by Peter Hart
42. IWM DOCS: A. E. Perriman, Typescript account
43. IWM SOUND: V. G. Lansdown, AC 10147
44. IWM DOCS: A. E. Perriman, Typescript and manuscript accounts
45. IWM SOUND: V. G. Lansdown, AC 10147
46. IWM DOCS: A. E. Perriman, Typescript and manuscript accounts
47. Ibid.
48. D. Haig, diary entry 9/7/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
49. R. J. W. Carden, quoted in C. H. Dudley Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers (London: Forster Groom & Co, 1928), Vol. III, p. 205
50. G. Jones, quoted in C. H. Dudley Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, p. 206
51. Ibid., p. 207
52. IWM SOUND: T. J. Price, AC 9492
53. IWM SOUND: G. Richards, AC 9929
54. G. Jones, quoted in C. H. Dudley Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, p. 210
55. IWM DOCS: C. K. McKerrow, Typescript diary, 19/7/1916
56. IWM DOCS: W. H. Bloor, Typescript diary, 11/7/1916
57. Ibid., 13/7/1916
58. R. Prior & T. Wilson, Command on the Western Front, p. 191
59. D. Haig, quoted in R. Prior & T. Wilson, Command on the Western Front, p. 193
60. D. Haig, diary entry 12/7/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
61. D. Haig, diary entry 14/7/1916, ibid.
62. IWM DOCS: E. C. Crosse, Typescript diary, 14/7/1916
63. N. Fraser-Tytler, Field Guns in France, p. 89
64. IWM DOCS: B. W. Downes, Typescript manuscript
65. Ibid.
66. S. Carey, quoted in L. S. Uys, ‘The South Africans at Delville Wood’ South African Military History Journal, Vol. VII, No. 2
67. IWM DOCS: J. M. Cordy, Typescript memoir, p. 18
68. Ibid., pp. 18–19
69. IWM SOUND: L. G. Ounsworth, AC 332, Reel 5
70. IWM DOCS: F. J. G. Gambling, Typescript memoir, p.8
71. Ibid.
72. N. Fraser-Tytler, Field Guns in France, p. 89
73. IWM SOUND: L. G. Ounsworth, AC 332, Reel 6
74. IWM DOCS: B. W. Downes, Typescript manuscript
75. National Army Museum: F. A. M. Maxwell, Manuscript copy of letter, 15/7/1916 & 16/7/1916
76. Ibid.
77. Ibid.
78. Ibid.
79. Ibid.
80. Ibid.
81. Ibid.
82. Ibid., 2/7/1916
83. IWM SOUND: L. G. Ounsworth, AC 332, Reel 6
84. IWM DOCS: R. Cude, Typescript diary, 14/7/1916
7 Stumbling to Disaster
1. H. Mallett, quoted in L. S. Uys, ‘The South Africans at Delville Wood’ South African Military History Journal, Vol. VII, No. 2
2. E. V. Vivian, ibid.
3. Medlicort, ibid.
4. O. H. de Burgh Thomas, ibid.
5. F. Marillier, ibid.
6. O. H. de Burgh Thomas, ibid.
7. F. Marillier, ibid.
8. Medlicort, ibid.
9. Medlicort, ibid.
10. V. Wepener, ibid.
11. E. F. Thackeray, ibid.
12. IWM DOCS: T. A. Jennings, Manuscript account, ‘Hark! I Hear the Bugles Calling’, pp. 14–16
13. Ibid., p. 16
14. Ibid., pp. 16–18
15. Ibid, pp. 18–19
16. IWM DOCS: H. G. Wood, Manuscript letter, 21/7/1916
17. IWM DOCS: F. J. Fields, Typescript account
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. A. W. Andrews (edited by S. Richardson), Orders are Orders, pp. 58–59
