A Brief History of Life in Victorian Britain
Page 35
14 Laurence Housman, Victoria Regina. Jonathan Cape, 1937, p. 12.
15 Scheele, The Prince Consort, p. 95.
16 Quoted in John Matson, Dear Osborne. Hamish Hamilton, 1978, p.53.
17 Quoted in Hough, Victoria and Albert, p. 92.
18 Quoted in Elizabeth Longford, Victoria R.I. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973, p.l34.
19 Quoted in Michael Paterson, Churchill, His Military Life. David & Charles, 2005, p. 116.
20 Hardy, Queen Victoria Was Amused, p. 184.
21 Quoted in James Montgomery, 1900. George Allen & Unwin, 1968, p.188.
22 Giles St Aubyn, Queen Victoria: A Portrait. Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991, p. 340.
23 Housman, Victoria Regina, p. 12.
24 Quoted in St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, pp. 482–3.
25 Quoted in Hardy, Queen Victoria Was Amused, p. 186.
26 Quoted in Erickson, Little Majesty, p. 255.
27 Quoted in Hardy, Queen Victoria Was Amused, p. 186.
28 Daily Telegraph, 23 January 1901, quoted in Montgomery, 1900, p. 239.
29 Housman, Victoria Regina, programme notes, Lyric Theatre, London, 1937, p. 2.
Chapter 2: The Masses
1 James Greenwood, The Seven Curses of London. Stanley Rivers & Co., 1869.
2 James Grant, Sketches in London, W. S. Orr, 1838, p. 225.
3 Both extracts quoted in E. Royston Pike (ed.), Human Documents of the Age of the Forsytes. Victorian Book Club, 1972, p. 260.
4 Quoted ibid.
5 Clara Collett, quoted ibid., pp. 78–9.
6 General William Booth, In Darkest England and the Way Out. Charles Knight & Co., 1970, p. 20.
7 Quoted in Geoffrey Pearson, Hooligan. A History of Respectable Fears. Macmillan, 1983, p. 129.
8 Quoted ibid., p. 94.
9 Steve Jones, Capital Punishments: Crime and Prison Conditions in the Victorian Capital. Wicked Publications, 1992, p. 46.
Chapter 3: What They Ate
1 Quoted in Reay Tannahill, Food in History. Eyre Methuen, 1973, p. 329.
2 Quoted in E. Royston Pike (ed.), Human Documents of the Age of the Forsytes. Victorian Book Club, 1972, p. 156.
3 Author’s collection.
4 ‘A Member of the Aristocracy’, Manners and Rules of Good Society. Frederick Warne & Co., 1908 (thirty-fifth edition; originally published 1888), p. 108.
5 William Thackeray, The Book of Snobs. Smith Elder, 1894, pp. 213–14.
6 Quoted in Jennifer Brennan, Curries and Bugles: A Memoir and Cookbook of the British Raj. Penguin Books, 1990, p. 24.
7 Ibid., p. 24.
8 Ibid., p. 25.
9 Quoted in Judy Spours, Cakes and Ale. The Golden Age of British Feasting. The National Archives, 2006, p. 93.
10 Kate Colquhoun, Taste: The Story of Britain through its Cooking. Bloomsbury, 2007, pp. 305–6.
Chapter 4: Taste
1 Arthur Schlesinger, Saunterings in and about London. Nathaniel Cook, 1853, pp. 3–4.
2 E. T. Cook and Alexander Wedderburn (eds), The Works of John Ruskin. Longmans, Green, 1904, p. 459.
3 George Augustus Sala, Twice Round the Clock. Richard Marsh, London, 1862, p. 188.
4 Schlesinger, Saunterings, p. 6.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid., p. 7.
7 Ibid., p.10.
8 Sala, Twice Round the Clock, p. 81.
9 Quoted in E. Royston Pike (ed.), Human Documents of the Age of the Forsytes. Victorian Book Club, 1972, p. 222.
10 George Grossmith and Weedon Grossmith, Diary of a Nobody. Collins, 1955, p. 27.
11 Quoted in Shirley Nicholson, A Victorian Household. Barrie and Jenkins, 1988, p. 24.
12 Charles Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, The Educational Book Company, 1910.
13 Sir Hugh Casson, ‘Red House, Bexleyheath, Kent, 1859’, in Edward Hollamby (ed.), Arts and Crafts Houses. Phaidon, 1990, vol. I, p. 4.
