IWM DOCS: D. N. Menaud-Lissenburg, Typescript memoir, pp. 168–9
23. IWM SOUND: M. S. Cleeve, AC 7310, Reel 2
24. Ibid., Reel 3
25. Ibid., Reel 2
26. IWM DOCS: D. N. Menaud-Lissenburg, Typescript memoir, pp. 180–1
27. IVM DOCS: C. C. May, Typescript diary, 16/6/1916
28. IWM SOUND: L. G. Ounsworth, AC 332, Reel 4
29. N. Fraser-Tytler, Field Guns in France (London: Hutchinson & Co, 1922), pp. 73–4
30. IWM DOCS: A. L. Atkins, Typescript letter, pp. 25–6
31. IWM DOCS: W. P. Nevill, Edited from manuscript letters, 16/6/1916, 18/6/1916 & 22/6/1916
32. IWM DOCS: D. N. Menaud-Lissenburg, Typescript memoir, p. 178
33. IWM DOCS: W. H. Bloor, Typescript diary, 24/6/1916
34. IWM DOCS: C. G. Lawson, Typescript letters, 24/6/1916
35. IWM DOCS: R. G. Ingle, Typescript diary, 24/6/1916
36. IWM DOCS: C. C. May, Typescript diary, 25/6/1916
37. IWM DOCS: W. H. Bloor, Typescript diary, 25/6/1916
38. IWM DOCS: D. N. Menaud-Lissenburg, Typescript memoir, pp. 168–9
39. IWM DOCS: W. H. Bloor, Typescript diary, 26/6/1916
40. Diary quoted in T. Chalmers, History of the 15th Battalion, The Highland Light Infantry (Glasgow: John McCallum & Co, 1934), p. 68
41. Ibid.
42. IWM DOCS: F. L. Cassel, Typescript account
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. IWM DOCS: H. C. Rees, A Personal Record of the War, 1915–1916–1917’
47. IWM DOCS: W T. Colyer, Manuscript account, ‘War Impressions’
48. Ibid.
49. IWM DOCS: R. G. Ingle, Typescript diary, 25/6/1916
50. IWM SOUND: R. Miller, AC 11961, Reel 4
51. IWM DOCS: C. C. May, Typescript diary, 28/6/1916
52. Ibid., 29/6/1916
53. IWM SOUND: H. Tansley, AC 13682, Reel 1 (Recorded for BBC Radio 4, A Summer Day on the Somme, broadcast 27/6/1976)
54. IWM DOCS: E. B. Lord, Typescript account, p. 16
55. IWM DOCS: A. L. Atkins, Typescript letter, p. 29
56. C. W. Wood, quoted in The Robin Hoods: 117th, 217th and 3/7th Battalions, Sherwood Foresters (Nottingham: J. & H. Bell Ltd, 1921), p.201
57. D. Haig, diary entry 30/6/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
58. W. D. Allen quoted in O. Rutter, The History of the Seventh (Service) The Royal Sussex Regiment (London: Times Publishing Company, 1934), p. 83
59. IWM DOCS: D N. Menaud-Lissenburg, Typescript memoir, p. 182
60. IWM DOCS: W. T. Colyer, Manuscript account, ‘War Impressions’
61. Ibid.
62. IWM SOUND: A. Irwin, AC 211
63. IWM DOCS: W. P. Nevill, Manuscript letter, 18/6/1916
64. J. Engall, ‘A Farewell letter, 30/6/1916’, The New Chequers (The Journal of the Friends of Lochnagar), No. 4, pp. 24–5
65. IWM DOCS: C. C. May, Typescript diary, 17/6/1916
66. IWM DOCS: E. C. Crosse, Typescript diary, 4/7/1916–5/7/1916
67. N. Hodgson, Poem: Before Action, 30/6/1916
68. IWM DOCS: E. C. Crosse, Typescript manuscript, ‘The History of the Chaplains’ Department in the War, 1914–1918’, pp. 62–3
