The Age of Faith

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The Age of Faith Page 190

by Will Durant


  Peloponnesus (Morea), 27, 118, 434, 651

  Pembroke, Richard de Clare, Earl of, 682

  Pembroke, William Marshal, Earl of, 677

  penalties, 113-114, 374, 567, 620, 662, 820, 825, 829, 830, 844, 1075

  ecclesiastical, 755

  feudal, 568

  for heresy, 782-783

  professorial, 917

  penance, 415, 543, 735, 738, 739, 764, 821, 824, 974, 985

  penitential days, 359

  formulas, 824

  Penitentials, 739, 821

  penny, 626

  Pentateuch, 184, 350, 353, 356, 367, 377, 383, 409, 410, 416, 939

  Pentecost, 75, 358, 751

  Pepin I, 460

  Pepin II, 461, 534

  Pepin III the Short, 261, 292, 452, 463, 525, 662

  Pepin, son of Charlemagne, 471

  Pepin, King of Aquitaine, 472, 473

  Pepo, 916

  Perceval, 1019, 1045, 1046, 1047

  Perceval le Gallois (Chrétien), 1045

  Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris, 948

  Pereyaslavl, 653, 656

  perfecti, 771

  Perfectus, 300, 301

  Périgueux, churches at, 868

  Peri stephanon (Clemens), 56

  perjury, 569, 755, 829, 928

  Perotinus, 899

  perpetual-motion machine, 996

  persecution, 282, 285, 289, 348, 349, 364, 366, 370, 373, 389, 395, 415, 418, 427, 428, 440, 528, 533, 769, 784, 945, 1015

  Persepolis, 136, 142, 148, 149

  Persia, 3, 13, 17, 19-20, 22, 49, 108, 110, 118, 119, 128, 129, 136-152, 155, 156, 157, 171, 185, 188, 195, 196, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 219, 224, 225, 230, 232, 238, 240, 245, 247, 249, 251-252, 258, 264, 267-270, 271, 273, 274, 276, 278, 279, 310, 315, 317, 329, 340, 341, 343, 348, 366, 369, 389, 404, 423, 424, 441, 442, 572, 616, 769

  eastern, 200

  northeastern, 217

  Sasanian, 136-150, 238, 309, 343, 441

  western, 136

  Persian Gulf, 151, 155, 203, 207, 208, 616, 993

  Persians, 4, 20, 22, 89, 116, 136-152, 186*, 190, 192, 195, 202, 208, 216, 225, 243, 251-252, 264, 269, 270, 275, 280, 292, 318, 328, 348, 423, 424, 425, 446, 451, 874, 876

  Persis, 142

  Persons, three, 940, 969

  Perspectiva communis (John Peckham), 995

  perspective, 925, 995, 1008

  Perugia, 706, 708, 761, 793, 795, 809, 815, 888, 998

  Peruzzi family, 628, 889

  Pessinus, 18

  pestilences, 836, 1003

  Petachya of Ratisbon, 404

  Peter of Abano, 956, 988

  Peter Asen, 657

  Peter of Blois, 958

  Peter of Castelnau, 774, 803

  Peter Damian, St., 542, 735, 768, 787, 907, 1018, 1023, 1068, 1078

  Peter I the Great, 1082

  Peter the Hermit, 585, 589

  Peter of Ireland, 961

  Peter Lombard, 953, 965, 966-967, 1009, 1077

  Peter Martyr (Piero da Verona), St., 783

  Peter of Montreuil, 694

  Peter, Prior of Holy Trinity, 736

  Peter, St., 53, 84, 523, 526, 739, 1079

  Peter of St. Omer, 997

  Peter the Venerable, 390, 786, 911, 944, 946-947

  Peter’s Pence, 767, 1041

  Peterborough Cathedral, 871, 884

  Peterhouse, Cambridge, 926

  Petit, Jean, 952

  Petrarch, 126, 1037, 1039, 1081, 1082, 1085, 1086

  Petronilla, Queen, 698

  Petronius Arbiter, 41, 1018

  Petrus Hispanus, 999-1000, 1005, 1009, 1016

  Petrus Peregrinus, 996, 1016

  Phaedo (Plato), 912

  Phantasticus (Lully), 979

  Pharisees, 350, 367

  pharmacology, 245-246, 403, 999

  Pheidias, 5, 10, 133

  Philip I, 541, 589, 668, 688

  Philip II Augustus, 393, 548, 564, 599, 602, 606, 611, 672, 673, 674, 675, 677, 685, 688-690, 691, 695, 715, 738, 756, 766, 774, 825, 1085

