The Omnibus Homo Sacer

by Giorgio Agamben

difference and, 434; ownership as, 993;

  37, 619–23; oikos and, 109, 255–58, 262, 355,

  plenitudo potestatis and, 460–65

  457–58, 1204–5; ontology and, 1144–48,

  poverty, 888–89, 936–37, 975–1000, 1101

  1273–74; ordering and, 10–11, 444–53,

  power: anarchy and, 429; auctoritas and

  624–25, 627–28; people vs. multitude

  potestas and, 231–42; biopower and, 6–7,

  and, 276–81, 653–54, 1218–19; potential

  99–104, 148, 152–53, 864–66; in concen­

  and, 1268–79; as praxis, 716–19, 1206–7;

  tration camps, 99–104; constituting vs.

  privacy and, 99–101, 1021–22, 1025–26,

  constituted, 36–43, 71, 526–27, 566–67,

  1110–12; providence and, 413–16, 420,

  1112–23, 1267–70; destituent potential

  426–29, 446, 454–58, 468–98, 609–23;

  and, 1268–79; exercise of, 458–60; in

  race theories and, 113–26; the relation and,

  the family, 6, 74–77; Foucault’s analyses

  52–53, 148; rights talk and, 105–12, 175; set

  of, 8–9, 815–17; Führung as, 438–39;

  1314 INDEX

  power ( continued )

  privacy, 831–32, 1025, 1110–12, 1243; forms of

  full powers and, 170–72; glory and, 370–

  life and, 1021–22

  71, 523, 551–601; hierarchies of, 502–20,

  Prochorus, 425, 509–11

  538–40, 658–62; homo sacer and, 11–12,

  Proclus, 454, 483–86, 1153, 1256–57

  150–54; inoperativity and, 522–48, 588–94;

  Prodi, Paolo, 301–2, 312–13, 354

  juridico­institutional models of, 7–9; of

  proper, the, 811, 1068–72, 1104, 1249–50

  monastic rules, 912–26; nomos as, 29–31;

  Propertius, 708

  oaths and, 353–56; oikonomia and, 369–71,

  property, 985–1000

  373–84, 623–32; ontological difference and, Proslogion (Anselm), 340

  460–64; ordering of, 444–68; political,

  Protagoras (Plato), 32

  5–6; sacred, 502–20; secularized, 374–77,

  Protrepticus (Clement), 413, 1032

  385–86; sexuality and, 111–12, 1123–24; sovprovidence, 413–20, 426–29, 446, 454–58,

  ereignty and, 6–7, 9, 11–12, 18–28, 31–36,

  468–501, 512–17, 609–23, 628, 630–31, 737

  39–43, 79–87, 90–93, 1215–16; spectacle of,

  Provincial Letters (Malebranche), 610

  36–37, 604–5; state of nature and, 90–93;

  Prudentius, 381, 585

  State power and, 6; technologies of, 79;

  Psalm 103, 283

  violence and, 220–21; the will and, 422.

  pseudo­Longinus, 389

  See also dynamis; politics; sovereignty

  psychology, 8–9

  POWs (Prisoners of War), 169

  Psychopathia sexualis (Krafft­Ebing), 1233

  Pohlenz, Max, 711

  public law, 150, 167–68, 201–11, 222, 231–36,

  Praecepta atque iudica (Pachomius), 913, 926

  315, 320, 374, 438, 525–38, 602–7, 927, 1121

  praecepta vitalia, 911

  public opinion, 604–6

  Praxeas, 403, 407, 419

  Pufendorf, Samuel, 276–77, 304, 736–40

  praxis: artworks and, 685–87; being­at­work

  purity and purification, 218–19, 241, 1269–70

  and, 1082–87; care for the self and, 1112–23; Pyrrhus, 427–28

  Christian history and, 411–16; dignitas and, Pythagoras, 488

  459–60; effectiveness and, 649–50; ethics

  and, 722–23; forms of life as, 1227–39,

  Queneau, Raymond, 53

  1249–51; glorification and, 552–56, 560–62,

  Quesnay, François, 625–27

  566–70, 578–79, 581–82; having­to­be and,

  The Question Concerning Technology

  717–21; inoperativity and, 591–95; law and,

  (Heidegger), 1090

  207–8, 242; life as, 915–16; liturgy and,

  Questiones disputatae de veritate (Aquinas),

  675–700, 957–58; mystery and, 677–78;

  1094

  office or duty as, 703–19; oikonomia and,

  Questiones romanae (Plutarch), 323

  399, 405–6, 418; ontology and, 419–31,

  Questions on Providence (Proclus), 483–85, 517

  449–53, 460–64, 473–74, 480–82, 695–98,

  Quidort, John, 463–64

  701–2, 744–46; politics as, 716–19, 1206–7;

  Quinlan, Karen, 135, 152

  prayer as, 575–77; rules and, 941–46,

  Quintilian, 389, 398, 535, 685–86, 901, 963–64,

  957–58; Stoics on, 1046–47; theory and,

  1259

  1019; use and, 1037–40, 1045–48, 1247–48.