21. Ibid.
22. H. Preston, Reveille, Vol. 8, No. 12, p. 30
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., p. 31
25. J. R. O. Harris, quoted in C. E. W. Bean, The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1916 (Sydney: Angus & Robertson Ltd, 1938), p. 553
26. Ibid., p. 554
27. IWM SOUND: F. Brent, AC 4037, Reel 1
28. P. Kinchington, Reveille, Vol. 8, No. 12, p. 30
29. H. Preston, ibid, p. 31
30. Ibid.
31. T. Young, quoted in N. Browning, The Blue & While Diamond: The History of the 28th Battalion, 1915–1919 (Bassendean, W.A.: Advance Press, 2002), p. 154
32. P. Blythe, Ibid., pp. 165–6
33. E. R. Norgard, ibid., p. 166
34. D. Haig, diary entry 29/7/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
35. IWM SOUND: A. Razzell, AC 11952, Reel 7
36. IWM SOUND: C. R. Quinnell, AC 554, Reel 17
37. Ibid.
38. IWM SOUND: A. Razzell, AC 11952, Reel 7
39. IWM SOUND: C. R. Quinnell, AC 554, Reel 17 & 18
40. C. I. Smith, Reveille, Vol. 5, No. 6, p. 31
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid., pp. 31–2
47. A. Jacka, quoted in E.J. Rule, Jacka’s Mob (Melbourne: Military Melbourne, 1999), p. 30
48. C. I. Smith, Reveille, Vol. 5, No. 6, p. 32
49. Ibid.
50. E.J. Rule, Jacka’s Mob, p. 29
51. A. Jacka, quoted in E.J. Rule, Jacka’s Mob, p. 30
52. E.J.Rule, Jacka’s Mob, p. 29
53. Ibid., p. 30
54. H. W. Murray, Reveille, Vol. 9, No. 4, p. 33
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
8 From Bad to Worse
1. IWM DOCS: H. Tudor, Typescript diary, 26/7/1916
2. F. C. Stanley, The History of the 89th Brigade, 1914–1918, pp. 154–5
3. W. L. S. Churchill, memorandum 1/8/1916, in M. Gilbert (ed), Winston S. Churchill, Companion Vol. III, Part 2 May 1915–December 1916 (London: Heineman, 1972), p. 1537
4. D. Haig, note on letter from CIGS dated 2/8/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
5. D. Haig, diary entry 8/8/1916, ibid.
6. IWM DOCS: Fourth Army Papers, O.A.D. 91, p. 1
7. Ibid., p. 2
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. IWM DOCS: A. Russell, Typescript manuscript, pp. 60–1
11. Ibid., pp. 61–2
12. IWM DOCS: Fourth Army Papers, O.A.D. 123 p. 1
13. Ibid., p. 2
14. IWM DOCS: F. J. Fields, Typescript account
15. Ibid.
16. IWM DOCS: H. D. Paviere, Typescript account, p. 36–7
17. IWM DOCS: Y. R. N. Probert, Typescript diary, 10/9/1916
18. IWM DOCS: B. H. Whayman, Typescript account, p.3
19. IWM SOUND: W. Grover, AC 10441, Reel 2
20. T. M. Kettle, quoted in L. Housman, War Letters of Fallen Englishmen (London: Victor Gollancz, 1930), p. 167
21. T. M. Kettle, ‘Political Testament’, Internet source
22. T. M. Kettle, quoted in L. Housman, War Letters of Fallen Englishmen, p. 167
23. T. M. Kettle (written 4/9/1916), quoted in R. Feilding, War Letters to a Wife (London: The Medici Society, 1929), p. 131
24. E. Dalton, quoted in T. Burke, ‘In Memory of Tom Kettle’, Journal of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers Association, Vol. 9, 9/2002, p. 4
25. Young, quoted in T. Denman, Ireland’s Unknown Soldiers: The 16th (Irish) Division in the Great War (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1992), p. 98
