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Leaves of Grass: First and Death-Bed Editions

Page 94

by Walt Whitman


  [There Was a Child Went Forth]

  There Was a Child Went Forth

  There was a child went forth every day

  There was a child went forth every day

  These Carols

  These carols sung to cheer my passage through the world I see

  These I Singing in Spring

  These I singing in spring collect for lovers

  They shall arise in the States

  Thick-sprinkled Bunting

  Thick sprinkled bunting! flag of stars!

  Think of the Soul

  This breast which now alternate burns

  This Compost

  This Day, O Soul

  This day, O Soul, I give you a wondrous mirror;

  This Dust Was Once the Man

  This is thy hour O Soul, thy free flight into the wordless

  This latent mine—these unlaunch’d voices—passionate powers

  This moment yearning and thoughtful sitting alone

  This Moment Yearning and Thoughtful

  Thither as I look I see each result and glory retracing itself and nestling close, always obligated

  Thou hast slept all night upon the storm

  Thou Mother with Thy Equal Brood

  Thou Orb Aloft Full-Dazzling

  Thou orb aloft full-dazzling! thou hot October noon!

  Thou reader throbbest life and pride and love the same as

  Thou Reader

  Thought

  Thought

  Thought

  Thought

  Thought

  Thought

  Thought of Columbus, A

  Thoughts

  Thoughts

  Thoughts

  Thoughts.

  Thoughts.

  Thoughts.

  Thoughts, suggestions, aspirations, pictures

  Through the ample open door of the peaceful country barn

  Through the soft evening air enwinding all

  Time to Come

  To a Certain Cantatrice

  To a Certain Civilian

  To a Common Prostitute

  To a Foil’d European Revolutionaire

  To a Historian

  To a Locomotive in Winter

  To a President

  To a Pupil

  To a Stranger

  To a Western Boy

  To Be at All

  To be at all—what is better than that?

  To conclude, I announce what comes after me.

  To Foreign Lands

  To get betimes in Boston town I rose this morning early

  To Get the Final Lilt of Songs

  To Him That Was Crucified

  To Old Age

  To One Shortly to Die

  To Rich Givers

  To Soar in Freedom and in Fullness of Power

  To the East and to the West

  To the Garden the World

  To the garden the world anew ascending

  To the Leaven’d Soil They Trod

  To the leaven’d soil they trod calling I sing for the last

  To the Man-of-War-Bird

  To the Pending Year

  To the Reader at Parting

  To the States

  To the States or any one of them, or any city of the States, Resist much, obey little

  To the States, To Identify the 16th, 17th, or 18th Presidentiad

  To the Sun-set Breeze

  To Thee Old Cause

  [To Think of Time]

  To Think of Time

  To think of time—of all that retrospection

  To think of Time ....to think through the retrospection

  To Those Who’ve Fail‘d

  To those who’ve fail‘d, in aspiration vast

  To You

  To You

  To You

  To-day a rude brief recitative

  To-day and Thee

  To-day, from each and all, a breath of prayer—a pulse of thought

  To-day, with bending head and eyes, thou, too, Columbia

  Torch, The

  Transpositions

  Trickle Drops

  Trickle drops! My blue veins leaving!

  True Conquerors

  Turn O Libertad

  Turn O libertad, for the war is over

  Twenty Years

  Twilight

  Twilight Song, A

  Two Rivulets

  Two Rivulets side by side

  U

  Unexpress‘d, The

  Unfolded Out of the Folds

  Unfolded out of the folds of the woman man comes unfolded, and is always to come unfolded

  Unnamed Lands

  United States to Old World Critics, The

  Unseen Buds

  Unseen buds, infinite, hidden well

  Untold Want, The

  Upon the ocean’s wave-worn shore

  Upon this scene, this show

  V

  Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night

  Virginia-The West

  Visor‘d

  Vocalism

  Vocalism, measure, concentration, determination, and the divine power to speak words

  Voice from Death, A

  Voice of the Rain, The

  W

  Wallabout Martyrs, The

  Wandering at Morn

  Warble for Lilac-Time

  Warble me now for joy of lilac-time, (returning in reminiscence,)

  Washington’s Monument, February 1885

  We All Shall Rest at Last

  We are all docile dough-faces

  We Two Boys Together Clinging

  We Two, How Long We Were Fool’d

  Weapon shapely, naked, wan

  Weave In, My Hardy Life

  Weave in, weave in, my hardy life

  Welcome, Brazilian brother—thy ample place is ready;

  What a fair and happy place

  What Am I After All

  What am I after all but a child, pleas’d with the sound of my own name? repeating it over and over

  What are those of the known but to ascend and enter the Unknown?

  What Best I See in Thee

  What General has a good army in himself, has a good army:

  What hurrying human tides, or day or night!

