No Such Thing As Society
Page 44
43. Christopher Hitchens, ‘Not yet Dead Yet’, in Unacknowledged Legislation, Writers in the Public Sphere, Verso, 2000, p. 127.
44. Quoted in Andrew Roth, Parliamentary Profiles 1987–1991, vol.II, E–K, Parliamentary Profile Services, London, 1989, p. 534.
45. Dan Fisher, ‘Split between Britain, U.S. seen as inevitable’, Los Angeles Times, 19 April 1990.
46. Guardian, 11 October 1989.
47. Sunday Times, 9 December 1990.
48. Observer, 18 November 1990.
49. Independent, 24 January 1990.
50. Sunday Times, 16 December 1990.
51. Sarah Helms, ‘Census will include question about race’, Independent, 14 November 1989.
CHAPTER 6
1. Simon Weston, Walking Tall, An Autobiography, Bloomsbury, London, 1989, p. 131.
2. Hansard, 17 December 1980, written answers col. 225.
3. Hansard, 2 December 1980, col. 651.
4. Quoted in Max Hastings and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, Michael Joseph, London, 1983, p. 24.
5. Peter Beck, The Falkland Islands as an International Problem, Routledge, London, 1989.
6. Hansard, 2 December 1980, cols 129–34.
7. Pierre F. de Villemarest, The Strategists of Fear – Twenty Years of Revolutionary War in Argentina, Voxmundi, Geneva, 1980. The bookshop where I was working in 1980 was one of the recipients of a free copy of this book.
8. Whitley Bay Guardian, 9 January 1981.
9. Henry Leach, Endure No Makeshifts, Some Naval Recollections, Leo Cooper, London, 1993.
10. John Nott, Here Today, Gone Tomorrow – Recollections of an Errant Politician, Politico’s, London, 2003, pp. 213–4.
11. Admiral Sandy Woodward, with Patrick Robinson, One Hundred Days – The Memoirs of the Falklands Battle Group Commander, HarperCollins, London, 2003, p. 82.
12. Alan Clark, Diaries – Into Politics, ed. by Ion Trewin, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2000, p. 305.
13. Hugo Young, One of Us: A Biography of Margaret Thatcher, Pan, London, 1990, p. 275.
14. John Nott, Here Today, Gone Tomorrow, p. 257.
15. David Colville, ‘Invasion and Occupation – The Story of a Stanley Resident’, 2000, at www.falklands-malvinas.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=679.
16. The Times, 5 April 1982.
17. Daily Star, 3 April 1982.
18. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, HarperCollins, London, 1993, p. 183.
19. Hansard, 3 April 1982, cols 639, 641.
20. Alan Clark, Diaries – Into Politics, pp. 312–13.
21. Hansard, 3 April 1982, col. 661.
22. Hansard, 3 April 1982, cols 654–5.
23. The Times, 6 April 1982.
24. James Reston, ‘A Matter of Honor’, New York Times, 7 April 1982.
25. Hansard, 7 April 1982, col. 994.
26. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 208.
27. This exchange is posted on YouTube at http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v= rGxsLbK9F0A.
28. Sun, 4 May 1982.
29. Peter Chippindale and Chris Horrie, Stick it up Your Punter – The rise and fall of the Sun, Mandarin, London, 1992, pp. 117–19.
30. David Hart-Dyke, Four Weeks in May – A Captain’s Story of War at Sea, Atlantic Books, London, 2008, pp. 84–5.
31. Robert Harris, Gotcha! The Media, The Government and the Falklands Crisis, Faber and Faber, London, 1983, pp. 66–7.
32. Sandy Woodward, One Hundred Days: The Memoirs of the Falklands Battle Group Commander, Naval Institute Press, London, 1997, p. 27.
33. Private Eye, 9 April 1982.
34. Sun, 29 April 1982.
35. Robert Harris, Gotcha!, p. 72.
36. Hansard, 6 May 1982.
37. Sun, 7 May 1982.
38. Daily Mirror, 8 May 1982.
39. Daily Star, 22 May 1982.
40. Giles Radice, Diaries 1980–2001: From Political Disaster to Election Triumph, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2004, p. 71.
41. Nicholas Henderson, Mandarin: The Diary, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1994, p. 461.
42. Andy McSmith, ‘The Popular Reaction’, The Empire Strikes Back – Some Views on the Falklands War, Tyneside Ad Hoc Committee for Peace in the Falklands, Newcastle, 1982, p. 21.
43. Carol Thatcher, A Swim-on Part in the Goldfish Bowl – A Memoir, Headline, London, 2008, p. 106.
44. David Hart-Dyke, Four Weeks in May, p. 150.
45. ‘Factsheet No.16’, Statistical Digest of By-election Results in the 1979–1983 Parliament, House of Commons Public Information Office, London, 1983.
