The Age of Faith

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The Age of Faith Page 193

by Will Durant

Suqainah, 228

  Sura, 348, 366, 369

  college of, 351, 367, 368

  Surayj, 280

  surgery, 245, 305, 612, 1000-1001, 1084

  Surkh Alam, 209

  surnames, 821

  sursum corda, 749

  Survey of Persian Art (ed. Pope), 270*

  Susa, 136, 148

  Suso (mystic), 810

  suspension bridge, 621

  Suzdalia, 653, 654, 656

  Sverre, King of Norway, 762

  Sviatopolk, 655

  Sviatoslav, 448

  Swabia, 92, 444, 511, 661, 960, 1049

  Swabians, 510, 661, 665

  Sweden, 22, 490, 502, 505, 553, 619, 666, 882

  Swedes, 473, 483, 502, 507, 832

  Sweyn Forkbeard, 493, 502

  swords, Damascene, 275

  Swithin, St., 871

  Swithin’s day, St., 871*

  Switzerland, 384, 615, 663, 687

  Sylvester I, St., 50, 525

  Sylvester II, see Gerbert of Aurillac

  Sylvester III, 540

  symbolism, 808, 994, 1051-1052, 1066, 1067

  in logic, 980

  Symmachus, 23, 30, 31, 32, 34-35, 56, 65, 75, 78, 85, 86, 87, 99

  Symmachus the Younger, 99, 101

  synagogues, 285, 347, 348, 349, 374, 381, 382-384, 388, 711

  Synesius, 27, 61-62

  synod, 546, 1074

  Synthetic Philosophy (Spencer), 966

  Syracuse, 290, 424, 704

  Syria, 3, 19, 46, 49, 55, 60, 62, 107, 117, 118, 119, 128, 134, 135, 138, 143, 145, 146, 150, 151, 156*, 157, 158, 161, 162, 168, 187, 188-191, 192, 196, 200, 202, 206, 208, 218, 219, 224, 225, 230, 235, 238, 239, 241, 245, 258, 262, 263, 273, 276, 278, 282, 284, 285, 308, 310, 311, 312, 315, 317, 318, 341, 343, 348, 416, 424, 425, 430, 431, 439, 440, 442, 528, 530, 572, 586, 590, 592, 593, 607, 608, 609, 616, 654, 716, 798, 865, 874, 913, 984, 990

  Christian, 249, 596, 713

  Monophysite, 525

  Moslem, 366, 596

  Syrian desert, 146, 274

  Syrians, 140, 202, 216, 243, 292, 357, 432, 436, 619

  syphilis, 1002

  Tabari, Abu Jafar Muhammad al-, 144, 210, 238

  Tabaristan, 238, 243, 268

  Tabenne, 58

  Tabriz, 231

  Tacitus, 23*, 30, 31, 37, 76, 283, 466, 502, 515, 1080

  tacking, 615

  Tadmor, see Palmyra

  Tafi, Andrea, 852

  taftah, 278

  Tagaste, 64-66

  Tagliacozzo, battle oí, 726

  Tagus River, 621, 645, 702, 891

  Tahafut al-Filasifa (al-Ghazali), 332

  Tahir, 200, 202

  Taif, 165

  tales, 265, 320, 495, 504, 737, 744, 822, 840, 1018, 1022, 1033, 1042, 1045

  Talha, 191

  Talib, Abu, 162, 165

  Taliesin, 495

  “tallage,” 377-378

  Talmud, 179, 181, 184-186, 347-365, 367, 369, 371, 372, 374, 377, 381, 383, 386, 395, 396, 400-402, 406, 407, 409, 410, 411, 415, 417, 418

  Tancred, King of Sicily, 705

  Tancred of Hauteville, 589, 590, 591

  Tangier, 284, 307

  tannaim, 350, 351

  Tannhäuser, 1039

  tapestries, 432, 491, 835, 850-857

  Taq-i-Bustan, 149

  Taq-i-Kisra, 148-149

  Tara, 82, 84

  tariff, 634, 641, 718

  Tariq, 97, 291

  Tarragona (Tarraco), 37

  Cathedral, 891

  Tarsus, 13, 230, 436, 586

  Tashfin, Yusuf ibn, 307

  Tasrif, al- (Abulcasis), 305

  Tasso, Torquato, 589

  Tatars, 216, 443, 993

  Tauler, Johannes, 810

  Taurus Mts., 146, 590, 652

  taverns, 830, 837, 1054

  taxation, 282, 283, 289, 292, 297-298, 307, 347, 348, 359, 373, 374-375, 377, 382, 392, 425, 427, 436, 442, 480, 485, 513, 555-556 566, 638, 644, 650, 667, 673, 674, 679, 687, 695, 696, 699, 718, 766, 812-813, 815, 885, 893, 927

