by Chris Conrad
24. Would you be interested in participating in a more extensive data-gathering project designed to track your symptoms and use of cannabis over time? ______ yes ______ no ______ don’t know
Your name: ____________________
Address: ____________________
Phone: daytime / ________________ evening / ________________ (Feel free to call collect and we can return your call)
(if applicable) Email / ________________ Fax / ________________
What is your gender: ______ Female ______ Male
What is your age: ______
I am currently ______ working ______ on disability ______ retired ______ unemployed ______ a student ______ OTHER:
Feel free to add comments about any of the items on this questionnaire or anything else about the CPR. You are encouraged to give details about your medical history in your own words, particularly if you feel this survey does not adequately address your situation.
Thank you for participating in this survey. If you have additional questions, please contact Sylvia at: CPR, 2121 Commonwealth Avenue, Suite 200-G, Charlotte NC 28205, (704) 3341798, FAX (704) 334-1799, email: [email protected]. I’ll be happy to call you right back.
There are issues about your use of cannabis which you might not want to share, but which can help in getting a clearer picture of what the range of experience of medical cannabis users is. Please answer the following questions only if you are comfortable in doing so.
How do you supply yourself with cannabis? Please check all that are applicable.
______ grow my own
______ donations from friends or acquaintances
______ Cannabis Buyers Club
______ I buy from someone I know
______ I buy from someone I don’t know
______ other / please explain ________________
Have you ever faced legal problems as a result of your medical use of cannabis? ______ yes ______ no
If yes, please check which situation applies to you:
______ I was arrested, the charges were dropped.
______ I’m facing trial. Comments: ________________
______ I was convicted and sentenced to: ________________
______ I went to jail.
Appendix E:
Resources
RESINOUS CANNABIS:
American Civil
Liberties Union
132 W. 43rd St.
New York, NY 10036
212-944-9800
Legal support for civil liberties violations.
Alliance for Cannabis
Therapeutics
PO Box 21210 Dept. E
Washington, DC 20009
202-483-8595
Fax: 703-354-9695
Medical marijuana information.
Americans for Medical Rights
1250 Sixth St. # 202
Santa Monica, CA 90401
310-394-2952
Fax: 310-451-7494
Coordinating state initiatives for medical rights.
American Public Health Association
1015 Fifteenth St. NW # 300
Washington, DC 20005
202-789-5600
Fax: 202-789-5661
Adopted a policy in support of medical marijuana.
Business Alliance for Commerce in Hemp
PO Box 71093
Los Angeles, CA 90071-0093
310-288-4152
Fax: 510-215-8326
[email protected]
Comprehensive cannabis reform organization.
Criminal Justice Policy Foundation
1899 L St. NW # 500
Washington, DC 20036
202-835-9075
Fax: 202-833-8561
[email protected]
Drug policy research and support.
Common Sense for Drug Policy
3619 Tallwood Terrace
Falls Church, Virginia 22041
703-354-5694
Fax: 703-354-5695
[email protected]
Supports human rights in the Drug War.
Drug Policy Foundation
4455 Connecticut Ave. NW # B-500
Washington, DC 20008-2302 202-537-5005
Fax: 202-537-3007
[email protected]
Drug policy research and support.
Human Rights ’95
PO Box 1716
El Cerrito, CA 94530
510-215-8326
Fax: 510-215-8326
[email protected]
Prisoner case histories, analysis, photo exhibit.
Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies
2121 Commonwealth Avenue
Charlotte, NC 28205-3048 704-334-1798
Fax: 704-334-1799
[email protected] http://www.maps.org
Supports FDA-approved research on cannabis and psychedelics.
Marijuana Policy Project
PO Box 77492
Washington, DC 20013
202-462-5747
Fax: 202-232-0442
[email protected]
http://www.mpp.org
Cannabis reform lobbyists.
National Organization to Reform Marijuana Laws
1001 Connecticut Ave NW # 1010
Washington, DC 20036
202-483-5500
[email protected]
http://www.norml.org
Cannabis reform education & organization.
INDUSTRIAL HEMP PRODUCTS, HEMPSEED:
Agricultural Hemp Association
PO Box 8534
Denver, CO 80201
303-298-7377
Fax: 303-298-7385
[email protected]
Spearheading industrial hemp legislation.
Hemp Industries Association
PO Box 1080
Occidental, CA 95465
707-874-3648
[email protected]
http://www.thehia.org
Trade association of hemp businesses. Call for a listing of hempseed sources.