  Philip III, 1075

  Philip IV the Fair, 393, 566, 568, 610, 615, 644, 648, 680, 685, 694*, 695-697, 729, 756, 766, 782, 812-816, 821, 823, 1052, 1085

  Philip VI, 696, 986

  Philip, Count of Flanders, 778, 1045

  Philip of Swabia, Holy Roman Emperor, 763

  Philo Judaeus, 240, 250, 416

  philology, 305, 368, 395, 396, 437, 528, 1006

  philosopher’s stone, 245, 996

  philosophers, 264, 294, 314, 319, 332, 335, 479, 530, 531-532, 724, 731, 818, 867, 927, 930

  Christian, 1077

  French, 882

  Greek, 244, 258, 283, 1008

  Islamic, 300, 337-338, 719, 919

  Jewish, 405-407, 954

  scholastic, 402, 951, 1009

  philosophy, 121-124, 267, 286, 294, 305, 312, 320, 322, 331, 332, 333, 334, 336, 338, 341, 371, 372, 395, 396, 397, 398, 400, 406-408, 409, 414, 415, 416, 418, 437, 438, 477, 515, 517, 528, 567, 719-720, 802, 807, 808, 821, 844, 876, 879, 899, 903, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 920, 923, 926, 930, 931, 934, 935, 938, 939, 945, 949-983, 984, 988, 989, 1008, 1012, 1014, 1015, 1027, 1052, 1057, 1058, 1062, 1067, 1083-1086

  Arabic, 257, 334, 337-338, 406, 910, 913, 961, 982, 1068

  Byzantine, 121-124

  Catholic, 341

  Greek, 123, 241, 251, 252, 253, 254, 405, 477, 893, 911, 931, 953

  Islamic, 240, 249-257, 335, 336, 342, 343, 403, 982, 1006

  Jewish, 255, 402, 405-401, 910

  Renaissance, 724

  scholastic, 697, 756, 803, 877, 913, 921, 933, 939, 949, 953, 960

  Thomistic, 967-978

  Phlegyas, 1071

  phylacteries, 356

  Phocas, 147, 423, 424

  Photius, 429, 438, 439, 526, 528, 529

  Phrygian mode, 895

  phylarchs, 157

  physicians, 291, 304, 319, 330, 370, 710, 757, 826, 833, 956, 986, 987, 997, 999, 1002

  Christian, 612

  court, 371

  Jewish, 370, 373, 387-388, 403, 404, 612, 1084

  Moslem, 245, 246, 247, 612, 720, 1001, 1084

  physics, 328, 329, 336, 911, 912, 925, 990, 994, 995, 1009, 1010

  Physics (Aristotle), 240, 253, 405, 912, 925, 954, 966

  Physiognomia (Michael Scot), 988

  Physiologus, 1005

  Piacenza, 42, 616, 662, 712, 770, 996

  Council of, 431, 549, 586

  University of, 919

  Pico della Mirandola, 418

  Picts, 22, 80, 489, 501

  pictures, 426, 807, 864, 880

  Pierleoni family, 706, 760

  Piero delle Vigne, 717-719, 724, 962, 1056

  Pierre de Bruys, 778

  Pierre de Dreux (Mauclerc), Duke of Brittany, 880

  Pierre de Montereau, 877, 882

  Pierrefonds, 892

  Piers Plowman, 585

  piety, 267, 294, 336, 356, 358, 389, 416, 431, 433, 467, 471, 527, 736, 804, 810, 822, 844, 896, 944, 1022

  pigments, 997

  pilgrimage, 215-216, 259, 266, 333, 458, 752-753, 783, 806, 877, 878, 884, 992, 1069

  pilgrims, 404, 530, 542, 767, 839, 867, 871, 1002

  pillage, 290, 339, 379, 391, 444, 445, 474, 475, 500, 639, 906

  pillar hermits, 60

  Pinturicchio, 889

  “pious frauds,” 828, 844

  pipe rolls, 980*

  piracy, 290, 436, 465, 506, 509

  pirates, 450, 454, 471, 474, 496, 510, 614, 618, 619

  Pirke Aboth, 363

  Pisa, 404, 448, 457, 474, 586, 592, 602, 612, 616, 617, 638, 663, 705, 707, 713, 729, 756, 779, 854, 861, 862, 863, 868, 989, 990, 1064, 1073, 1080