  Taysir (Avenzoar), 910

  Te Deum laudamus, 750

  teaching, 276, 350, 383, 465, 466, 757, 785, 802, 807, 846-847, 915, 916, 917, 918, 921-924, 949

  Tehran, 231, 246

  Telemachus, monk, 31

  telescope, 288, 925, 1012

  Tell, William, 687*

  tempera, 854

  Tempier, Etienne, 957-958

  Templars, 289, 597, 601-602, 610-611, 629, 680, 695, 697, 713, 815, 821, 1002

  Temple, Jerusalem, 41, 185, 347-348, 353, 356, 359, 384, 593, 607

  Temple Church, London, 681

  Ten Treatises on the Eye (Hunain ibn Ishaq), 246

  tenants, 552, 676, 786

  Tennyson, Alfred, 81, 1052

  Terence, 515

  Tertullian, 46, 69, 78, 533

  “Testament” (St. Francis), 799

  Testry, battle of, 461

  tetanus, 1001

  Tetragrammaton, 354, 416, 417

  Teutonic Knights, 593, 610, 659, 893, 715

  Tewkesbury Abbey, 871

  textiles, 149-150, 207, 278, 285, 287, 318, 375-376, 436, 440, 613, 623-625, 728, 846, 850, 886, 906

  texts, corrupt, 828, 844

  Thabit ibn Qurra, 241

  Thaïs (Anatole France), 60

  Thames River, 483, 487, 493, 617, 676, 681, 924

  thanes, 486, 666

  Theater of Marcellus, Rome, 149

  Thebes, 369, 436, 624

  theft, 360, 569, 829-830

  theists, 331

  themes of Byzantine Empire, 433-434

  Themistius, 11, 123, 337

  Theobald, 670, 951

  Theodahad, 102, 109

  Theodemir, 97

  Theodora, Byzantine Empress (1042-1050; 1055-1056), 430, 431, 438

  Theodora, wife of Justinian I, 105, 106-107, 108, 115, 116, 120, 130, 131, 132, 827

  Theodora, wife of Theophilus, 428, 528

  Theodora, wife of Theophylact, 538

  Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, St., 806

  Theodore I Lascaris, 651

  Theodore II Lascaris, 652

  Theodore of Mopsuestia, 48

  Theodore, Abbot of Studion, 527-528

  Theodoret, 20*

  Theodoric, King of the Franks, 92

  Theodoric I, King of the Goths, 42, 97, 98, 99-101, 110-111, 132, 349, 451, 464

  Theodoric I, King of the Visigoths, 40

  Theodoric II, King of the Visigoths, 95

  Theodoric of Chartres, 878, 950

  Theodosian Code, 103, 111, 387

  Theodosius I the Great, 9, 25-26, 27, 35, 56, 62, 63, 127, 230, 501

  Theodosius II, 39, 49, 121, 123, 124, 126, 348

  Theodosius III, 425

  Theodulf, 466, 467, 468, 470, 536

  Theologia Christiana (Abélard), 941

  theology, 236, 264, 276, 278, 281, 288, 301, 305, 307, 314, 323, 331-332, 335, 336, 337, 338, 395, 401, 405, 414, 434, 437-438, 442, 470, 476, 497, 525, 527, 528, 530, 736, 777, 820, 821, 867, 913, 919, 920, 923, 924, 935, 940, 941, 953, 955, 958, 964, 966, 978, 979, 981, 982, 986, 989, 1000, 1008-1009, 1015, 1016, 1022, 1067, 1073, 1078, 1080