International Hemp Association
Postbus 7500
1070AA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Scientific research foundation.
Industrial Hemp Council
PO Box 259329
Madison, WI 53725-9329
608-224-5135
Fax 608-224-5110
[email protected]
Industrial hemp advocates.
Endnotes
Introduction
1. “Deglamorising cannabis,” Lancet 346 (1995): 1241.
2. Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy (Rahway, N.J.: Merck Pharmaceuticals, 1992).
3. L. Grinspoon, “Marihuana as Medicine: A Plea for Reconsideration,” Journal of the American Medical Association 273 (1995): 1875–76.
Hemp: A Plant for All Seasons
1. Coincidentally, hemp and mulberry were used in China to produce the first paper, circa A.D. 100.
2. J. Lamarck, Encyclopedia, vol. 1 (1788), 695.
3. Ruderalis may eventually prove to be a useful source of CBD or other compounds.
4. In tropical zones or in greenhouses, this cycle can be extended for several years. I have seen indoor-grown “mother plants” used for making clones that have been in production for six years or more.
5. Indoor growing techniques using clones can now reduce this length to 1–2 cm.
6. L. Dewey, “Hemp,” Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture, 1913. (Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1914), 286–87.
7. Seed, herbal, and biofuel uses remove more soil nutrients and require more nutrient replacement.
8. 2.5–4 mm (1/10–3/16 in.) thick. 3–6 mm (1/8–¼ in.) long. Weight: 0.008–0.027 g. Dewey, “Hemp.”
9. Ibid.
10. This includes balancing the pH level of acidity, and eliminating certain soil pathogens.
11. Based on analysis of government-seized marijuana by the federal Mississippi Potency Monitoring Project, University of
Mississippi, marijuana potency is fairly stable. Figures are: 1982, 3.5; 1983, 3.23; 1984, 2.39; 1985, 2.82; 1986, 2.3; 1987, 2.93; 1988, 3.29; 1989, 3.06; 1990, 3.36; 1991, 3.36; 1992, 3.0; 1993, 3.32. The study is sometimes criticized for focusing on relatively low-grade Mexican cannabis.
12. The ratio of several compounds affects its efficacy, including THC and CBD.
13. E. P. M. de Meijer, “Hemp Variations As Pulp Source Researched in The Netherlands,” Pulp and Paper (July 1993): 41–43.
14. C. Waller, “Chemistry of Marijuana,” Pharmacological Reviews 23 (1971):4.
15. G. Fournier and M.R. Paris, “Le Chanvre Papetier (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultive en France: Le Point sur ses Constituants,” Plantes Medicinales et Phytotherapie 13 (1979): 116–21.
16. J. Beutler and A. Der Marderosian, “Chemotaxonomy of Cannabis I. Cross-breeding Between Cannabis Sativa and C. Ruderalis, with Analysis of Cannabinoid Content,” Economic Botany 32 (1978): 387–394.
17. W. Booth, “Marijuana Receptor Exists In Brain, Study Confirms,” Washington Post (August 9, 1990).
18. H. van der Werf, Crop Physiology of Fibre Hemp (Wageningen, The Netherlands: Proefschrift Wageningen, 1994).
Cannabis Through the Millennia
1. T. Mikuriya, Marijuana: Medical Papers, 1839–1972 (Oakland, CA: MediComp Press, 1973).
2. R. Mechoulam, Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1986).
3. N. Patnaik, The Garden of Life: An Introduction to the Healing Plants of India (New York, NY: Doubleday Books, 1993), 8.
4. Dioscorides, Materia Medica, 3.165.
5. Anicia Juliana, 512.
6. Caius Plinius Secundus, De Historia Natura, 20.97.
7. C. Galen, De Facultatibus Alimentorum, 100.49.
8. K. Jones, Nutritional and Medicinal Guide to Hemp Seed (Gib-sons, BC: Rainforest Botanical Laboratory, 1995), 15–19.
9. E. Abel, Marihuana: The first 12,000 years (New York: Plenum Press, 1980), 139–40.
10. G. Da Orta, Colloquies on the Simples and Drugs of India, 1563, Henry Southern, trans. (London, 1913).
11. Abel, Marihuana, 119.
12. N. Culpeper, Complete Herbal (London: Richard Evans Co., 1814), 91.
13. J. J. Moreau, “Lypemanie avec Stupeur: Tendence á la demence, Traitement par l’extrait Guerison, Resineux de Cannabis indica,” Gazette des Hopitaux Civils et Militaires 30 (1857): 391.