46. Max Arthur, Above All Courage – First–Hand Accounts from the Falklands Front Line, Sphere, London, 1985, p. 139.
47. Simon Weston, Walking Tall, p. 147.
48. Guardian, 17 October 2007.
49. Letter from HM Treasury Information Rights Unit, 19 December 2008, received in response to a Freedom of Information request.
50. Figures taken from Table 2.1, ‘Defence’, March 1983.
51. Hansard, 23 December 1982, written answers col. 632.
52. Along with all Margaret Thatcher’s speeches, the speech to the Conservative Rally at Cheltenham, 3 July 1982, is available in full at www.margaretthatcher. org/speeches/.
53. Sir Rex Hunt, ‘A Welcome Visit’, in Iain Dale (ed.), Margaret Thatcher, A Tribute in Words and Pictures, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2005, p. 90.
54. The Times, 27 July 1982.
55. Guardian Weekly, 1 August 1982.
56. Hansard, 25 June 1986, written answers, cols 161–2.
57. ‘Report of the Board of Inquiry into Loss of an Army Airs Corps Gazelle over the Falkland Islands on 6 June 1982’, 6 November 1986, unpublished. This and other unpublished inquiry reports can be found in the Freedom of Information Publication Scheme on the Ministry of Defence website.
58. ‘Report of the Inquiry into the Death of Argentine Prisoner of War Suboficial Primero (SIMQ) Felix Artuso’, 30 April 1982, unpublished.
59. ‘Board of Inquiry (Report) – Loss of SS Atlantic Conveyor’, 21 July 1982, unpublished.
60. ‘Loss of HMS Sheffield – Board of Inquiry’, 28 May 1982, unpublished, Annex J ‘Analysis of Attack and Response’, pp. J2, J3 and J5.
61. Sandy Woodward, One Hundred Days, pp. 237–8.
62. Daily Mirror, 9 August 1982.
63. Philip Williams, with M.S. Power, Summer Soldier, The True Story of the Missing Falklands Guardsman, Bloomsbury, London, 1991.
64. Press Association, 11 November 1991.
65. Sunday Mail (Glasgow), 29 January 1989.
66. Guardian, 26 May 1988.
67. The Times, 1 June 1988.
68. Margaret Thatcher, speech on Pinochet at the Conservative Party Conference, 6 October 1999, at www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp? docid=108383.
CHAPTER 7
1. The Times, 9 August 1984.
2. The Times, 20 October 1981.
3. The Times, 21 January 1984.
4. Chris Dunckley, Financial Times, 10 February 1982.
5. Sean Hardie and John Lloyd, Not The Nine O’Clock News, BBC, London, 1980, p. 11.
6. Lewis Chester, Tooth & Claw, the Inside Story of Spitting Image, Faber and Faber, London, 1986, p. 52.
7. Lewis Chester, Tooth & Claw, p. 68.
8. Roger Law, with Lewis Chester, Still Spitting at Sixty: from the ’60s to my Sixties, a Sort of Autobiography, HarperCollins, London, 2005, p. 137.
9. Bryan Appleby, ‘The Infamous Puppeteers are Brought to Book’, The Times, 30 September 1985.
10. Chester Lewis, Tooth & Claw, pp. 108–9.
11. Michael Church, The Times, 14 February 1981.
12. Decca Aitkenhead, ‘What Are You Looking At?’, Guardian, 19 June 2004.
13. Hobart Mercury, 24 June 1989.
14. This quotation appears in a BBC obituary of Spike Milligan, 2 April 2002, posted at www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A710047. I have been unable to
find the original.
15. Christopher Dunkley, Financial Times, 22 July 1987.
16. Independent, 29 September 1989.
17. Independent, 17 November 1989.
18. Campaign, 10 November 1989.
19. Andrew Collins, Heaven Knows I’m Miserable Now: My Difficult 80s, Ebury Press, London, 2004, p. 241.
20. Wally the dog was much talked about during a free rock concert in Windsor, which I covered as a journalist in 1975.
21. Paul Manning, How to be a Wally, Futura, London, 1983.
22. Steve Clark, The Only Fools and Horses Story, BBC, London, 1998, p. 11.
CHAPTER 8
1. David Douglass and Joel Krieger, A Miner’s Life, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983, pp. 2–5.
2. Francis Beckett and David Hencke, Marching to the Fault Line, the 1984 Miners’ Strike and the death of Industrial Britain, Constable, 2009, pp. 47–8.
3. J. Wake, interview with David Akerman of ITN. See Michael Crick, Scargill and the Miners, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1985, p. 98.