  Quintus Haterius, 708

  See also being; habit; use

  Quo elongati (bull), 966–67, 986

  prayer, 575–79, 905–11

  precepts, 917–18, 926, 936–37

  Rabinow, Paul, 151

  prelaw, 312–13, 321–22, 542, 919

  race theories, 113–26, 141–42

  Préliminaires de la constitution (Sieyès), 108

  Radamanthys, 322

  pre­Socratics, 314–15

  Rahner, Hugo, 678

  presuppositions, 1132–35, 1141–48, 1178,

  rape, 145

  1190–91, 1272–73

  Rationale divinorum officiorum (Durand),

  Preuss, Hugo, 178

  663–64, 704, 888, 904

  priests, 668–69, 954–55, 965–66, 980–81. See

  Ravensbruck, 790

  also effectiveness; monasticism; sacraments

  Ray, John, 472

  The Principle of Anarchy (Schürmann), 429,

  reading, 897, 909–11, 947–56

  1276

  realization, 1078–79, 1155. See also hypostasis

  INDEX 1315

  reason, 124, 149–57, 494, 541, 710–13, 728,

  sacred and profane (in)distinction and,

  739–47, 1166–75, 1223–24

  63; sovereignty’s basis and, 18–28; Stoics

  Recherches physiologiques sur la vie et sur la mort

  and, 388–89, 397, 416–18, 433–35, 473–76,

  (Bichat), 862–64

  480–82, 488, 628, 704–5, 711; virtue and,

  Redard, Georges, 1049–51, 1053, 1056

  729–30, 732–35, 737–41. See also theology

  reflexivity, 1053–54

  Religiöse Bewegungen im Mittelalter

  refugees, 105, 109–10, 927–34

  (Grundmann), 961

  regicide, 86–87

  Remak, Franny, 1200

  Regula bullata, 982–84

  Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics

  Regula communis (Fructuosus of Braga), 929

  (Wittgenstein), 1245–46

  Regulae fusius tractatae (Basil), 947

  remnants, 867–75, 1149–58, 1251

  Regulae theologicae (Alain of Lille), 340

  Réponse aux questions d’un provincial (Bayle),

  Regula magistri, 893, 897

  616

  Regula non bullata, 966–70

  representation, 1144–48, 1242–43, 1275–76

  regula vitae. See life; rules and rule­following;

  Republic (Plato), 91, 256, 1144, 1252–64

  zones of indistinction

  Republic of Councils, 78

  Reich Health Law, 123–24

  Res gestae divi Augusti (Augustine), 234–35,

  Reinach, Theodor, 168, 216

  237, 606�
��7

  Reinhardt, Karl, 1257

  responsibility, 774–77, 825–29, 831–32

  Reiter, Hans, 119, 136

  resuscitation, 863–66. See also biopolitics

  Reitzenstein, Richard, 524

  revolutions, 37–38, 189–90, 198–99, 212,

  relationality: Aristotle on, 444–45, 1169; auc-

  253–54, 280–81, 377, 1114–15

  toritas and potestas and, 231–42; Augustine

  Revue neurologique, 132

  on, 1177–78; of ban, 27–28; the ban as,

  rhythm, 1183–84

  42–53, 65, 92–96, 148, 1269–70; Benjamin

  Richard II (Shakespeare), 79

  on, 1040; bios-zoē and, 1231–39; care­of­

  Richard of Conington, 976, 993

  oneself and, 1056–61, 1113–23; chresis and,

  Richter, Gerhard, 374, 390

  1049–55, 1075; the exception and, 18–28,

  Rickert, Heinrich, 114

  92, 167; between form and material,

  Ricoeur, Paul, 1023

  988–89; between humanity and divinity,

  rights, 11–12, 89, 101–2, 105–12, 148, 175,

  1064–65; inappropriability and, 1001,

  975–1000, 1220

  1104–5; the inappropriable and, 1101–12;

  Riley, Patrick, 618–19

  inoperativity and, 588–94; between justice

  Rilke, Rainer Maria, 585–87, 801–2, 808–9,

  and violence, 29–36; language and, 45;

  811, 814–15

  law and, 51–52; Leibniz and, 1162–63;