14. W. B. O’Shaughnessy, “On the Preparation of Indian Hemp, or Gunjah,” Translations of the Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta (1842): 421–461.
15. He gave some cannabis to Peter Squire, whose pharmacy began to prepare Squires Extract.
16. G. B. Wood and F. Bache, Dispensatory of the United States (Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Brambo and Co., 1854), 339.
17. J. R. Reynolds, “On the Therapeutical Uses and Toxic Effects of Cannabis Indica,” Lancet 1 (1890): 637–38.
18. M. Sassman, “Cannabis Indica in Pharmaceuticals,” Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey 35 (1938): 51–52.
19. Cases of multiple drug users intravenously injecting boiled suspensions of cannabis were followed by severe problems. Chills, muscle aches, weakness, abdominal cramps, slowed respiratory rate, and low blood pressure were uniformly observed. Other patients experienced diarrhea, vomiting, very rapid pulse, elevated body temperature, enlarged spleen and liver, pulmonary congestion, and abnormal kidney function in reaction to the intravenous injection of plant material. Don’t do it! See N. E. Gary and V. Keylon, “Intravenous administration of marihuana,” Journal of the American Medical Association 11 (1970): 501.
20. Du Pont, Annual Report, 1937.
21. L. Du Pont, “From Test Tube to You,” Popular Mechanics (June 1939):805.
22. Senate Committee on Finance, Hearing on HR 6906 (July 12, 1937).
23. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Marihuana and Health, A Report to Congress from the Secretary (March, 1971), 54.
24. R. S. El-Mallakh, “Marijuana and Migraine,” (Farmington, CT: University of Connecticut Health Center, Dept. of Neurology, 1987).
25. A. T. Weil, N. E. Zinberg, and J. M. Nelsen, “Clinical and Psychological Effects of Marihuana in Man,” Science 162 (1968): 1234–42; L. D. Chait, “Delta-9 THC Content and Human Marijuana Self-administration,” (Chicago, IL: Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 1989).
26. K. Green and T. F. McDonald, “Ocular Toxicology of Marijuana: Update,” Journal of Toxicology 6 (1987): 239–382; R. Hepler and R. Petrus, “Experiences with Administration of Marijuana to Glaucoma Patients,” The Pharmacology of Marijuana, Braude and Szara, eds. (New York: Raven Press), 63–94.
27. L. E. Hollister, “Hunger and Appetite after Single Doses of Marihuana, Ethanol and Dextroamphetamine,” Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1971); R. C. Randall, Cancer Treatment and Marijuana Therapy (Washington, DC: Galen Press, 1990).
28. Sallan, et al., “Antiemetics in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Cancer,” New England Journal of Medicine 302 (1980): 135.
29. V. Vinciguerra, T. Moore, and E. Brennan, “Inhalation Marijuana as an Antiemetic for Cancer Chemotherapy,” NY State Journal of Medicine 88 (1988): 525–27.
30. R. Doblin and M. Kleiman, “Marihuana as Anti-emetic Medicine: A Survey of Oncologists’ Attitudes and Experiences,” Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991): 1275–80.
31. G. Fournier, et al., “Identification of a New Chemotype in Cannabis sativa: Cannabigerol Dominant Plants, Biogenetic and Agronomic Prospects,” Planta Medica 53 (1987): 277–80; S. Cohen, Therapeutic Potential of Marijuana’s Components, American Council on Marijuana and Other Psychoactive Drugs (1982); E. A. Formukong, A. T. Evans, and F. J. Evans, “Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Constituents of Cannabis sativa L.,” Inflammation 12 (1988): 361–71; Consroe, et al., “Open Label Evaluation of Cannabidiol in Dystonic Movement Disorders,” International Journal of Neuroscience 30 (1986): 277–82; J. M. Cunha, et al., “Chronic Administration of Cannabidiol to Healthy Volunteers and Epileptic Patients,” Pharmacology 21 (1980): 175–85; Meinck, Schonle, and Conrad, “Effect of Cannabinoids on Spasticity and Ataxia in MS,” Journal of Neurology 236 (1989): 120–22; Sandyk, et al., “Effects of Cannabidiol in Huntington’s Disease,” Neurology 36 (1986): 342.
