Six Minutes in May
Page 60
Hoare, 316
Hogg, 12, 291–2, 297, 300, 306–7
Keyes, 266–70, 307
Lindsay Memorandum, 90, 252–3, 280–82, 283
Lloyd George, 236, 268, 272, 285–90, 293
Macmillan, 262–3, 278–9, 298, 305
Margesson, 281 288, 289, 295–7, 303, 304, 308–10
Morrison, 281, 282–6, 316
narrative of, 17–19
Nicholson’s account, 259–60
and Narvik, 33–4, 264, 282
Page Croft, 265–6
photographs of, 5–9, 11, 275
Shinwell, 301
Simon, 250
Sinclair, 106, 148, 265
vote of confidence, 21
Watching Committee, 295–8
Wedgwood, 266–8, 285
Wood, 290, 305, 323, 354
Notes on Forestry (Amery), 243
‘NP1’, 119–21, 128
Nubian, HMS, 102
Obama, Barack, 176
Observer, 149, 235
Olga, Princess of Yugoslavia, 289, 386
Omdurman, battle of (1898), 105, 113, 291
Operation ‘Avonmouth’, 56–8, 60, 63
Operation ‘Gelb’, 48, 49–50, 52, 329, 375, 377, 379
Operation ‘Hammer’, 99, 111–17, 221
Operation ‘Henry’, 90
Operation ‘Klaxon’, 141
Operation ‘Maurice’, 99, 105, 109, 115, 118, 136, 142, 145–6, 150, 252, 281–3
Operation ‘Royal Marine’, 61, 378, 390
Operation ‘Rupert’, 87, 112, 118–19, 129
Operation ‘Sickle’, 99, 108–9, 115, 118, 136, 138, 141, 150, 283
Operation ‘Weserübung’, 49–53, 55, 77, 82
Operation ‘Wilfred’, 30, 38–47, 52, 55, 58, 61–3, 71, 79–80, 121, 301
Operation ‘Workshop’, 130
Orion, RMS, 109
Orwell, George, 106, 248
Oslo, Norway, 31, 54, 66, 72, 145, 282
Oster, Colonel Hans, 375
Ottawa Evening Journal, 293
Oxford, Margot, see Asquith, Margot, Countess of Oxford
Page Croft, Brigadier General Sir Henry, 265–6
Paget, Julian, 111
Paget, Major General Bernard, 108–11, 115, 140, 253, 290
Paling, Wilfred, 303
Palmer, Roundell, Viscount Wolmer, 246
Paris-Soir, 166
Partridge, Frances, 25–6, 72, 142, 145, 149, 150, 176, 376
Paul Jacobi, Z5, 105, 107
Peake, Charles, 16, 196–7, 199, 208, 211–13, 250, 336, 339, 363–4, 364, 377
Pen & Miller, 26
Philip, Terence, 228
Phillips, Vice Admiral Tom, 64
Phoney War, 25, 27, 30, 46, 66, 72–3
Pickthorn, Kenneth, 316
Plan for Action, A, (Amery), 270
Portal, Air Marshal Charles, 290
Pound, Admiral Sir Dudley, 39, 58, 63, 74, 80–1, 87, 115–16, 132–3, 207
Powell, Anthony, 91
Pownall, General Henry, 112–13, 117, 124, 127, 220
Prien, Günther. 128–9
Prike, Harry, 143
Primrose, Archibald, 5th Earl of Rosebery, 336
Profumo, John, 296, 306, 316
Put Out More Flags (Waugh), 81, 111, 168
Quisling, Vidkun, 48–50, 68
‘R.4’ forces, 63, 66, 80–81, 119
Raeder, Admiral Erich, 47–8, 50–51, 143
Rathbone, Eleanor, 286
Rauschning, Dr Hermann, 53, 145
Ravenhill, Commander R. W., 102
Reform Club, London, 244, 246, 248, 371–2, 388
Reith, Sir John, 10, 113, 149, 184, 245, 252, 291, 310, 354, 380–82, 401
Renown, HMS, 69
Resolution, HMS, 231
Reuters, 180
Reynaud, Paul, 54, 58, 60–61, 67, 90, 212, 379
Reynolds, David, 13, 363
Rhondda, Lady, see Mackworth, Margaret, 2nd Viscountess Rhondda
Rickatson-Hatt, Bernard, 180
Ritchie, Charles, 283, 287
Roberts, Andrew, 182, 211, 212–13, 272, 292, 321
Rodger, Nicholas, 128
Romilly, Colonel Bertram, 34–5, 37, 86, 218–19, 232, 290, 350, 359–60, 368, 406
Romilly, Esmond, 34–7, 359
Romilly, Giles, 17, 27–37, 27, 69–71, 74, 86–7, 124, 127, 151, 218–20, 228, 359, 406
Romilly, Mary, 29, 35–6