69. Diary quoted in T. Chalmers, History of the 15th Battalion, p. 69
4 1 July 1916
1. IWM DOCS: C. C.May, Typescript diary, 1/7/1916
2. H. Baumber, ‘The Grimbsy Chums’, The New Chequers, p.9
3. IWM DOCS: W. T. Colyer, Manuscript account, ‘War Impressions’
4. Ibid.
5. IWM SOUND: A. Irwin, AC 211
6. A. W. Andrews (edited by S. Richardson), Orders are Orders: A Manchester Pal on the Somme (Manchester: Neil Richardson, 1987), p. 48
7. IWM DOCS: W A. Vignoles, Typescript manuscript, p. 81
8. F. Hawkings, From Ypres to Cambrai: The 1914–1919 Diary of Infantryman Frank Hawkings (Morley: Elmfield Press, 1974), p. 97
9. IWM DOCS: W. A. Vignoles, Typescript manuscript, pp. 79–82
10. IWM SOUND: B. Farrer, AC 9552, Reel 13
11. IWM SOUND: A. Hurst, AC 11582, Reel 7
12. A. W. Andrews (edited by S. Richardson), Orders are Orders, p. 48
13. National Army Museum: F. W. Jacobs, Typescript account, ‘In the Third Hun Trenches’
14. IWM DOCS: S. W. Appleyard, Transcript diary, p. 59
15. IWM DOCS: H. Russell, Typescript manuscript, p. 6
16. IWM DOCS: A. Schuman, ‘Memoirs’, p. 4
17. F. Hawkings, From Ypes to Cambrai, pp. 97–8
18. National Army Museum: F. W. Jacobs, Typescript account, ‘In the Third Hun Trenches’
19. D. G. C. Hawker, quoted in J. Q. Henriques, The War History of the 1st Battalion Queen’s Westminster Rifles, 1914–1918 (London: Medici Society, 1923), pp. 100–101
20. J. H. Foaden, quoted in F. Maurice, The History of the London Rifle Brigade, 1859–1919 (London: Constable, 1921), p. 141
21. R. F. Ebbetts, Ibid., p. 143
22. D. G. C. Hawker, quoted in J. Q. Henriques, The War History of the 1st Battalion Queen’s Westminster Rifles, p. 101
23. Ibid., pp. 101–2
24. R. E. Petley, quoted in F. Maurice, The History of the London Rifle Brigade, p. 145
25. V. W. F. Dickins, quoted in C. A. Cuthbert Keeson, The History and Records of Queen Victoria’s Rifles, 1792–1922 (London: Constable, 1923), p. 162
26. IWM DOCS: S. W. Appleyard, Transcript diary, p. 59–60
27. IWM DOCS: S. A. Newman, Manuscript account
28. C. C. Dickens, quoted in O. F. Bailey & H. M. Hollier, The Kensingtons: 13th London Regiment (London: Regimental Old Comrades Association, 1935), p. 77
29. W. R. Smith, quoted in, 500 of the Best Cockney War Stories (London: London Evening News), p. 49
30. IWM SOUND: P. Neame, AC 48, Reel 5
31. IWM DOCS: A. Schuman, ‘Memoirs’, p. 4
32. H. C. Sparks, quoted in . J. H. Lindsay, The London Scottish in the Great War (London: Regimental Headquarters, 1925), p. 114
33. G. F. Telfer, quoted in C. A. Cuthbert Keeson, The History and Records of Queen Victoria’s Rifles, p. 169
34. J. H. Foaden, quoted in F. Maurice, The History of the London Rifle Brigade, pp. 141–2
35. R. E. Petley, pp. 146–7
36. IWM DOCS: A. Schuman, ‘Memoirs’, p
p. 4–5
37. National Army Museum: F. W Jacobs, Typescript account, ‘In the Third Hun Trenches’
38. S. J. M. Sampson, quoted in C. A. Cuthbert Keeson, The History and Records of Queen Victoria’s Rifles, p. 166
39. IWM DOCS: H. C. Rees, ‘A Personal Record of the War, 1915–1916–1917’
40. IWM SOUND: A. V Pearson, AC 13680, Reel 1 (Recorded for BBC Radio 4, A Summer Day on the Somme)
41. IWM SOUND: F. Raine, AC 9751, Reel 7
42. IWM SOUND: R. Glenn, AC 13082
43. IWM SOUND: D. E. Cattell, AC 13673, Reel 1 (Recorded for BBC Radio 4, A Summer Day on the Somme)
44. IWM SOUND: A. S. Durrant, AC 13675, Reel 1 (Recorded for BBC Radio 4, A Summer Day on the Somme)
45. IWM DOCS: H. C. Rees, ‘A Personal Record of the War, 1915–1916–1917’
46. IWM DOCS: W. T. Colyer, Manuscript account, ‘War Impressions’
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid.