  What may we chant, O thou within this tomb?

  What Place Is Besieged?

  What place is besieged, and vainly tries to raise the siege?

  What Ship Puzzled at Sea

  What ship puzzled at sea, cons for the true reckoning?

  What Think You I Take My Pen in Hand?

  What you give me I cheerfully accept

  When his hour for death had come

  When I Heard at the Close of the Day

  When I heard at the close of the day how my name had been receiv’d with plaudits in the capitol, still it was not a happy night for me that follow‘d

  When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer

  When I Peruse the Conquer’d Fame

  When I peruse the conquer’d fame of heroes and the victories of mighty generals, I do not envy the generals

  When I Read the Book

  When I read the book, the biography famous

  When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom‘d

  When old Grimes died, he left a son

  When painfully athwart my brain

  When the Full-Grown Poet Came

  When, staunchly entering port

  Where the city’s ceaseless crowd moves on the livelong day

  While Behind All Firm and Erect

  While behind all, firm and erect as ever

  While my wife at my side lies slumbering, and the wars are over long

  While Not the Past Forgetting

  Whispers of heavenly death murmur‘d I hear

  WHISPERS OF HEAVENLY DEATH

  Whispers of Heavenly Death

  Who are you dusky woman, so ancient hardly human

  Who has gone farthest? for I would go farther

  Who includes diversity and is Nature

&nb
sp; Who is reading this?

  [Who Learns My Lesson Complete]

  Who Learns My Lesson Complete?

  Whoever You Are Holding Me Now in Hand

  Whoever you are, I fear you are walking the walks of dreams

  Why reclining, interrogating? why myself and all drowsing?

  Why, who makes much of a miracle?

  Wild, wild the storm, and the sea high running

  With All Thy Gifts

  With all thy gifts America

  With Antecedents

  With Husky-Haughty Lips, O Sea!

  With its cloud of skirmishers in advance

  Woman Waits for Me, A

  Women sit or move to and fro, some old, some young

  Word over all, beautiful as the sky

  World Below the Brine, The

  World Take Good Notice

  World take good notice, silver stars fading

  Wound-Dresser, The

  Y

  Year of Meteors (1859-60)

  Year of meteors! brooding year!

  Year That Trembled and Reel’d Beneath Me

  Years of the Modern

  Years of the modern! years of the unperform‘d!

  Yet, Yet, Ye Downcast Hours

  Yet, yet, ye downcast hours, I know ye also

  Yonnondio

  You Felons on Trial in Courts

  You just maturing youth! You male or female!

  You lingering sparse leaves of me on winter-nearing boughs

  You Lingering Sparse Leaves of Me

  You Tides with Ceaseless Swell

  You tides with ceaseless swell! you power that does this work!

  You who celebrate bygones

  Young Grimes

  Youth, Day, Old Age and Night

  Youth, large, lusty, loving—youth full of grace, force, fascination

  a

  Titles of First Edition poems are presented in brackets. Whitman did not title the twelve poems in the First Edition but gave them titles as he included them in subsequent editions (see “Publication Information”).

  b

  In Whitman’s time, New York City was divided into sections called wards; the

  “Bloody Sixth” ward was the most infamous.

  c

  Whitman lists different types of people, from Kanucks (French Canadians) to Tuckahoes (coastal Virginians) to congressmen to Cuffs (African day-name for a male born on a Friday).

  d

  Possibly a reference to Whitman’s brother Jeff, who was mentally ill and confined to an asylum.

  e

  Nicknames for people from Indiana, Wisconsin, and Ohio.

  f

  Mouthpieces of wind instruments; also, in the singular, the shape the mouth

  makes when blowing. The term is derived from the French word of the same

  spelling that means “mouth” or “mouthpiece.” Whitman was fond of using foreign

  terminology (particularly French expressions) in his work—a seeming irony for this

  self-declared “American Adam” of poetry.

  g

  That is, a curlicue; a writerly flourish.

  h

  Friends; another example of Whitman’s fondness for French expressions.

  i

  Tubercular swelling of the neck glands; an example of the poet’s interest in med

  icine and medical terminology, to be tested and expanded during his years as a

  Civil War nurse.

  j

  Whitman is describing the making of an elixir, as an example of “positive sci

  ence”; stonecrop is a plant used in curative medicines.

  k

  An ancient Egyptian ornamental figure, typically oval or oblong, that carries a design, inscription, or name; Whitman developed his knowledge of Egyptian culture during years of visiting the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities on Broadway.

  l

  Inspiration.

  m

  That is, the male genitals; the coulter is the prong that directs a plow into the turf. In this section, Whitman mixes references to farming and nature with descriptions of male genitals and sexuality.

  n

  Cultivation.

  o

  A clam; note in the next line Whitman’s segue from the clam shell to the “shell” of the human body.

  p

  Ant.

  q

  A camp, often temporary, out in the open.

  r

  Another instance of Whitman’s use of French, this time the word for “pupil.”

  s

  Reference to African witchcraft practiced in the New World.

  t

  Member of an ascetic ancient Hindu sect; gymnosophists did not wear clothing

  and practiced meditation.