26. IWM SOUND: F. W. S. Jourdain, AC 11214
27. R. Feilding, War Letters to a Wife, p. 116
28. IWM SOUND: F. W. S. Jourdain, AC 11214
29. R. Feilding, War Letters to a Wife, p. 114
30. Ibid., p. 119
31. IWM DOCS: J. H. Reynolds, Typescript memoir
32. IWM DOCS: P. H. Pilditch, Typescript memoir, p. 315
9 You are not Alone
1. IWM DOCS: A. V. Conn, Typescript account—edited from sev
eral versions of this incident
2. IWM SOUND: A. Razzell, AC 11952, Reel 7
3. Ibid.
4. N. D. Cliff, To Hell and Back with the Guards (Braunton, Devon: Merlin Books Ltd, 1988), p. 79
5. IWM DOCS: W. Kerr, Typescript memoir, p. 90
6. Ibid., p. 91
7. IWM SOUND: B. Farrer, AC 9552, Reel 14
8. IWM DOCS: R. Bulstrode, Typescript memoir, pp. 66–8
9. IWM DOCS: W. Kerr, Typescript memoir, p. 92
10. IWM DOCS: E. S. B. Hamilton, Typescript dairy, 6/8/1916
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. IWM DOCS: L. Gameson, Typescript, 10/8/1916
14. Ibid., 14/8/1916
15. Ibid., 15/8/1916–9/9/1916
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., 13/8/1916
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., 15/8/1916–9/9/1916
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. IWM SOUND: T. J. Price, AC 9492