50. J. E. Edmonds, History of the Great War, Military Operations, Frame and Belgium, 1916, fn, p. 431
51. IWM DOCS: D. N. Menaud-Lissenburg, Typescript memoir, pp. 182–3
52. IWM SOUND: G. Ashurst, AC 9875, Reel 15 & 16
53. Ibid.
54. IWM DOCS: D. N. Menaud-Lissenburg, Typescript memoir, p. 183
55. IWM SOUND: G. Ashurst, AC 9875, Reel 15 & 16
56. National Army Museum: J. L. Stewart-Moore, Typescript account, p. 35
57. Lt. Col. A. Ricardo, quoted in C. Fall, The History of the 36th (Ulster) Division (Belfast: McCaw, Stevenson & Orr Ltd, 1922), p. 52
58. IWM DOCS: D. Starrett, Typescript account, pp. 64–5
59. F. P. Crozier, A Brass Hat in No Man’s Land (London: Jonathan Cape, 1930), pp. 104–5
60. IWM DOCS: D. Starrett, Typescript account, pp. 64—5
61. Ibid., pp. 65–6
62. IWM DOCS: W.J. Grant, Manuscript account, ‘Diary of D Battery, 154th Brigade of 36th (Ulster Division) RFA in the Great War’
63. IWM DOCS: J. L. Jack, Typescript memoir, pp. 5–6
64. B. Meadows, quoted in J. W Arthur & I. S. Munro, The Seventeenth Highland Light Infantry (Glasgow: David J. Clark, 1920), p. 45
65. IWM DOCS: J. L. Jack, Typescript memoir, pp. 5–6
66. B. Meadows, quoted in J. W. Arthur & I. S. Munro, The Seventeenth Highland Light Infantry, p. 45
67. Ibid., p. 46
68. Ibid., pp. 46–7
69. IWM DOCS: F. L. Cassel, Typescript account
70. Ibid.
71. von Soden orders of 1/7/1916, quoted in J. E. Edmonds, History of the Great War, note, p. 423