Romilly, Nellie, 34–7, 182, 218–20, 232
Rommel, General Erwin, 376
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 43, 221, 330, 395
Rootham, Jasper, 182, 222
Rosebery, Lord, see Primrose, Archibald, 5th Earl of Rosebery
Rosenberg, Alfred, 50
Roskill, Stephen, 79
Rosyth, Scotland, 63, 66, 80, 82, 106, 108–9, 123
Rothermere, Lord, see Harmsworth, Harold, 1st Viscount Rothermere
Rowse, A. L., 193, 329, 345, 358
Royal Air Force, 111
Royal Flying Corps, 6
Royal Hotel, Narvik, 27–9, 31–2
Royal Navy, 39, 42, 63, 68–9
Royal Oak, HMS, 128
Rucker, Sir Arthur, 41, 305, 362, 374
Ruge, Major General Otto, 86, 89, 109
‘Rupert Force’, 87, 112, 118–19, 129
Ruskin, John, 86, 89
Russell, Stuart, 305
Rutlandshire, HMS, 100, 101–2
Salisbury, Lord, see Gascoyne-Cecil, James, 4th Marquess of Salisbury
Sankey, John, 1st Viscount Sankey, 377, 391
Sargent, Sir Orme, 84
Sas, Colonel Gijsbertus ‘Bert’, 375
Schmidt, Paul, 367
Scoop (Waugh), 354
Seal, Eric, 74
See Strategie des Weltkrieges, Die, (Wegener), 53
Sesame and Lilies (Ruskin), 86
Sett, The (Fleming), 404
Sewell, J. E., 278
Shakespeare, Geoffrey, 19–20, 20
Altmark incident, 46, 113
Churchill, relationship with, 19–20, 55, 61, 78, 113, 126, 221, 226–8
coalition government, formation of, 389, 400
on Halifax, 198
Lloyd George, relationship with, 19–20, 227, 235, 238, 287
Munich Agreement (1938), 166
Norway Campaign, 78, 126, 226–8
Operation ‘Wilfred’, 55, 61
Simon, relationship with, 261
and whisky, 20, 221
Shinwell, Emanuel, 184, 301, 319
Shirer, William, 54, 143
‘Sickle Force’, 99, 108–9, 115, 118, 136, 138, 141, 150, 283
Simla, India, 202–3
Simon, Sir John, 370
on Chamberlain, 186
on Churchill, 113, 116, 186, 219–20
coalition government, formation of, 383–4, 400
division and aftermath, 10, 305, 310, 316, 317, 323, 333, 340, 342, 346, 357–9
on Halifax, 186
on Nazi Germany, 68
Norway Campaign, 116, 219–20
Norway Debate, 9, 250, 261, 265, 284–5, 298, 379
on Operation ‘Gelb’, 379
War Cabinet, 39, 40
Simpson, Wallis, 211, 213
Sinclair, Sir Archibald, 182–3
Chamberlain, relationship with, 58, 182–3
Churchill, relationship with, 182
coalition government, formation of, 371, 380, 382, 400
division and aftermath, 318, 326, 348
Norway Campaign, 106
Norway Debate, 148, 265, 292
surveillance of, 182
Smith, Ronald, 143
Smuts, Jan, 244, 247, 278
Snell, Henry, 1st Baron Snell, 291
Somali, HMS, 94, 96
South Africa, 244
Southampton, HMS, 119, 121
Spears, Major General Sir Edward Louis
on Amery, 242, 274
on Churchill, 218
and ‘Glamour Boys’, 244
‘missed the bus’ comment, 60
Norway Campaign, 14, 218
Norway Debate, 282, 295, 299
on Operation ‘Weserübung’, 67, 68, 145
Spectator, 123
Spender, Stephen, 35
Spens, Sir Patrick, 343
Stalin, Joseph, 9
Stamp, Josiah, 1st Baron, 333
Stanley, Edward, 17th Earl of Derby, 334–6
Stanley, Oliver, 10, 39, 64, 220, 252, 377, 401
Stanley, Venetia, 200, 210
Stanning, George, 94
Star, 279
Stavanger, Norway, 32, 39, 54, 63, 80–81, 110
Steinkjer, Norway, 100, 102, 103–5, 133–4, 137, 139–40, 150, 269, 352
Steinkjer Memorial 405, 405
Stevenson, Frances, 236, 286
Stockholm, Sweden, 54, 86
Stopes, Marie, 10
Stopford, General Frederick, 125
Stow, Anne, 168
Stowe, Leland, 31–2, 68, 105, 107, 138, 150–51, 153