24. IWM DOCS: H. Russell, Typescript manuscript, p. 6
25. N. D. Cliff, To Hell and Back with the Guards, p. 79
26. IWM DOCS: R. D. Mountfield, Manuscript letter, 23/7/1916
27. IWM SOUND: J. Dray, AC 27053, Reel 1
10 When Push Comes to Shove
1. IWM DOCS: Fourth Army Papers, O.A.D. 116, p. 1
2. D. Haig, diary entry 14/4/1916 quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
3. D. Haig, diary entry 26/8/1916, ibid.
4. J. Charteris, At G.H.Q, p. 165
5. IWM DOCS: Fourth Army Papers, 28/8/1916, H. Rawlinson Initial Proposals for attack on 15/9/1916, pp. 3–4
6. D. Haig, diary entry 29/8/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
7. IWM DOCS: Fourth Army Papers, O.A.D. 131, pp. 1–2
8. Ibid., pp. 2–3
9. IWM DOCS: Fourth Army Papers, Conference, 10/9/1916
10. IWM DOCS: Fourth Army Papers, Instructions for the Employment of Tanks, 11/9/16
11. IWM DOCS: E. G. de Caux, Typescript memoir, p. 24
12. IWM DOCS: Albert Whitehurst, Typescript memoir
13. IWM DOCS: D. Railton, Typescript letter, 12/9/1916
14. IWM DOCS: E. G. de Caux, Typescript memoir, p. 24
15. IWM DOCS: Albert Whitehurst, Typescript memoir
16. IWM DOCS: G. V. Dennis, Typescript account, p. 74
17. IWM DOCS: H. Horne, Typescript diary, 15/9/1916
18. W.J. Gray, quoted in C. A. Cuthbert Keeson, The History and Records of Queen Victoria’s Rifles, pp. 190–1
19. Ibid., pp. 191–2
20. Ibid., p. 192
21. IWM DOCS: G. V. Dennis, Typescript account, p. 75
22. IWM DOCS: H. Horne, Typescript diary, 15/9/1916
23. IWM: C. H. Morden, Typescript account, p. 2
24. National Army Museum: L. Cattermole, Typescript account, ‘Attack on the Somme’, p. 2
25. Ibid., p. 3
26. Ibid.
27. IWM DOCS: M. M. Hood, Typescript memoir
28. Weinert, quoted in T. Pidgeon, The Tanks at Flers (Cobham: Fairmile Books, 1995) Vol. I, p. 132
29. National Army Museum: L. Cattermole, Typescript account, ‘Attack on the Somme’, pp. 4–5
30. IWM SOUND: G. Cole, AC 9535, Reel 4
31. National Archives: CAB 45/135, H. Karslake letter, 28/1/1936
32. IWM DOCS: A. Whitehurst, Typescript memoir
33. M. J. Guiton, quoted in P. Davenport, The History of the Prince of Wales’ Own Civil Service Rifles (London: Civil Service Rifles, 1921), p. 115
34. IWM DOCS: Albert Whitehurst, Typescript memoir
35. IWM DOCS: D. D. S. Cree, Typescript memoir
36. IWM DOCS: Albert Whitehurst, Typescript memoir
37. IWM DOCS: D. D. S. Cree, Typescript memoir
38. IWM DOCS: J. C. Mclntyre, Typescript memoir
39. D. D. S. Cree, Typescript memoir
40. IWM DOCS: E. J. D. Routh, Manuscript diary, 15/9/1916
41. IWM DOCS: D. D. S. Cree, Typescript memoir
42. HVM DOCS: Albert Whitehurst, Typescript memoir
43. IWM DOCS: D. D. S. Cree, Typescript memoir
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. IWM DOCS: R. E. Davy, Manuscript letter, 22/9/1916
47. IWM DOCS: E. G. de Caux, Typescript memoir, p. 26
48. IWM DOCS: E. Gore–Brown Collection: E. G. de Caux, Typescript letter, 30/9/1916
49. IWM DOCS: G. V. Dennis, Typescript account, p. 76
50. Ibid.
51. A. H. R. Reiffer, quoted in T. Pidgeon, The Tanks at Flers, Vol. I, p. 167
52. IWM SOUND: C. Lewis, AC 4162, Reel 1
53. IWM SOUND: V. Huffam, AC 4136 Reel 1
54. IWM SOUND: A. H. R. Reiffer, AC 4212
55. IWM SOUND: S. Hastie, AC 4126, Reel 1
56. IWM SOUND: A. H. R. Reiffer, AC 4212
57. IWM SOUND: S. Hastie, AC 4126, Reel 1
58. Ibid.
59. Braunhofer, quoted in T. Pidgeon, The Tanks at Flers, Vol. I, p. 172
60. A. Arnold, ibid., p. 173
61. IWM DOCS: G. V. Dennis, Typescript account, p. 77
62. The best analysis, which effectively clears Basil Henriques of these charges, is that carried out by Trevor Pidgeon’s brilliant book, Tanks at Flers.
63. B. Henriques, Indiscretions of a Warden (London: Methuen & Co, 1937), pp. 118–9
64. B. Henriques, quoted in L. L. Loewe, Basil Henriques (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976), p. 44
65. B. Henriques, Indiscretions of a Warden, p. 119
66. W. T. Dawson, quoted in T. Pidgeon, The Tanks at Flers, Vol. I, p. 86
67. Bdr. Osborne, quoted by B. Hammond in pending thesis, ‘The Theory and Practice of British Tanks—other Arms Cooperation on the Western Front in the Great War’
68. B. Henriques, Indiscretions of a Warden, p. 119
69. Ibid., pp. 119–120
70. IWM SOUND: P. Neame, AC 48, Reel 11 & 13
71. IWM DOCS: T. G. Rogers, ‘Letters’, pp. 282–283
72. IWM DOCS: A. Home, Typescript diary, 15/9/1916
73. Ibid., 18/9/1916
11 Hammering On
1. IWM DOCS: A. Home, Typescript diary, 22/9/1916
2. Ibid., 18/9/1916
3. IWM SOUND: H. Calvert, AC 9955
4. IWM DOCS: A. Russell, Typescript manuscript, pp. 70–1
5. IWM SOUND: H. Calvert, AC 9955
6. IWM DOCS: A. Home, Typescript diary, 25/9/1916
7. H. Gough, The Fifth Army (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1931), p. 148
8. IWM DOCS: A. Angus, Typescript memoir, p. 9
9. National Army Museum: F. Maxwell, Letter, 27/9/1916
10. IWM SOUND: R. G. Emmett, Typescript account in folder
11. G. E. Cornaby, quoted in anon author, The 54th Infantry Brigade: Some Records of Battle and Laughter in France (Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1919), p. 53