  Campo Santo, 862

  Cathedral, 457, 855

  Pisani family, 628

  Pistoia, 854, 862, 1062, 1080

  Cathedral, 848

  Placidia, 41

  plague, 116, 423, 435, 520, 558, 716, 1003, 1019 />
  planets, 305, 337, 353*, 985, 991, 1005, 1077, 1078

  planisphere, 244

  planting and reaping, 789

  plants, 797, 853, 860, 987, 994, 997-998, 1005, 1016

  Plato, 9, 16, 65, 66, 70, 73, 122, 123, 138, 240, 250, 251, 335, 381, 406, 477, 506, 784, 820, 912, 931, 933, 941, 949, 950, 959, 965, 971, 1014, 1052, 1070

  Plato of Tivoli, 911

  playing cards, 838

  plays, 701, 752, 840, 841, 1027, 1029

  pleurisy, 471

  plica polonica, 1003

  Pliny, 31, 87, 238, 502, 994, 1005, 1008, 1016, 1017

  Pliska, 443

  Plotinus, 9, 66, 122, 255

  Pneumatics (Philo of Byzantium), 240

  Po River, 40, 451, 616, 645, 646, 708, 710, 712, 714

  podestas, 662, 708, 729, 730, 797

  Poema del Cid, 1031

  poetry, 157, 160, 263-270, 286, 288, 290, 292, 297, 312, 334, 342, 371, 372, 395, 429, 467, 515, 531, 576, 579, 650, 684, 701, 736, 747, 752, 818, 901, 915, 964, 1022, 1036, 1056-1062, 1065-1081, 1085

  allegorical, 1051

  Anglo-Saxon, 489-491

  French, 925

  Gallic, 85-86

  German, 466, 515

  Hebrew, 384, 396-400, 1023

  Icelandic, 508

  Irish, 497-499

  Latin, 466, 1022, 1023, 1027

  love, 563, 750, 979, 1036, 1057, 1061, 1068, 1085

  Moslem, 159-160, 263-270, 300, 306-307, 320, 342, 343

  Persian, 267-270, 319-328

  Portuguese, 702

  pre-Islamic, 259

  religious, 325, 384

  troubadour, 577, 578

  poets, 157, 263-270, 279, 291, 293, 294, 297, 304, 306-307, 309, 312, 319, 340, 371, 372, 395, 396, 495, 497, 576, 579, 666, 673, 701, 731, 827, 903, 1019, 1036, 1056-1058

  Christian, 1068

  German, 575, 905, 1039

  Goliardic, 1025

  French, 882

  Islamic, 159-160, 319-323, 320

  Italian, 1057

  love, 907, 1057

  Norse, 507-509

  Roman, 515

  pogroms, 370, 372, 385, 390, 391, 392, 393, 401, 660

  Balkan, 657

  Poitiers, 85, 91, 94, 292, 577, 643, 851, 951

  Poitou, 393, 675, 690

  Poland, 375, 391, 535, 537, 619, 658-660, 663, 832, 903, 1003

  Poles, 445, 657, 659, 661

  police, 820, 930

  politics, 371, 433, 438, 528, 775, 786, 1032

  ecclesiastical, 828

  Italian, 811

  papal, 521, 524-527

  Shia, 254

  Politics (Aristotle), 912, 966, 974

  Pollentia, 27, 31, 41

  polo, 841

  Polo, Andrea, 993

  Maffeo, 993

  Marco, 242, 309, 318, 404, 710, 993

  Niccolò, 993

  Polycraticus (John of Salisbury), 951-952

  polygamy, 93-94, 137, 172, 179, 181, 183, 222, 348, 362, 380, 503, 505, 530

  polyphony, 899-900

  polytheism, 83, 260, 261, 341, 354, 456, 932

  Pomerania, 510, 659, 660

  Pontine Marshes, 98

  poor (class), 299, 378, 379, 427, 430, 433, 451, 454, 464, 465, 472, 480, 484, 487, 506, 521, 560, 575, 640, 648, 652, 654, 660, 671, 691, 785, 803, 1002