14 Ibid.
Chapter 5: Getting About
1 Walter Besant, in Illustrated London News, Diamond Jubilee number, June 1897, p. 50.
2 Illustrated London News, quoted in Christian Wolmar, The Subterranean Railway. Atlantic Books, 2004, p. 27.
3 John Woodforde, The Story of the Bicycle. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1970, p. 19.
4 Augustus Muir, Scotland’s Road of Romance. Methuen, 1934, pp. 195–6.
5 Quoted in Woodforde, The Story of the Bicycle, pp. 112–13.
6 Quoted ibid.
7 Mrs F. Harcourt Williamson, ‘The Cycle in Society’, in A. C. Pemberton, The Complete Cyclist. A. D. Innes, 1897, pp. 47–8.
8 Earl of Albemarle and G. Lucy Hillier, Cycling. Badminton Library, Longmans, Green, 1896, pp. 183–210.
9 Albemarle and Hillier, Cycling, pp. 183–210.
10 Williamson, ‘The Cycle in Society’, pp. 47–8.
11 Ibid.
12 Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, ‘The Utility of Motor Cars’, in Lord Northcliffe (ed.) Motors and Motor-Driving. Badminton Library, Longmans, Green, 1902, pp. 25–7.
13 Alan Hardy, Queen Victoria Was Amused. John Murray, 1976, p. 131.
Chapter 6: Religion
1 R. W. Church, The Oxford Movement, 1891, quoted in Clive Dewey, The Passing of Barchester. Hambledon Press, 1991, p. xi.
2 Quoted in Alan Warwick, The Phoenix Suburb. The Norwood Society, 1972, p. 129.
3 L. C. B. Seaman, Victorian England. Methuen, 1973, p. 13.
4 Charles Dickens, Sketches by Boz. Chapman & Hall, n.d., p. 20.
5 Ibid., p. 21.
6 Ernest H. Shepard, Drawn from Memory. Methuen, 1957, pp. 45–6.
7 Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit. Educational Book Company, 1910, p. 29.
8 Geoffrey Best, Mid-Victorian Britain, 1851–75. Fontana, 1985, p. 185.
9 Dorothy Wise (ed.), The Diary of William Tayler, Footman, 1837. Westminster City Archives/St Marylebone Society, 1998, p. 16.
10 Wise, The Diary of William Tayler, p. 20.
11 Best, Mid-Victorian Britain, p. 197.
12 Charles Dickens, Sketches by Boz. Chapman & Hall, n.d., p. 27.
13 Molly Hughes, A Victorian Family. Sidgwick & Jackson, 1990, p. 59.
14 Quoted in Warwick, The Phoenix Suburb, p. 129.
15 Mrs Ellis, The Daughters of England, Their Position in Society, Character and Responsibilities. Fisher, Son & Co., 1845, pp. 162–3.