Strauss, George, 248
Stuart, James, 1st Viscount Stuart of Findhorn, 12
Studie Nord, 49
Sunday Despatch, 72
Sunday Express, 166, 244
Sunday Pictorial, 177
Sweden, 53–4, 57
Sudan, 35, 105, 113, 226, 291, 360
Swinton, Lord, see Cunliffe-Lister, Philip, 1st Earl of Swinton
Sylvester, Albert James
on Churchill, 183
coalition government, formation of, 321, 402–3, 409
Lloyd George, relationship with, 235–6, 251
Norway Campaign, 113, 125, 148–9
Norway Debate, 262, 286, 288
on Operation ‘Weserübung’, 69
Taylor, A. J. P., 5
Taylor, Vice Admiral Ernest, 266
Temps, Le, 60
Thatcher, Margaret, 274
Thomas, Jim 306–7
Thompson, Laurence, 253, 276
Thompson, Walter, 222–3, 397
Thue, Oberst, 110
Times, The, 72, 91–2, 141, 146, 173, 190, 191, 192–3, 219, 234, 252–3, 281, 329, 346, 348
Times History of the South African War (Amery), 240
Tolleshunt D’Arcy, Essex 72, 149, 152
Torpedo Crisis, 128–9
Tree, Ronald, 47, 74, 148, 180–81, 244
Trenchard, Hugh, 1st Viscount Trenchard, 194
Trondheim, Norway, 32, 44, 63, 66, 70–72, 75, 81, 83–9, 137, 230, 267–9
and Keyes, 130–34, 136, 222, 307
Operation ‘Hammer’, 99–100, 103, 107–9, 111–17, 118, 123
Truth magazine, 181, 249
Tweed, Captain Reggie, 104–5
U47, 128
United States of America, 43, 145, 151, 196, 218, 221, 330, 377, 395
Vägsfjord, Harstad, 119
van Grouw, Hein, 164
Vansittart, Robert, 53, 180
Vanya, Ivan, 407
Vaughan Williams, Ralph, 176
Vereker, John, 6th Viscount Gort, 124
Vestfjorden, Norway, 30–31, 38, 79, 86–7, 128
Vian, Captain Philip, 96, 142
Victoria, queen of Great Britain and Ireland, 334
Vindictive, 127
Vist, Norway, 104–5
von Falkenhorst, General Nikolaus, 32, 33, 50–52, 55, 62, 108, 143
von Ribbentrop, Joachim, 49, 66, 165, 367
Walker-Smith, Derek, 158, 176, 189, 262, 353
Wallace, Euan, 72, 277, 304, 310, 318, 369, 379–80, 383
Warburton-Lee, Captain Bernard, 64, 71, 85, 128
Ward Price, George, 212
Warspite, HMS, 86, 128
Watching Committee, 194–5, 237, 247, 253–4, 295–6, 298
Watson, Edith, 41
Waugh, Evelyn, 81, 93, 95, 111, 127, 144, 150, 354
Wavell, Field Marshal Archibald, 242
Webb, Maurice, 281
Wedgwood, Josiah, 218, 266–8, 285, 309–10
Wegener, Admiral Wolfgang, 53
Weld-Forester, Cecil, 7th Baron Weld-Forester, 296
Welles, Sumner, 180
Werstad, Torlaug, 104, 404, 405
Wesermünde, Germany, 31, 52
Western Offensive, 27
Wheeler-Bennett, Jack, 395
Whistler, Rex, 224
Whitsun Adjournment Debate, 233
Whitworth, Admiral William ‘Jock’, 69, 71, 85–8, 118, 120, 125–6, 128
Wilhelm Heidkamp, 28
Wilkinson, Ellen, 144, 169, 342
Williams, Francis, 336
Williams, Herbert, 296–8, 344, 358
Wilson, Harold, 249, 389
Wilson, Sir Horace, 40, 179, 288, 298, 345, 356, 381–3, 385, 388–9, 402, 410
Winn, Godfrey, 166
Wise, Roy, 307, 380
Wolmer, Lord, see Palmer, Roundell, Viscount Wolmer
Wood, Dorothy, Countess of Halifax, 12, 14, 135, 190–1, 214, 322, 325
Wood, Edward, 1st Earl of Halifax, 190–216
Altmark incident, 45–7
appearance, 196
biographies, 9, 17
Chamberlain, relationship with, 14, 169, 185, 186, 277, 409–10
Churchill, candidacy of, 320
coalition government, formation of, 16, 361–9, 371–4, 377, 379, 385–98, 403
crisis of 1931, 241
death (1959), 403
dentistry, 391–2