32. I. G. Karniol and E. A. Carlini, “Pharmacological Interaction between Cannabidiol and 9-THC,” Psycho-pharmacologia 33 (1973): 53–70; I. G. Karniol, et al., “Cannabidiol Interferes with the Effects of delta 9THC in Man,” European Journal of Pharmacy 28 (1974): 172–77.
33. A.W. Zuardi, et al., “Effects of Cannabidiol in Animal Models Predictive of Anti-psychotic Activity,” Psychopharmacology 104 (1991): 260–64.
34. Mechoulam and Feigenbaum, “Progress towards Cannabinoid Drugs,” Medicinal Chemistry 2 (1987): 159–207.
Sympathetic Health-Care Systems
1. M. A. Weiner and J. Weiner, Herbs That Heal (Mill Valley, CA: Quantum Books, 1994), 225–26.
2. C. Bennet, L. Osburn, and J. Osburn, Green Gold and the Tree of Life: Marijuana in Magic and Religion (Frazier Park, CA: Access Unlimited, 1995), 102, 104, 105, 108, 144.
3. E. M. Brecher and the editors of Consumer Reports, Licit and Illicit Drugs: The Consumers Union Report (New York: Little, Brown and Co., 1972), 397–98.
4. J. Zand, R. Walton, and B. Roundtree, Smart Medicine for a Healthier Child (Garden City Park, NY: Avery, 1994), 73–75, 432–34.
5. One possible problem and a common criticism of homeopathy is that, rather than treating the underlying condition, it might serve to mask certain symptoms, thus making accurate diagnosis more difficult.
6. J. Kleijnen, P. Knipschild, and G. ter Riet, “Clinical trials of homeopathy,” British Medical Journal 302 (1991): 316.
7. G. H. G. Jahr, New Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia and Posology of the Preparation of Homeopathic Medicines (Philadelphia, PA: J. Dobson, 1842), 137.
8. W. Boericke, Homeopathic Materia Medica: Comprising the Characteristic and Gu
iding Symptoms of the Remedies (Irthlingborough, England: Woolnough Bookbinding Ltd., 1987), 160–62.
9. B. Dash, Fundamentals of Ayurvedic Medicine, 4th ed. (New Delhi, India: Bansal and Co., 1984), ix–xvi, 141–57. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with three popular ayurvedic drugs: cannabis, garlic, and haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz). Ayurvedic texts describe them as products of amrita (ambrosia). Cannabis is also used as a psychotropic agent.
10. Atharva Veda, xi, 8(6) 15.
11. In Satya yuga, it was white; in Treta yuga, red; in Dvapara yuga, yellow; and in Kali yuga, green.
12. Brahamana type plant is white; Ksatriya, red; Vaisya, green; and Sudra, black.
13. Four different types of mantras have been prescribed in Sri Kali Nityarcana for purification of different types of cannabis.
14. Janmausadhi-mantra-tapah-samadhijah siddhayah, Yoga Sutra IV: I.
15. Susruta samhita, sutra 15:41.
16. Srikali Nityarcana (1955).
17. Panini, v, 2.29.
18. Anandakanda (1952), 236.
19. Designated at one, three, five, six, nine, ten, eleven, or thirteen leaflets in a set, Anandakanda, 236.
20. Cannabis obtained from the male plant and the pollinated female plant is commonly known as bhang. That obtained from the virgin female plant is called ganja, and is stronger than bhang. Charas is the resin collected from living plants.
21. One recipe mentions that the medicine should first be offered to Lords Shiva, Indra, Kamadeva, and Gananatha, and thereafter it should be offered to Fire, while reciting a mantra. Dash, Fundamentals of Ayurvedic Medicine.
22. A tropical disease characterized by anemia, gastrointestinal disorders, sore throat, etc.; psilosis.
23. Dash, Fundamentals of Ayurvedic Medicine.
24. Susruta samhita, Kalpa 15:5.
25. In Anandakanda a complete chapter is devoted to the description of cannabis and how to process it for therapeutic rejuvenation. Also see Dash, Fundamentals of Ayurvedic Medicine, 147–48.
26. Mahabharata, I 76, 43–68.
The Cannabinoids
1. M. A. ElSohly, et al., “Constituents of Cannabis saiva L. XXIV: The potency of confiscated marijuana, hashish and hash oil over a 10-year period,” Journal of Forensic Sciences 29(1984).
2. R. C. Clarke and D. W. Pate, “Medical Marijuana,” Journal of the International Hemp Association l (1994): 9–12.