72. F. P. Crozier, A Brass Hat in No Man’s Land, pp. 109–110
73. IWM SOUND: H. Tansley, AC 13682, Reel 1 (Recorded for BBC Radio 4 A Summer Day on the Somme)
74. Ibid.
75. IWM SOUND: A. Hanbury-Sparrow, AC 4131, Reel 1
76. H. Baumber, ‘The Grimbsy Chums’, The New Chequers, No. 2, p. 9
77. J. Maw, The New Chequers, No. 9, p. 54
78. IWM SOUND: C. Lewis, AC 4162, Reel 1
79. H. Baumber, ‘The Grimbsy Chums’, The New Chequers, No. 2, p. 9
80. IWM SOUND: A. Dickinson, AC 13674, Reel 1 (Recorded for BBC Radio 4 A Summer Day on the Somme)
81. Ibid.
82. IWM DOCS: W. A. Vignoles, Typescript manuscript, pp. 77 & 84
83. J. H. Turnbull, The New Chequers, No. 1, p. 10
84. H. Baumber, ‘The Grimbsy Chums’, The New Chequers, No. 2, pp. 9–10
85. H. Beaumont, ‘Memories of the Somme Offensive’, The New Chequers, No. 9, pp. 46–7
86. IWM SOUND: C. Lewis, AC 4162, Reel 1
87. J. H. Turnbull, The New Chequers, No. 1, p. 11
88. Ibid.
89. D. H.James, ‘My Recollections’, The New Chequers, No. 5, pp. 25–6
90. A. E. Fitzgerald orders of 25/6/1916 quoted in J. E. Edmonds, History of the Great War, p. 350
91. R. Gee, ‘In case I cannot write again’, The New Chequers, No. 2, pp 20–21
92. Ibid.
93. IWM DOCS: E. C. Crosse, Typescript manuscript, ‘The History of the Chaplains’ Department in the War, 1914–1918’, pp. 68, 70 & 71
94. IWM DOCS: E. C. Crosse, Typescript diary, 1/7/1916
95. IWM DOCS: Y. R. N. Probert, Typescript diary, 1/7/1916
96. IWM DOCS: A. P. Burke, Typescript letter, p. 33
97. IWM: Y.R.N. Probert, Typescript diary, 1/7/1916
98. IWM DOCS: A. P. Burke, Typescript letter, p. 33
99. Ibid.
100. IWM DOCS: A. V. Conn, Typescript account
101. IWM DOCS: F. Henwood, Typescript account
102. IWM DOCS: R. Cude, Typescript diary, 1/7/1916
103. IWM DOCS: C. W. Alcock, Manuscript letter, 15/7/1916
104. IWM SOUND: A. Irwin, AC 211
105. IWM DOCS: A. E. A. Jacobs, Manuscript letter, 15/7/1916
106. IWM DOCS: L. L. Jeeves, Typescript article, ‘In the Battle of the Somme’, p. 27
107. Ibid.
108. IWM DOCS: R. Cude, Typescript diary, 1/7/1916
109. National Army Museum: F. A. M. Maxwell, Manuscript copy of letter, 2/7/1916
110. IWM DOCS: L. L. Jeeves, Typescript article, ‘In the Battle of the Somme’, p. 27
111. A. W. Andrews (edited by S. Richardson), Orders are Orders: A Manchester Pal on the Somme (Manchester: Neil Richardson, 1987), p.49