  Catharist, 771-772

  Catholic, 353*, 733, 953, 978

  Christian, 124, 300, 332, 477, 820, 949, 961, 1068

  of Gregory I, 523-524

  Shi’ite, 288

  Jewish, 353-356, 359, 368, 402, 405, 415

  of Justinian, 115-116

  orthodox, 294, 338, 959

  schools of, 311, 808, 923

  treatises on, 429, 521

  Theology of Aristotle, 240, 251, 253

  Theon, 122

  Theophanes, 425, 437, 439, 854

  Theophano, wife of Otto II, 512, 857

  Theophano, wife of Romanus II, 429-430

  Theophilus, 61, 62, 64, 283, 429, 432, 438, 439, 847, 848, 854, 856, 907

  Theophrastus, 329, 994, 1005

  Theophylact,
538

  Therasia, 56

  Theresa, Countess of Portugal, 701-702

  theriacum, 999

  Thesaurus pauperum (Petrus Hispanus), 999

  Thessalonica, see Salonika

  Thessaly, 39, 319, 434, 453

  Theutberga, Queen, 526

  Thomas de Cormont. 881

  Thomas of Cantimpré, 1015

  Thomas of Celano, 751, 821, 897*

  Thomas à Kempis, 74

  Thomas of Walsingham, 681

  Thomas of York, 925

  Thomism, 977-978

  Thompson, James Westfall, 786*, 759*

  Thor, 503, 507

  Thorgest, 500

  Thorwald, 504

  thought, 334, 338, 919, 934, 975, 978, 980, 1015, 1084

  Christian, 418, 954

  free, 955-958, 1086

  Greek, 400, 953, 954

  heretical, 809

  Islamic, 235-281, 333, 338, 405, 910, 953, 961, 984

  Jewish, 405, 1006

  medieval, 244, 1084

  modern, 983, 1015

  mystical, 809

  religious, 332

  Thousand and One Nights, 198, 199, 217, 262, 263, 264, 320

  Thrace, 3, 24-25, 39, 46, 116, 118, 369, 425, 428, 434, 443, 604, 657

  Three Chapters (Justinian), 115-116

  Thuringia, 92, 444, 510, 511, 535, 663

  Tiber River, 54, 290, 456, 645, 708

  Tiberias, 230, 347, 414, 597

  Tiberius, 423, 641

  Tibullus, 466, 1085

  Tiepoli family, 628

  Tiflis, 191, 324

  Tigris River, 19, 136, 143, 152, 201, 206-207, 231, 232, 233, 234, 310, 330, 616

  tiles, 272, 274, 275, 287, 303, 317, 624

  tillage, 485, 505, 560, 786

  Timaeus (Plato), 240, 949, 965

  Tinchebrai, battle of, 571, 669

  Tipperary, 500

  tithes, 556, 564, 668, 683, 763, 765, 832, 845

  Titus, 41, 347

  “Toledan Tables” (al-Zarqali), 305

  Toledo, 95, 97, 293, 296, 299, 304, 306, 343, 372, 383, 397, 398, 400, 407, 415, 460, 528, 623, 638, 892, 909, 911, 919

  Cathedral, 891, 893, 897, 909

  Council of, 370, 387

  tolerance, 218-219, 292, 333, 341, 372-373, 400, 772, 776, 777, 784, 974, 979

  tolls, 465, 614, 640, 676, 718

  tombs, 861, 876, 885, 1085

  Topics (Aristotle), 912

  Topographia Christiana (Cosmas Indicopleustes), 134

  Topography (Gerald of Wales), 908

  Torah, 250, 350, 353, 354, 356, 359, 361, 368, 388, 410, 411, 416

  Torcello Cathedral, 851

  Torel, William, 861

  torture, 378, 391, 423, 427, 569, 680, 725, 765, 781-782, 784, 785, 830, 1083

  Tostig, 493, 494-495

  tosaphists, 401

  Totila, 110

  Toulouse, 36, 37, 85, 91, 393, 474, 480, 588, 697, 769, 771, 775, 776, 783, 803, 822, 922, 923, 1036, 1039

  Touraine, 688, 690

  Tournai, 37, 91, 476, 618, 623, 639, 640, 648

  Cathedral, 870

  tournaments, 562, 573-574, 576, 752, 780, 834, 839, 1037

  Tours, 57, 92-93, 292, 458, 461, 466, 474, 476, 479, 514, 586, 588, 638, 753, 766, 856, 914, 918, 932