16 Hughes, A Victorian Family, pp. 58–9.
17 Ibid.
18 A. K. H. Boyd, Twenty-five Years of St Andrews, Longman’s Green & Co., 1892, vol. I, p. 32.
19 Ibid., p. 165.
20 Ibid., p. 303.
21 Ibid., p. 32.
22 Ibid., p.178.
23 Shepard, Drawn from Memory, p. 45–6.
24 Hughes, A Victorian Family, pp. 59–61.
25 Seaman, Victorian England, p. 21.
26 Wise, The Diary of William Tayler, p. 27.
27 Zuzanna Schonfeld, The Precariously Privileged. Oxford University Press, 1987, pp. 50–1.
28 Edith Buxton, Reluctant Missionary. Lutterworth Press, 1968, p. 34.
29 George Augustus Sala, Twice Round the Clock. Richard Marsh, London, 1862, pp. 80–1.
30 Norman Grubb, C. T. Studd. Cricketer and Pioneer. Religious Tract Society, 1933, pp. 11–12.
31 Ibid., p. 15.
32 Buxton, Reluctant Missionary, p. 25.
33 Ibid., p. 29.
Chapter 7: Etiquette and Fashion
1 ‘A Member of the Aristocracy’, Manners and Rules of Good Society. Frederick Warne & Co., 1908 (thirty-fifth edition; originally published 1888), p. 111.
2 Ibid., p. 19.
3 Ibid.
4 Quoted in E. A. Laborde, Harrow School, Yesterday and Today. Winchester Publications, 1948, p. 88.
5 Leila von Meister, Gathered Yesterdays. Geoffrey Bles, 1963, p. 139.
6 Ernest H. Shepard, Drawn from Memory. Methuen, 1957, p. 46.
7 ‘A Member of the Aristocracy’, Manners and Rules, p. 20.
8 Ibid., p. 22.
10 Ibid., p. 34.
11 Mrs Humphrey (‘Madge’ of Truth), Manners for Men. James Bowden, 1898, p. 94.
12 Punch, 23 January 1892, p. 42.
13 Florence Howe Hall, Social Customs. Estes & Lauriat, 1897, p. 178.
14 Hall, Social Customs, p. 175.
15 ‘A Member of the Aristocracy’, Manners and Rules, p. 228.
16 Hall, Social Customs, p. 179.
17 Ibid., p. 181.
18 Dorothy Wise (ed.), The Diary of William Tayler, Footman, 1837. Westminster City Archives/St Marylebone Society, 1998, p. 72.
19 George Augustus Sala, Twice Round the Clock. Richard Marsh, London, 1862, pp. 113–14.
Chapter 8: The Office
1 George Augustus Sala, Twice Round the Clock. Richard Marsh, London, 1862, p. 83.
2 Shaw Desmond, London Nights of Long Ago. Duckworth, 1927, pp. 50–1.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 Quoted in Trevor Fisher, ‘Britain’s Unpermissive Society’. History Today, vol. 42, August 1992, p. 40.
7 Walter Besant, in Illustrated London News, Diamond Jubilee number, June 1897, p. 45.
8 L. H. Grindon, Manchester Banks and Bankers. David Bogue, 1878, p. 174.
9 Charles Dickens, Sketches by Boz. Chapman & Hall, n.d., pp. 123–4.
10 Quoted in Alan Delgado, The Enormous File: A Social History of the Office. John Murray, 1979, p. 21.
11 Quoted ibid., p. 43.
12 Quoted ibid., p. 40.
13 Quoted ibid., p. 39.
14 Desmond, London Nights, pp.51–3.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
Chapter 9: Leisure
1 Author’s collection.
2 Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men in a Boat. J. W. Arrowsmith, 1889, p. 197.