12. IWM SOUND: R. G. Emmett, Typescript account in folder
13. G. E. Cornaby, op. cit.
14. IWM SOUND: R. G. Emmett, Typescript account in folder
15. IWM DOCS: S. T. Fuller, Manuscript diary, 26/9/1916
16. National Army Museum: F. Maxwell, Letter, 27/9/1916
17. Ibid.
18. IWM SOUND: R. G. Emmett, Typescript account in folder
19. National Army Museum: F. Maxwell, Letter, 27/9/1916
20. G. E. Cornaby, quoted in anon author, The 54th Infantry Brigade, pp. 55–6
21. IWM DOCS: T. A. Jennings, Manuscript memoir, ‘Hark! I Hear the Bugles Calling’, pp. 23–5
22. Ibid., pp. 26–7
23. Ibid., p. 27
24. IWM SOUND: T. E. Adlam, AC 35, Reel 3
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid., Reel 4
28. Ibid., Reel 3
29. Ibid.Reel 4
30. IWM DOCS
: G. C. Pratt, Typescript account
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. IWM DOCS: A. Angus, Typescript memoir, pp. 9–10
39. IWM DOCS: G. C. Pratt, Typescript account
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid.
47. IWM DOCS: J. Meo, Manuscript diary, 22/9/1916
48. Ibid., 24/9/1916
49. Ibid., 25/9/1916 & 30/9/1916
50. Ibid., 30/9/1916
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid., 1/10/1916
53. Ibid., 8/10/1916
54. IWM DOCS: W. H. Bloor, Typescript diary, 28/9/1916
55. Ibid., 30/9/1916
56. H. Sulzbach, With the German Guns: 50 Months on the Western Front, 1914–1918 (London: Frederick Warne Ltd, 1981), p. 90
12 October Attrition
1. D. Haig, letter to George V 5/10/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
2. D. Haig, diary entry 5/10/1916, ibid.
3. J. Charteris, At G.H.Q., pp. 170–1
4. J. Charteris, At G.H.Q,. p. 171
5. J. A. Chamier, quoted in H. A. Jones & W. Raleigh, The War in the Air (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1922–1937), Vol. II, pp. 298–299
6. IWM DOCS: W. H. Bloor, Typescript diary, 1/10/1916
7. Ibid., 2/10/1916 & 3/10/1916
8. N. Fraser-Tytler, Field Guns in France, p. 108
9. IWM DOCS: W. H. Bloor, Typescript diary, 3/10/1916
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., 5/10/1916
12. G. Lewis, Wings Over the Somme, p. 75 & 78
13. IWM DOCS: Albert Whitehurst, Typescript memoir
14. IWM DOCS: W. J. N. Howell, Typescript account
15. IWM DOCS: W. Harfleet, Typescript letter
16. IWM DOCS: W. J. N. Howell, Typescript account
17. IWM DOCS: W. Harfleet, Typescript letter
18. IWM DOCS: Albert Whitehurst, Typescript memoir
19. IWM DOCS: W. J. N. Howell, Typescript account
20. IWM DOCS: W. S. Reid, Typescript letter, 13/10/1970
21. IWM DOCS: Albert Whitehurst, Typescript memoir
22. D. Haig, diary entry 14/10/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
23. N. Fraser-Tytler, Field Guns in France, pp. 110–11
24. Ibid., pp. 111–12
25. A. C. Johnston, quoted in A. Crookenden, The History of the Cheshire Regiment in the Great War, (Chester: W. H. Evans & Sons, 1938) pp. 91–2
26. IWM DOCS: V. F. S. Hawkins quoted in J. C. Latter, The History of the Lancashire Fusiliers, 1914–1918, (Aldershot: Gale & Polden Ltd, 1949), p. 167