  Rimbaud, Arthur, 837, 839

  master­slave relation and, 1029–48, 1156–

  Ripuarian law, 88

  57; modality and, 1159–87; non­relation

  Robert of Arbrissel, 961

  and, 1240–44; oikonomia and, 494–95,

  Robespierre, Maximilian, 37, 145

  1271; ontological modality and, 39–43,

  Roché, Henri­Pierre, 1200

  52–53, 1240–44, 1271–72; order as, 444–47;

  Romano, Santi, 184, 188, 190–91, 945

  between rules and precepts, 917–18; use

  Romauld, 899

  and, 1049–55, 1065–72

  Rome: Curia of, 678, 924, 962, 967, 975–81,

  reliability, 1088–99

  1100; funeral rites in, 80–82, 222–27;

  religion: angelology and, 409–10, 502–20;

  iustitium and, 201–10, 222–29; legal tradieschatology and, 214–15, 282–84, 286–89;

  tions of, 195–210, 222–42, 302–3, 314–15,

  homo sacer and, 10–11, 62–63, 310–11;

  318–19, 337–38, 348–50, 581–82, 606–7,

  life’s sacredness and, 13–14; liturgy and,

  709–10, 745–46, 805–6, 912, 923–24, 977,

  524, 526–30, 540–42, 561–62, 572–73,

  1040, 1046–47, 1278–79; religion in, 149,

  675–700; magic and, 333–34; monotheism

  318; slavery in, 1040–41; sovereignty in,

  and, 419–29; movements and, 961–74;

  531–34, 536–38, 549–50

  oath­making and, 304–5, 310, 313–56; office Römisches Mitteilungen (Alföldi), 531–33

  or duty and, 703–19, 734–35; oikonomia

  Römisches Staatsrecht (Mommsen), 202–4

  and, 390, 393–416; in Rome, 149, 318;

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 183

  1316 INDEX

  Rosenzweig, Franz, 124

  in Roman law, 61–63, 69–73; of the sover­

  Ross, William D., 442

  eign, 80–87; suicide and, 113–19

  Rossiter, Clinton L., 171, 173, 184, 206

  sacrifice, 10–11, 13–14, 94–96, 577, 582–84,

  Rousseau, Jean­Jacques, 104, 108, 603, 618–22,

  662–66, 683–84, 780. See also Christ,

  931

  Jesus; homo sacer

  The Royal Funeral Ceremony in Renaissance

  Sade, Donatien Alphones de, 111–12, 743–44,

  France (Giesey), 80

  896, 1035

  Rufinus, 687–88, 941, 943, 964

  sadomasochism, 111–12, 833, 895–97, 1035,

  Rule of Isidore, 916

  1059–60, 1111–12, 1123–25

  Rule of St. Augustine, 917, 921

  Salic law, 88

  Rule of St. Benedict, 900, 914, 921–24, 948–49,

  Salò (Passolini), 429, 1275–76

  964

  Salus, Grete, 812, 851

  Rule of the Fathers, 887–88, 893, 964

  Salvian, 472, 488–89, 629

  Rule of the Four Fathers, 900–901, 944, 947

  Sancho II, 467

  Rule of the Master, 897–902, 906–9, 915, 921,

  Sarabaites, 900

  947, 949, 954–55, 964

  Sartre, Jean­Paul, 1122

  rules and rule­following: ethics and, 1119; ex­

  Saturnalia, 227, 1061

  amples and, 22–23, 901–3, 913, 999–1000,

  Saturnalia (Macrobius), 62

  1261–62; the exception and, 19–20, 48, 55,

  Saussure, Ferdinand de, 838, 852–53

  142–43, 173–74, 216, 225; form of life and,

  Savigny, Friedrich Carl von, 239, 996–97

  965–74, 1245–48; habits and, 903–5; igno­

  saying, 1132–34, 1143–48, 1177–78. See also

  rance of, 26; language and, 22–23; law and,

  enunciation; language; showing ( vs. telling);

  25–26, 36–43, 49–50, 370, 912–26, 930–31,

  unsayable, the

  941–46, 1266–67; lectio and, 954–55; life

  Scala claustralium (Bernard), 911

  and, 887–88, 893–94, 937, 941–47, 957–58,

  Scheler, Max, 1103

  1246–48, 1261–62; liturgy and, 952–56;

  Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph, 43, 149,

  Marquis de Sade and, 895–97; monas­

  355–56, 376–77, 413, 751–52, 1143, 1147

  ticism and, 893–911, 929–34; as norms,

  Schilling, Robert, 83

  941–46; office and duty and, 710–11;