  “Poor Catholics,” 770

  Poor Clares, 805, 806

  Poor Men of Lyons, 770, 780

  Poore, Richard, 806, 885

  poorhouses, 379

  Pope, Arthur Upham, 270*, 274*

  Popes, 50-51, 349, 365, 388-389, 440, 452, 456, 459, 467, 468, 512, 513, 515, 521, 524-527, 528, 533, 537-538, 543, 544, 547, 564, 566, 572, 638, 657, 663, 677, 678, 697, 703, 706-708, 714, 717, 721, 722, 727, 728, 729, 731, 739, 754, 756, 758, 759, 763, 767, 768, 779, 782, 786, 790, 791, 802, 803, 810-812, 815, 831, 845, 862, 930, 968, 988, 1000, 1012, 1041, 1062, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1085

  population, growth of, 642

  pork, 357, 837

  Porphyry, 99, 240, 932, 938

  Port Royal, convent of, 805

  Portinari, Folco, 729, 1059, 1065

  Portiuncula, Assisi, 798, 799, 801

  portolani, 994

  portraiture, 276, 319

  ports, 290, 434, 436, 448, 454, 465, 616, 617, 651, 700, 708

  Portugal, 701-702, 762, 869, 919

  post, 225-226, 299, 621-622

  Posterior Analytics (Aristotle), 911, 912, 925

  potatoes, 837

  pottery, 150, 270, 275, 278, 287, 318, 339, 342, 432, 441, 624, 686, 849, 997

  “pound sterling,” 619, 626

  poverty, 79, 347, 359, 378, 405, 423, 450, 456, 459, 495, 519, 552, 579, 647, 649, 656, 732, 769, 788, 794, 798, 799, 801, 803, 804, 805, 808, 831, 854, 894, 903, 1083

  evangelical, 770, 785, 793, 959

  Islamic, 343

  Jewish, 939

  power, 293, 295, 338, 469, 475, 513, 525, 547, 662, 690, 795, 814, 832, 1062

  Arab, 282

  Bulgarian, 430

  French, 876

  German, 661

  of Greek Empire, 431-437

  imperial, 513, 547

  Mongol, 993

  Norman, 705

  Samanid, 247

  Pozzuoli, 716

  Practica chirurgiae (Roger of Salerno), 1000

  Practica oculorum (Benvenutus Grassus), 403

  Practica geometriae (Leonardo Fibonaca), 990

  Praetextatus, 32-33, 34, 50

  Pragmatic Sanction, 694

  Prague, 660, 664

  Praxiteles, 133, 861

  prayer, 212-214, 259, 356, 382, 383, 518, 527, 738, 742-748, 769, 785, 799, 807, 943, 947, 955, 976, 986, 1021, 1022

  Prayer Book for Roisterers, 900

  preaching, 795, 798, 802, 803

  precarium, 553

  predestinarianism, 252, 477

  predestination, 177, 249, 250, 976, 1078

  pregnancy, 360

  prelates, 391, 427, 433, 461, 473, 475, 511, 513, 526, 579, 675, 682, 718, 799, 811, 849, 854, 861, 867, 1004, 1008, 1013, 1019

  Prema, 72

  Premonstratensians, 791, 941

  Přemyslid dynasty, 660, 661

  presbyteroi, 45

  Preslav, 444, 657

  “Prester John,” 992

  prices, 119, 285, 374, 378, 465, 640, 647, 718, 755, 767, 795, 813, 1084

  priests, 310, 437, 448, 466, 467, 472, 474, 489, 496, 497, 520, 525, 531-532, 648, 695, 756, 757, 758, 765, 768, 769, 772, 825, 839, 864, 895, 900, 907, 913, 914, 937, 1027, 1032, 1054