3 The Revd Sabine Baring-Gould, quoted in Charles Quest-Ritson, The English Garden Abroad. Viking, 1992, p. 14.
4 Author’s collection.
Chapter 10: The Press and Literature
1 Alan Lee, The Origins of the Popular Press, 1855–1914. Croom Helm, 1976, p. 88.
2 Quoted in the Daily Telegraph, 10 May 1998.
Chapter 11: Arms and the World
1 Quoted in H. V. Morton, A Traveller in Rome. Methuen & Co., 1957, p. 238.
2 Charles Dickens, Great Expectations. The Educational Book Company, 1910, p. 152.
3 Shaw Desmond, London Nights of Long Ago. Duckworth, 1927, p. 59.
4 Quoted in David Newsome, The Victorian World Picture. John Murray, 1997, p. 117.
5 Quoted ibid., p. 116.
6 Letters from B.A.C., privately printed, London, 1880, pages un-numbered.
7 Walter Besant, in Illustrated London News, Diamond Jubilee number, June 1897, p. 41.
8 Punch, 17 February 1854.
9 Quoted in Henri Troyat, Tolstoy, Penguin Books, 1970, p. 165.
10 John Galsworthy, The Forsyte Saga, William Heinemann, 1950, p. 486.
11 Winston Churchill, My Early Life. Thornton Butterworth, 1930, pp. 88–9.
12 John Whitehead (ed.), The Barrack-Room Ballads of Rudyard Kipling. Hearthstone Publications, 1995, p. 34.
13 Quoted in Newsome, The Victorian World Picture, p. 110.
14 Galsworthy, The Forsyte Saga, p. 486.
FURTHER READING
Ames, Winslow, Prince Albert and Victorian Taste. Methuen, 1967.
Anderson, Gregory, Victorian Clerks. Manchester University Press, 1975.
Bennett, Will, Absent-Minded Beggars. Leo Cooper, 1999.
Best, Geoffrey, Mid-Victorian Britain, 1851–75. Fontana Press, 1985.
Bolland, R. R., Victorians on the Thames. Midas Books, 1974.
Calder, Jenny, The Victorian Home. Book Club Associates, 1977.
Davidoff, Leonore, The Best Circles. Society, Etiquette and the Season. Croom Helm, 1973.
Delgado, Alan, The Enormous File. A Social History of the Office. John Murray, 1979.
Dewey, Clive, The Passing of Barchester. Hambledon Press, 1991.
Dutton, Ralph, The Victorian Home. Bracken Books, 1964.
Erickson, Carolly, Her Little Majesty. Simon & Schuster, 1997.
Flanders, Judith, Consuming Passions. Leisure and Pleasure in Victorian Britain. Harper Press, 2006.
———, The Victorian House. HarperCollins, 2003.
Hardy, Alan, Queen Victoria Was Amused. John Murray, 1976.
Hart-Davis, Adam, What the Victorians Did for Us. Headline, 2001.
Heasman, Kathleen, Evangelicals in Action. Geoffrey Bles, 1962.
Hitchmough, Wendy, The Arts and Crafts Home. Pavilion, 2000.
Horn, Pamela, High Society. The English Social Elite, 1880–1914. Sutton Publishing, 1992.
———, The Rise and Fall of the Victorian Servant. Sutton Publishing, 1975.
Hough, Richard, Victoria and Albert. Richard Cohen Books, 1996.
Housman, Laurence, Victoria Regina. Jonathan Cape, 1937.
Hughes, Molly, A Victorian Family, 1870–1900. Sidgwick & Jackson, 1990.
Inge, W. R., The Victorian Age. Cambridge University Press, 1922.
Marples, Maurice, A History of Football. Secker & Warburg, 1954.
Massie, Alastair (ed.), A Most Desperate Undertaking. The British Army in the Crimea 1854–56. National Army Museum, 2003.
Metcalf, Priscilla, Victorian London. Cassell, 1972.
Money, Tony, Manly and Muscular Diversions. Duckworth, 1997.
Montgomery, John, 1900. The End of an Era. George Allen & Unwin, 1968.
Newsome, David, The Victorian World Picture. John Murray, 1997.
Newton, Charles, Victorian Designs for the Home. V & A Publications, 1999.
Nicholson, Shirley, A Victorian Household. Barrie and Jenkins, 1988.
Pearson, Geoffrey, Hooligan: A History of Respectable Fears. Macmillan, 1983.
Price, R. G. G., A History of Punch. Collins, 1957.
St Aubyn, Giles, Queen Victoria. Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991.