Dorchester, residence at, 205–6, 269
fishing, 196
Garrowby Hall, Yorkshire, 191–3
and ghosts, 191, 213, 325, 394
grouse shooting, 91
Hankey’s letter on ‘Weserübung’, 54
horse riding, 196
on House of Commons, judgement of, 8
hunting, 192, 335
at Little Compton, Gloucestershire, 190–91, 200, 213–16, 325, 368
Metcalfe, ‘Baba’, relationship with, 16, 18, 190–216, 280, 325–6, 331, 335–8, 368, 403–4
Munich Agreement (1938), 166
Nazi Germany, relations with, 14, 190, 192, 203–4
Norway Campaign, 75, 84–6, 110, 112, 116, 135, 193, 222
Norway Debate, 8, 9, 10, 11, 261, 265, 269, 280, 291, 292
Norwegian frontier mistake, 67
and Operation ‘Gelb’, 377–8, 384
Operation ‘Wilfred’, 39–40, 43, 44, 47, 57–9, 64, 79–80
personal attributes, 195–9
premiership, candidacy for, 10, 11, 18, 177, 192–3, 240, 249–50, 305, 321–9, 331–40, 344–59
pronunciation, 151, 197
and Reform club, 244, 245
religiosity, 198, 325
Royal family, relations with, 198, 395, 397
and telephones, 191–2, 193
treason, Churchill’s accusation of, 222, 364
and Trondheim, 84–6, 112, 116
as Viceroy of India, 152, 192, 197, 200, 202, 204, 214, 323
and Watching Committee, 193–5
and weekend parties, 191–2
Wood, Sir Kingsley, 113, 205, 244, 290, 305, 323, 325, 340, 353–6, 366, 384–5, 400
Wood, Richard, Baron Holderness, 211
Wood, Sir Kingsley, 9–10, 39
Woolf, Virginia, 158
Woolton, Lord, see Marquis, Frederick, Lord Woolton
World At War, 253
World Crisis, The (Churchill), 13
Worsley, T. C., 36
Yeats, W. B., 370
York, HMS, 103, 142, 146–7, 252
Zeebrugge Raid (1918), 130–32
Ziegler, Philip, 9, 13, 14–15, 404
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3: Operation ‘Wilfred’
fn1 His Air Intelligence was weak. There was scarcely one bomber in the Luftwaffe capable of reaching London from Mannheim, over 500 miles away. The real air threat did not develop until after the fall of France.
fn2 Eden wrote in his diary that it was less a reshuffle than ‘a game of musical chairs’. Wood and Hoare swapped Ministries, prompting Peter Fleming to ask: ‘Why take the trouble to change places when it would have been simpler just to change names?’
4: The First Crunch
fn1 The War Cabinet did not know much about Norway. On 3 January, Leslie Hore-Belisha had asked ‘if Bergen was the capital’. General Ironside still viewed the country through the prism of his memories with the Allied Expedition to Archangel in 1918. He assured Chamberlain’s wife that you could hear the Aurora Borealis ‘crackling in the forests’, and ‘you seemed literally to see the flowers growing’. Halifax mistook a railway line for the Norwegian frontier; while Churchill invested the Norwegians with the fierce military characteristics of their Viking forebears, about whom he had recently been writing – ‘beyond all challenge the most formidable and daring race in the world’. He was dumbfounded when, in Halifax’s words, they ‘totally failed to blow up any railway line or obstruct the German advance anywhere’.
6: Flea and Louse
fn1 On the mainland. On 9 April at 4 p.m., Lieutenant George Stanning and torpedo officer George Heppel had visited the pilot station at Tranøy to seek information on German forces in Narvik.