  Schlosser, Julius, 80

  prayer and, 905–10; precepts and, 917–18,

  Schmitt, Carl: acclamation and, 602–3; auc-

  926, 936–37; temporality and, 905–11;

  toritas and potestas and, 230–31; Benjamin

  theology and, 925–26; use and, 1247–48;

  and, 211–21; civil war and, 168, 253;

  vows and, 919–24, 947–51; Wittgenstein

  constituted and constituting power and,

  on, 341; written, 947–51, 966; zones of

  38–39, 194, 527; democracy and, 602–4;

  indistinction in, 141–43. See also forms of

  eschatology and, 288–89; Hölderlin and,

  life; habits; law, the

  31; Leviathan and, 265, 283–85, 288–89;

  Rumkowski, Chaim, 819–20

  Nazi party and, 139, 141–42, 230–31;

  Rwanda, 111

  negation and, 114; the nomos and, 31–36,

  Ryn, Zdzislaw, 871

  494; Ordnung concept and, 10–11, 144;

  Peterson and, 377–81, 385–86, 435–37,

  Sabbath, the, 588–94

  524, 526–27; political theology and,

  sacral law, 337

  374–76, 433–34, 436–39, 513, 547; private

  sacraments: causality and, 693–94; effectiveand public spheres and, 100–101, 262;

  ness of, 675–700, 718–19, 954–55; instrureal life and, 57; Santi Romano and, mentality and, 1094–99

  191; secularization and, 374–76, 378;

  sacratio, 62–63, 69–73, 323–25, 327–31, 349–51,

  sovereignty and, 13, 17–28, 78, 142–43,

  353

  167, 191, 2
12–13; state of exception and,

  Sacred Hymns (Manzoni), 585

  171–74, 193–200, 206–7, 209; Weimar

  sacredness: ambivalence of, 64–68, 70–72,

  Constitution and, 178

  94–95, 310–15; blasphemy and, 330–31; the

  Schnur, Roman, 253

  Kingdom and, 432–66; of life in gen­

  Schoen, Ernst, 218

  eral, 56–57, 84–85, 94–96, 973, 1265–66;

  Scholem, Gerschom, 45, 47, 220, 339

  power and, 502–20; prayer and, 575–77;

  Schopenhauer, Arthur, 722, 747

  INDEX 1317

  Schramm, Ernst Percy, 369–70, 533–34, 536,

  significance (laws in force without), 44–53,

  547–48

  994–95

  Schürmann, Reiner, 429, 1275

  silence, 803–4, 810, 836–37, 839, 841–43, 861

  Schütz, Anton, 187

  Sinne- en minnebeelden (Cats), 265

  Schutzhaft, 137–38, 168. See also emergency

  “The Sirens” (Kafka), 51

  powers; exception, the; state of necessity;

  Situationists, the, 1021–22, 1120

  state of siege

  Sixtus III (Saint), 593

  science, 101–2, 113–19, 127–31, 151–52, 209–10,

  slavery, 387–88, 709, 924–25, 1029–48,

  312, 482, 676, 1025

  1061–62, 1095–99, 1156–57

  Scienza Nuova (Vico), 265

  Slavery in the Late Roman World (Harper),

  Scipio Nasica, 204, 207, 711

  1042

  Scorpiacus (Tertullian), 779

  Smaragdus, 923

  Sebastocrator, Isaac, 485

  Smend, Rudolph, 239

  Second Letter to the Corinthians (Paul), 556–59

  Smith, Adam, 482, 628–30

  Second Letter to the Thessalonians (Paul),

  Smith, William Robertson, 64–65, 67

  285–89

  so’ah, 782. See also Auschwitz; concentration

  Second Rule of the Fathers, 948

  camps; specific camps

  Second World War, 105, 184, 206, 253, 793

  The Social Contract (Rousseau), 104, 619–21

  secularization, 374–77, 385–86, 630–31, 903,

  social contracts, 89–93

  1147–48, 1216–17, 1268. See also disensocial contract theory, 148–49, 931

  chantment; politics; theology

  social sciences, 7, 64–68, 78–87

  Securité, territoire, population (Foucault),

  The Society of the Spectacle (Debord), 1024–25

  619–20

  Socrates, 1056

  sefiroth, 1173–76

  Sohm, Rudolf, 659

  senatus consultum ultimus, 203–10, 230, 233–34

  Sohn­Rethel, Alfred, 1039–40

  Seneca the Elder, 708–11, 963–64, 1075–78

  Solon, 30, 260–61, 329, 843

  Senellart, Michel, 473

  Sonderkommando, 767–68, 777–78, 793,