4. V.L. Allen, The Militancy of British Miners, Moor Press, Shipley, 1981, p. 140.
5. Hansard, 3 April 1984, col. 808.
6. Johann Hari, ‘Comrades up in arms’, New Statesman, 10 June 2002.
7. Financial Times, 22 January 1982.
8. The Times, 21 March 1984.
9. The Times, 7 March 1984.
10. The report was leaked to the Economist, 27 May 1978. It is quoted at length in Huw Beynon (ed.), Digging Deep, Issues in the Miners’ Strike, Verso, London, 1985, pp. 35–56.
11. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, HarperCollins, London, 1993, pp. 140–41.
12. Nigel Lawson, The View from No. 11: Memoirs of a Tory Radical, Bantam, London, 1992, p. 140.
13. Ibid., p. 154.
14. Ibid., p. 157.
15. Kim Howells, ‘Stopping Out, the Birth of a New Kind of Politics’, in Huw Beynon (ed.), Digging Deep, pp. 143–6.
16. Stella Rimington, Open Secret, The Autobiography of the Former Director General of MI5, Arrow, 2002, p. 163.
17. Hansard, 20 March 1984.
18. Francis Beckett and David Hencke, Marching to the Fault Line, p. 61.
19. The Times, 24 March and 26 March 1984.
20. Guardian, 19 November 1984.
21. The full speech notes are on the website of the Margaret Thatcher Foundation at www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=105563..
22. Ian MacGregor, Enemies Within. The Story of the Miners’ Strike, HarperCollins, London, 1986, p. 220.
23. I should know: I was the press officer in charge of issuing passes at that conference. I had to explain to the Conference Arrangements Committee (CAC) how a solicitor had been in possession of a Daily Express press pass and did not know the answer until the next day. The CAC then announced, to loud cheers from the conference hall, that they had invalidated the pass issued to Sir Larry Lamb, the editor of the Daily Express.
24. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 366.
25. Francis Beckett and David Hencke, Marching to the Fault Line, p. 141.
26. Hansard, 30 October 1984, col. 1158.
27. Arthur Scargill, ‘We could surrender – or stand and fight’, Guardian, 7 March 2009.
28. The Times, 29 October 1984.
29. For an exhaustive account of Windsor’s involvement with the NUM and the 1990 allegations against Scargill and Heathfield, see Seumas Milne, The Enemy Within, The Secret War Against the Miners, Verso, London, 2004.
30. Roy Greenslade, ‘Sorry Arthur’, Guardian, 27 May 2002.
31. Sunday Express, 21 May 2000, 7 July 2002.
32. Stella Rimington, Open Secret, pp. 163–4.
33. Guardian, 8 September 2001.
34. Jill Miller, You Can’t Kill the Spirit: Women in a Welsh Mining Village, Women’s Press, London, 1986, quoted in Francis Beckett and David Hencke, Marching to the Fault Line, p. 172.
35. Francis Beckett and David Hencke, Marching to the Fault Line, p. 205.
36. IRV/8 and IRV/9 from the documents headed ‘The Cost of the Miners’ Strike in 1984–5’, released by the Treasury on 30 June 2008.
37. Figures for the total workforce are from the Coal Authority. Current membership figures for the NUM and UDM are from the Certification Officer.
38. Barrie Clement and Ian Herbert, ‘Still Fighting, 20 Years On’, Independent, 5 March 2004.
CHAPTER 9
1. Bob Geldof (with Paul Vallely), Is That It?, Guild Publishing, 1986, pp. 213–4, 215.
2. BBC News, 15 November 1984.
3. This information comes from an unpublished memorandum presented to a ministerial meeting held at the Foreign Office, 28 October 1984, now in the Cabinet Office archives.
4. Note by Charles Powell, private secretary to the prime minister, 29 October 1984; Cabinet Office archives.
5. Bob Geldof, Is That It?, p. 10.
6. Midge Ure, If I Was . . ., the Autobiography, Virgin, 2004, p. 132.
7. Boy George with Spencer Bright, Take It Like a Man: the Autobiography of Boy George, Pan, 1995, pp. 303–4.
8. Martin Kemp, True – The Autobiography of Martin Kemp, Orion, London, 2000, pp. 113–4.
9. Midge Ure, If I Was . . ., p. 145.
10. Bob Geldof, Is That It?, p. 218.
11. Daily Mirror, 7 June 1983.
12. John Wilson, ‘Chasing the Blues Away’, New Statesman, 15 May 2008.
13. The Lady’s Not for Spurning, BBC Four, 25 February 2008.
14. Michka Assayas, Bono on Bono – Conversations with Michka Assayas, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 2005, p. 112.