  Cathedral, 857

  Tower of London, 681, 684, 893

  towers, 315-316, 859, 865, 868, 870-872, 877, 878, 883, 886, 888, 891, 892, 1085

  town halls, 844, 888

  tracery, 872, 875, 877

  Tractatus de erroribus medicorum (Roger Bacon), 1013

  Tractatus de sphaera (John of Holywood), 990

  trade, 119, 120, 298, 308, 343, 375, 432, 454, 485, 506, 514, 552, 560, 612-615, 618, 664, 686, 690, 703, 710, 712, 718, 728, 828, 845, 888, 975, 1084

  Arabian, 157

  Baltic, 619

  Byzantine, 436, 616

  Christian, 343

  English, 634, 669

  European, 617, 619

  Florentine, 728

  German, 618

  Islamic, 207-209

  Italian, 245, 614, 627

  Jews in, 376, 395

  Mediterranean, 603, 654, 1086

  monastic, 792

  Norwegian, 666

  river, 617-618

  routes, 118, 119, 120, 143, 156, 204, 376, 616

  Russian, 447-448

  Spanish, 373, 700

  trademark, 635-636

  Trajan, 14, 19, 33, 1078

  Trani, 370, 434

  Transcaspian region, 243

  transepts, 865, 870, 877, 882, 885

  transition style, 874, 876

  translations, 240-241, 342, 403, 405, 457, 476, 907, 909-913, 917* 949, 955, 989

  Transoxiana, 203, 204, 242, 273, 278, 308, 319, 339, 341, 369

  transport, 207, 450, 565, 617, 621

  transubstantiation, 735, 740-741, 763, 889, 955

  Transylvania, 659

  travel, 207, 379, 387, 404, 616-619, 621-622, 839, 994

  Travels (Marco Polo), 242

  Trdat, 205

  treason, 428, 431, 683, 776, 779

  treasuries, 318, 813, 850, 893, 996

  Treatise on Laws (Glanville), 678

  Treatise on the [Earthly] Sphere (Sacrobosco), 990

  Treatise on Love and Its Cure (Capellanus), 577

  Treatise on Smallpox and Measles (al-Razi), 247

  Trebizond, 145, 617, 651, 993

  Tree of Jesse, 880

  Trent, Council of, 741, 824, 978

  Tresor (Brunetto), 1015-1016, 1058

  Treviso, 662, 708, 722-723

  March of, 712

  trial, 89-90, 114, 927, 945

  by combat, 464, 568, 691, 718, 829, 839, 844

  by duel, 531

  by evidence, 691

  by jury, 448, 677

  by ordeal, 341, 531, 567-568, 718, 721, 779, 844

  tribes, 157, 424, 431, 445, 465, 497, 653

  Tribonian, 111-112

  tribunals, 668, 679

  tribunes, 454, 707, 729

  Tribur, 549

  tribute, 296, 306, 459, 460, 474, 500, 656, 682, 702, 760

  Trier, 31, 37, 40, 47, 51, 55, 57, 85, 390, 474, 476, 514, 516, 640, 686

  Cathedral, 870

  triforium, 867, 872, 873, 877, 884, 885

  trigonometry, 241, 242, 328, 911, 991

  Trinitarians, order of, 792

  Trinity, 8, 57, 61, 68, 99, 100, 107, 112, 354, 417, 442*, 478, 746, 771, 907, 932, 940, 941, 946, 951, 964, 967, 980, 985, 1009, 1066, 1067

  Tripoli, 230, 316, 703

  mosques of, 286

  Tripolis, 592, 596, 598

  Tristan, 1048-1049, 1070

  Tristan (Chrétien), 1045

  Tristram, 575, 1019, 1045

  trivium, 99, 915

  Trnovo, 657

  Troilus and Cressida (Shakespeare), 1045

  Trojans, 1019, 1044

  “tropes,” 897, 1028

  Trosle, synod at, 475

  Trotula on the Cure of Diseases of Women, 998

  troubadours, 264, 306, 342, 563, 576, 578, 672, 697, 701, 702, 711, 731, 767, 771, 772, 776, 793, 826, 828, 901, 904, 905, 949, 1016, 1020, 1036-1039 1042, 1054, 1056-1059, 1068, 1085, 1086