112. IWM SOUND: E. Bryan, AC 4042, Reel 1
113. A. W. Andrews (edited by S. Richardson), Orders are Orders, p. 49
114. Ibid., pp. 49–50
115. Ibid., p. 50
116. Lt. Col. Bedall, quoted in J. E. Edmonds, History of the Great War, fn, pp. 328–9
117. IWM SOUND: P. J. Kennedy, AC 13679, Reel 1 (Recorded for BBC Radio 4, A Summer Day on the Somme)
118. IWM DOCS: W. H. Bloor, Typescript diary, 1/7/1916
119. Ibid.
120. A. W. Andrews (edited by S. Richardson), Orders are Orders, pp. 50–1
121. IWM DOCS: W. H. Bloor, Typescript diary, 1/7/1916
122. IWM SOUND: P. J. Kennedy, AC 13679, Reel 1 (Recorded for BBC Radio 4, A Summer Day on the Somme)
123. Ibid.
124. Ibid.
125. IWM DOCS: H.Wyllie, Transcript diary, 31/5/1916
126. G. Lewis, Wings Over the Somme, p. 3
127. L. Hawker quoted by T. M. Hawker, Hawker V.C., p. 18
128. W. O. Tudor-Hart, quoted in C. Cole, RFC Communiques, 1915–1916 (London: Kimber, 1969), pp. 298–9
129. L. Hawker quoted in B. G. Gray & the DH2 Research Group, ‘The Anatomy of an Aeroplane: The de Havilland DH2 Pusher Scout’, Cross & Cockade, Vol. 21, No. 3, p. 16
130. M. Baring, Flying Corps Headquarters (Edinburgh & London: William Blackwood & Sons, 1968), p. 155
131. D. Haig, diary entry 1/7/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
132. IWM SOUND: C. R. Quinnell, AC 554, Reel 16
133. IWM DOCS: E. H. E. Collen, Manuscript diary, 1/7/1916
134. IWM DOCS: S. T. Kemp, Typescript account, p. 47
135. IWM DOCS: T. D. Pratt, Manuscript account
136. IWM DOCS: E. B. Lord, Typescript account, p. 16
137. Ibid., pp. 16–17
138. Ibid., pp. 17–18
5 The Morning After
1. IWM SOUND: Ms Llewellyn, AC 4163, Reel 1
2. IWM DOCS: L. I. L. Ferguson, War diary, 5/7/1916
3. IWM SOUND: M. S. Cleeve, AC 7310, Reel 3 & 4
4. R. H. Lindsey-Renton, quoted in C. A. Cuthbert Keeson, The History and Records of Queen Victoria’s Rifles, p. 165
5. IWM DOCS: S. T. Kemp, Typescript account, p. 47
6. IWM SOUND: S. Jordan, AC 10391, Reel 4
7. IWM DOCS: E. B. Lord, Typescript account, p. 18
8. Ibid., p. 19
9. IWM DOCS: E. C. Crosse, Typescript manuscript, ‘The History of the Chaplains’ Department
in the War, 1914–1918’, pp. 71–2
10. IWM DOCS: E. C. Crosse, Typescript diary, 4/7/1916–5/7/1916
11. IWM DOCS: E. C. Crosse, Typescript manuscript, op.cit., p. 73
12. IWM DOCS: E. B. Lord, Typescript account, p. 18
13. IWM DOCS: A. P. B. Irwin, Manuscript letter, 3/7/1916
14. IWM DOCS: A. E. A.Jacobs, Manuscript letter, 15/7/1916
15. IWM DOCS: C. G. Lawson, Typescript letter, 6/7/1916
16. IWM DOCS: F. H. Drinkwater, Typescript diary, 2/7/1916
6 Creeping Forward
1. H. Rawlinson, quoted in R. Prior & T. Wilson, Command on the Western Front, pp. 185–6
2. D. Haig, diary entry 3/7/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
3. IWM DOCS: B. S. Philpotts Collection: A. C. Sparkes, Typescript letter, 15/9/1916
4. National Array Museum: F. A. M. Maxwell, Manuscript copy of letter, 2/7/1916
5. D. H. James, ‘My Recollections’, The New Chequers, No. 5, p. 26
6. IWM DOCS: B. W. Downes, Typescript account, p. 17
7. IWM DOCS: W. H. Bloor, Typescript diary, 3/7/1916
8. IWM DOCS: S. T. Kemp, Typescript account, pp. 47–8
9. Ibid., p. 48
10. Ibid., pp. 48–9
11. Ibid., p. 49
12. IWM DOCS: W. A. Gates Collection, S. Stevenson-Jones, Edited from typescript letter, 13/7/1968 & Thiepval article
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. IWM DOCS: L. I. L. Ferguson, War diary, 7/7/1916
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. IWM SOUND: T. Bracey, AC 9419, Reel 10
23. IWM SOUND: C. R. Quinnell, AC 554, Reel 17
24. H. Sadler, quoted in O. Rutter, The History of the Seventh (Service), p. 90
25. Ibid., p. 91
26. IWM SOUND: C. R. Quinnell, AC 554, Reel 17
27. IWM SOUND: A. Razzell, AC 11952, Reel 6
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. W. L. Osborn, quoted in O. Rutter, The History of the Seventh (Service), pp. 86–7
31. J. R. Wilton, Ibid., pp. 89–90
32. W. L. Osborn, Ibid., p. 87
33. H. Sadler, Ibid., pp.91–2
34. IWM DOCS: E. H. E. Collen, Manuscript diary, 7/7/1916
35. IWM SOUND: A. Razzell, AC 11952, Reel 6
36. Ibid.
37. IWM DOCS: R. D. Mountfield, Manuscript letter, 23/7/1916
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. H. C. O’Neill, The Royal Fusiliers in the Great War, (London: William Heinemann, 1922), p. 118