Steinbach, Susie, Women in England 1760–1914: A Social History. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004.
Weintraub, Stanley, Uncrowned King. The Life of Prince Albert. The Free Press, 1997.
Wise, Dorothy (ed.), The Diary of William Tayler, Footman, 1837. Westminster City Archives/St Marylebone Society, 1998.
Wolmar, Christian, Fire and Steam. Atlantic Books, 2007.
———, The Subterranean Railway. Atlantic Books, 2004.
INDEX
Acton, Elizabeth 58
advertising 65, 279–80
Afghanistan 311–12, 322–3
Albert Edward (‘Bertie’), Prince of Wales 9–10, 16, 20, 22, 29, 185, 217, 259
Albert Monument 81
Albert, Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 7–11
appearance 7, 8
contributions and influence 8–9, 10–15, 18–19
death 20, 97
diplomacy 20
engagement and marriage ceremony 8
as marriage candidate 7–8
‘model dwellings’ 11, 35–6, 77
‘Prince Consort’ title 10–11
as reluctant field marshal 19–20
silk top hat 230
unpopularity 9, 13, 18, 20
Victoria Cross 11, 19, 317
visit to Harrow School 198
see also Royal Family
alcohol 43–4, 47, 62, 69
temperance movement 67, 160
Alexander I, Tsar of Russia 1
Alexandra, Princess of Denmark 217
Alfred, Prince 9–10, 15, 30
Alice, Princess 9–10, 15
Anglican Church 157, 163, 165, 166
architecture 161, 170
and Catholicism (Tractarianism) 158–9, 160, 165, 192
and Church of Scotland 181
and Nonconformists 163–4, 165, 166, 178
apprenticeships 39–40
archery 273
architecture/interior design
artisan dwelli
ngs 77–8
Arts and Crafts 79, 104–8
church 79–80, 161, 169–70
Classical/Italianate 71, 74–6, 77, 83, 88, 99, 120
colour 91–2, 106
early Victorian 77, 86–9
eclectic 99–101
facilities 97–8
fortress and sanctuary 73–6
Georgian 70–1, 74, 86, 95
Gothic/medieval revival 77–8, 77–80, 78–80, 81–2, 88–9, 92
late Victorian 94–6
ornamentation 71–3, 79, 87, 88, 89–91, 92–4, 100–1, 103, 105–6, 108
Queen Anne 72, 102–3
Regency 71, 77, 87, 89, 92, 100
terraces/town houses 74–6, 82–6, 98–9
see also housing
Ariel (tea-clipper) 129–30
Arnold, Thomas 266, 277, 294
Arthur, Prince 9–10
artisan dwellings 77–8
Arts and Crafts movement 79, 104–8
Australia
imports from 56, 57–8, 130
transportation to 50
aviaries 101
Balaclava 314
Balaclava helmet 315
Balfour, Arthur 30
Balmoral, Scotland 14, 21, 27, 229
‘Balmoral’ tartan 11
Baptists see Nonconformists
Barnardo, Dr xiv, 48
Barry, Charles 78
baseball 275
bathrooms 95–6, 101
Beatrice, Princess 9–10
Bedford Park, West London 102–3
Bedford School Mission 167
beef 52–3
Beeton, Mrs Isabella 59, 64
Beeton, Samuel 293
Bell, Alexander Graham xvii
Berthon, Reverend Edward 125
Besant, Annie 42
Besant, Walter xii–xiii, xiv, xvii, 110, 309–10
bicycles 142–8
clothing 148–51
modern/‘safety’ 151
Blackwell, Cumbria 106–8
Bloomer, Mrs Amelia 217
boarding houses 252
boating 255–7, 271–2
Boer War 30, 309, 311, 324, 330–1, 332–6
books 289–92
boys’ 293–5
cookery 58–60, 64, 69
bookshops 291–2
Booth, Charles 47, 243
Booth, William xiv, 47, 166, 186