  trouvères, 563, 697, 828, 1020, 1042, 1044, 1045, 1054, 1055, 1058

  trovatori, 901, 1042, 1066

  Troyes, 40, 41, 401, 615, 618, 623, 643, 941, 1045

  fairs of, 395

  Truce of God, 513, 572, 614, 755

  True Cross, 147, 151, 597, 599, 607, 694, 743, 744

  Tsüan Tsung, 198

  Tuathal, 82

  tuberculosis, 330, 1002

  Tughril Beg, 204, 308, 312, 317

  Tulun, Ahmad ibn, 210, 284

  mosque of ibn, 273, 286, 287, 874

  tumors, 330

  Tunis, 202, 208, 230, 282, 283, 316, 703, 909, 980

  mosques of, 273-274, 286

  Tunisia, 109, 273, 284, 290, 314, 606, 608, 617, 692, 694, 703, 705,
980

  Turin, 712, 722

  Turkestan, 150, 196, 203, 204, 209, 211, 253, 366, 443, 447, 616, 655

  Turkey, 367, 652, 874

  Turks, 131*, 146, 152, 202, 203, 209, 216, 252, 269, 270, 285, 311, 317, 328, 389, 393, 431, 586, 589, 591, 605-606, 608, 610, 650, 652, 657, 817

  Khwarazmian, 607

  Seljuq, 204, 276, 585, 586, 590

  Turpin, Archbishop, 1030, 1031

  Turshiz, mosque of, 274

  Tus, 200, 268, 269, 319, 331

  Tuscan League, 756

  Tuscany, 538, 545, 578, 638, 726, 730, 761, 788*, 813, 847, 892, 959, 1056, 1057

  Tusculum, counts of, 540

  Twenty Books of Etymologies or Origins (Isidore of Seville), 96

  Two Sicilies, 703, 715, 717, 726, 761, 908

  Tyconius, 73

  tyranny, 464, 648, 724, 817, 819, 858

  Tyre, 7, 207, 229, 278, 375, 399, 592, 598, 600, 601, 609, 710

  Ubaldini, Cardinal, 956

  Ukaz, 157, 158, 159, 161

  Ukraine, 24, 444, 447, 654

  Ulfilas, 46-47

  Ulrich von Lichtenstein, 1041-1042

  Ulster, 82, 496, 498, 682

  Umayya, 162, 166

  Umayyads, 191, 192-196, 217, 218, 219, 225, 228, 230, 231, 239, 240, 276, 280, 292, 297

  Umbria, 708, 798, 799

  Unam sanctam (Boniface VIII), 814

  unemployment, 296, 654

  unicorn, 994

  United States, 85, 90*, 120, 208*

  universe, 337, 353*, 354, 406, 477, 844, 964, 1016

  Universal History (Eunapius), 125

  Universal History (Orosius), 484

  universals, 931-933, 938, 981, 1013

  universitas, 920

  universities, 124, 415, 642, 697, 755, 765, 803, 818, 822, 841, 882, 903, 908, 912, 916-919, 926, 930, 949, 987, 988, 1013, 1018, 1024, 1084, 1086

  Christian, 335, 404

  French, 940

  German, 920, 1025

  Moslem, 121, 287-288, 336

  in Spain, 701

  Unter den Linden (Wolfram), 1040

  upper classes, 234, 440, 706, 778, 805, 832, 836, 1042

  Uppsala, 502, 659, 903

  Urals, 447, 655

  Urban II, Blessed, 183, 389, 546, 586-588, 589. 688, 740, 817

  Urban IV, 725-726, 728, 752, 889, 954

  urinalysis, 247, 998-999

  Ursinus, 50

  Usaybia, ibn Abi, 319

  usurers, 377, 392, 627-628, 630, 631, 632, 755, 975, 1065, 1072

  Utrecht, 534, 686

  Valencia, 296, 298, 304, 315, 373, 460, 617, 624, 638, 697, 698, 699, 892, 1000

  Valenciennes, 463, 476, 618

  Valens, 24-25, 31, 62, 123

  Valentinian I, 29, 34, 77, 86, 123

  Valentinian II, 25-26, 35, 127

  Valentinian III, 37, 38, 39-40, 41, 50, 56

  Valerian, 143

  Valerius, Bishop of Hippo, 67

  Valhalla, 507, 508, 510

  Valkyries, 507-508

  Valla, Lorenzo, 526*

  Valladolid, 919

  Cortes of, 375

  Vallejo, Juan de, 891

  Vallombrosa, order of, 787

 

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