  “primates,” 758

  primogeniture, 567, 679-680

  Prince, The (Machiavelli), 724

  printing, 263, 611, 906, 1054

  “Priory of the Arts,” 730

  Priscian, 124, 908

  Priscillian, 47, 778

  Priscus, 20, 123

  prisoners, 379, 430, 571, 782, 831, 844

  Probus, 23, 104, 108

  processions, 432, 643, 839, 850, 866, 895, 986

  Proclus, 123

  Procopius, 37, 41, 98, 101, 106, 107, 109, 115, 117, 120, 125-126, 131, 133, 137, 144, 145

  production, 554

  large-scale, 1083

  nationalized, 718

  professions, 359, 371, 553, 696, 908

  professors, 288, 818, 917, 918, 923, 957, 958, 988, 1006, 1009

  profits, 377, 378, 628, 631

  Prognostics (Hippocrates), 912

  Prohaeresius, 9

  prohibitions, 270, 273, 379, 403, 819, 954

  proletariat, 647, 685, 686

  promissory notes, 629

  pronunciation, 903-904

  propanganda, 263, 336, 851, 1063

  Propertius, 466, 1085

  property, 113, 295, 297, 363, 382, 435, 445, 463, 468, 525, 552, 567, 576, 766, 770, 777, 778, 784, 794, 802, 805, 823, 826, 928, 975

  church, 300, 543, 675, 754, 767, 770, 773, 813

  prophecies, 412, 987

  prophets, 261,
365, 867, 987, 1008

  proscription, 470, 780, 954

  prose, 263, 491, 563

  English, 806

  German, 476

  Gallic, 86-87

  Latin, 466, 515, 810

  Persian, 319

  rhymed Arabic, 320

  Prose Edda (Sturluson), 1032

  Proslogion (Anselm), 933

  prosody, 437, 497

  prostitution, 76, 120-121, 157, 380, 433, 467, 554, 693, 806, 822-823, 927, 974, 1025

  Provence, 57, 92, 264, 342, 393, 402, 415, 417, 473, 480, 615, 623, 663, 672, 688, 697, 719, 769, 771, 792, 831, 832, 1056, 1057, 1058

  Proverbs, 353*

  Provins, 615, 643

  Prudentius, Aurelius Clemens, 56, 78

  Prussia, 37, 514, 610, 618, 1000

  Psalms, 161, 184, 325, 356, 397, 479, 748, 915

  psalters, 479, 770, 852, 853

  Psellus, Michael, 438-439, 949

  Pskov, 655

  psychology, 336, 966, 981, 999

  Ptolemy, Claudius, 99, 122, 135, 240, 242, 244, 288, 329, 860, 879, 911, 912, 991, 1009, 1011

  Ptolemy of Lucca, 974*

  public works, 311, 313, 641

  publicity, 693, 908

  publishing, 294, 814, 907-908

  Pudsey, Hugh de, 872

  Pulcheria, 103

  Pullen, Robert, 924

  pulpits, 859, 865

  Pumbeditha, 348, 366, 367, 368

  punctuation, 906, 908

  punishments, 355, 360, 368, 374, 486, 506, 632, 735, 778, 781, 819-820, 937, 943, 1067-1068, 1073

  Punjab, 203

  purdah, 180, 220, 221, 341

  purgation, 1067, 1073

  (medical), 999

  Purgatorio (Dante), 1067, 1073-1076

  purgatory, 523, 735, 740, 784, 834, 1067-1069

  Purim, 359

  Puritans, 820, 884

  Pyrenees, 37, 95, 292, 458, 462, 480, 497, 553, 617, 670, 695, 752, 1030

  pyromancy, 987

  Pythagoras, 135, 820, 985

  Qadarites, 217

  Qadi, al-Fadil al-Baisani al-, 408

  Qaim, al-, 204

  Qairwan, 282, 283, 284, 292, 369, 403, 405

  mosque of, 274, 286, 287

  Qalaun, Sultan, 330

  Qanun-fi-l-Tibb (Avicenna), 223, 224, 248-249, 255, 256-257

  Qaraites, 367, 373, 407, 418

  qasida, 159

  Qasim, 193

  Qasim Muhammad, Abu’l, 296-297

  Qasir, al-, 276

  Qasr-ibn-Wardan, 874

  Qatai, 284

  Qays Majnun, 324

  Qifti, ibn al-, 319

  Qilij Arslan, 590, 595

  Quaternuli (David of Dinant), 955

  Quintessence of Experence (al-Razi), 223

  Quintilian, 1018

  Quinze-vingt, Les, 1002

  quacks, 305, 326, 997

  quadrants, 241, 242

  Quadripartitum (Ptolemy), 240

  quadrivium, 99, 915

  Quaestiones naturales (Abélard), 1003-1004

  quodlibeta, 921

  Quraish, 161-162, 165-171, 182, 191, 192, 228

 

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