  ‡Shastras (“shastas” is a misspelling) and Vedas are sacred Hindu texts; the Koran

  is the holy book of Muslims.

  §Aztec temples.

  u

  Slang for a native of Sumatra.

  v

  Midwife (French); two lines below, “exquisite flexible doors” have been interpreted

  to mean the vaginal canal. See also the poem “Unfolded Out of the Folds” (p. 533).

  w

  Whitman takes liberties with spellings in this passage: Esquimaux is his plural of “Eskimo”; Bedowee designates “Bedouin”; and tabounschik is a slang term for Middle Eastern nomads.

  x

  Masturbators (from the biblical tale of Onan in Genesis 38).

  y

  Plural of “sweetness” (French).

  z

  Hiding place.

  aa

  Victim of a skin disease called erysipelas.

  ab

  Common name for an African-American laborer.

  ac

  Nickname for a Yankee or New Englander.

  ad

  Titles of First Edition poems are presented in brackets. Whitman did not title the twelve poems in the First Edition but gave them titles as he included them in subsequent editions (see “Publication Information”).

  ae

  Like English poet William Blake (1757-1827), Whitman often made up words and

  spellings. “Habitan” is his variant of “inhabitant”; he also personalized the spelling

  of the Alleghenies, America’s oldest mountain range.

  af

  Images (Greek); as Whitman explains in his manuscript “Notebook on Words” (lo

  cated in the Feinberg Collection at the New York Public Library): “Ei-dó-lon (Gr)

  phantom—the image of a Helen of Troy instead of a real flesh and blood woman.”

  ag

  The title, which looks like Latin but isn‘t, is another example of Whitman’s indi

  vidualized use of language. The meaning is “I am imperturbable.”

  ah

  Algonquian name for Manhattan Island. Whitman’s favorite brother, Thomas Jef

  ferson Whitman, named his daughter Manahatta [sic]; she was born in 1860, the

  same year “Me Imperturbe” was first included in Leaves of Grass.

  ‡Whitman’s term for the gifted vision of a seer-prophet.

  ai

  “Paumanok” is the Algonquian name for Long Island, where Whitman indeed got

  his start: He was born in Huntington, Suffolk County, and his birthplace is now a

  state historic site.

  aj

  Quaker designation for May. Whitman was proud of his family’s Quaker ties; he wrote essays on Quakers Elias Hicks and George Fox for his prose miscellany November Boughs (1888).

  ak

  Musical terms, from the Italian, for “sweet” and “sentimental, affected person.”

  al

  That is, one who waits.

  am

  Siberian seaport; more commonly spelled Okhotsk.

  an

  Slave caravan.

  ao

  In the previous four lines, the poet tours mountain ranges in
China, Siberia,

  India, Austria, Italy, and Iceland.

  ap

  The poet “sees” Druids at the groves of Mona, an ancient sacred site in Anglesey, an island off the coast of northwestern Wales; the plants mistletoe and vervain are associated with practices of the Druids.

  aq

  Depending upon the time of year, the poet is looking on a late-afternoon or an

  early-evening sky—in other words, he is returning home to Brooklyn after a day’s

  labor in Manhattan. The poem’s original title was “Sun-down Poem,” and Whitman

  sets this scene by placing the sun “there”—that is, in the west—“half an hour high.”

  ar

  The poet sees his reflection illuminated by the sun behind him, causing the “halo effect” described here.

  as

  The French word for “foliage”—yet another reference to “leaves.”

  at

  Ancient name for Egypt.

  au

  Minor Roman officials who cleared the way for chief magistrates.

  av

  The structural supports (keelsons) of this ship are built from one of Whitman’s

  most significant plant types, the live oak (see endnote 23 to the “Calamus” cluster).

  The supports that bear strain (the knees) are made from the tamarack or American

  larch tree.

  aw

  New York City’s Crystal Palace, a wonder itself and an exhibition area for the latest discoveries and inventions; it opened in 1853 and was destroyed by fire in 1858.

  ax

  The nine Muses, ancient sister goddesses who were guiding spirits for an array of

  arts and sciences.

  ay

  Dryads and hamadryads are wood nymphs—in this case, the voices of the redwood trees of the title.

  az

  A rubber-like gum.

  ba

  Give birth! (French).

  bb

  “Whitman’s misused French, meaning ”emerge.“

  bc

  The mother, or “ma femme” (French for “my wife”) of the last lines, is Democracy personified; the newborn infant is liberated France.

 

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