15. The Times, 27 September 1980.
16. Alexis Petridis, ‘Ska for the madding crowd’, Guardian, 8 March 2002.
17. Testimony of General Sharon to the Israeli Commission of Enquiry, 25 October 1982, quoted in David Gilmour, Lebanon: The Fractured Country, Sphere, London, 1984, p. 176.
18. Andrew Collins, Still Suitable for Miners – Billy Bragg: The Official Biography, Virgin, London, 1998, p. 116.
19. Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party 1985, p. 178. A party researcher named Tony Manwaring and I originally had the job of trying to convince Smith that Billy Bragg would be an asset to the Jobs and Industry Campaign. He was notably reserved in his reaction until he had been home to Edinburgh, but came back enthused.
20. Daily Express, 29 May 1986.
21. Andrew Roth, Parliamentary Profiles, vol. II E–K, Parliamentary Profile Services, London, 1989, p. 437.
22. Liverpool Echo, 7 January 1985.
23. Joe Haines, Maxwell, Guild Publishing, London, 1988, p. 399.
24. Midge Ure, If I Was . . ., p. 151.
25. Bob Geldof, Is That It?, p. 257.
26. Ibid., p. 258.
27. Ibid., p. 261.
28. Laura Jackson, Bono, The Biography, Piatkus, London, 2001, p. 70.
29. Interview for Weekend World, London Weekend Television, 16 January 1983. The full text is on the website of the Margaret Thatcher Foundation at www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=105087.
30. Bob Geldof, Is That It?, p. 314.
CHAPTER 10
1. Peter Chippindale and Chris Horrie, Stick it up Your Punter – The rise and fall of the Sun, Mandarin, London, 1992, p. 240.
2. Peter York and Charles Jennings, Peter York’s Eighties, BBC Books, London, 1995, p. 117.
3. Economist, 23 July 1983.
4. Financial Times, 10 August 1983.
5. Guardian, 28 October 1991.
6. The figures are taken from a letter dated 21 October 1983 from the Inland Revenue, addressed to John Moore, the financial secretary of the Treasury. It was one of a batch of Treasury documents released after a Freedom of Information request on 3 November 2009.
7. Letter from the chancellor of the exchequer to the prime minister, 6 February 1984.
8. Letter from John Moore to John Driscoll, Inland Revenue, 15 February
1984.
9. Letter from Andrew Turnbull, private secretary to the prime minister, to an official of the Inland Revenue, 1 March 1984; Inland Revenue press release, 13 March 1984.
10. Information from Nigel Farage, MEP, son of Guy Farage.
11. Michael Lewis, Liar’s Poker, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1989, p. 184.
12. Margaret Thatcher, speech to the Institute of Socio–Economic Studies, New York, 15 September 1975. Full text on the website of the Margaret Thatcher Foundation at www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?doc id=102769.
13. Keith Joseph, Stranded in the Middle Ground?, Centre for Policy Studies, London, 1976.
14. Mark Garnett, From Anger to Apathy, The British Experience since 1975, Jonathan Cape, London, 2007, p. 233.
15. Tatler, July/August 1986, quoted in John Rentoul, The Rich get Richer, The Growth of Inequality in Britain in the 1980s, Unwin, London, 1987, p. 11.
16. Geoffrey Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, Macmillan, London, 1994, p. 143.
17. Adrian Hamilton, The Financial Revolution, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1986, p. 33.
18. Financial Times, 11 December 1982.
19. Michael Lewis, Liar’s Poker, pp. 163–4.
20. Financial Times, 18 September 1985.
21. Hansard, 11 December 1979, written answers cols 565–6.
22. Interview with the author.
23. Christopher Hird, ‘New Mirror Fades: Interview with Clive Thornton’, Marxism Today, August 1984.
24. Midge Ure, If I Was . . ., the Autobiography, Virgin, 2004, pp. 75–6.
25. I was also in Newcastle for that by–election and was privileged to borrow this wondrous new machine, which I took into a pub where the Geordies crowded around to examine it. One woman, curious about the correct positioning of its thick black aerial, inquired innocently: ‘Do you do it with it sticking straight up?’
26. Margaret Thatcher, speech to Conservative Party Conference, 10 October 1986. Full text at www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid =106498.
27. The Times, 3 June 1985.
28. Washington Post, 24 November 1980; Harry Whewell, ‘Word Wise’, Guardian, 6 September 1981.
29. Drinking in Great Britain, IAS Factsheet, Institute of Alcohol Studies, St Ives, Cambridgeshire.
30. Ann Barr and Peter York, The Official Sloane Ranger Diary: The First Guide to the Sloane Year, Ebury, London, 1983, p. 82.