The Age of Faith

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The Age of Faith Page 192

by Will Durant


  sapphires, 992

  Sappho, 907, 1086

  Saracens, 157, 244, 245, 290, 387, 403, 425, 453, 454, 462, 464, 468, 474, 519, 529, 530, 538, 554, 572, 575, 592, 593, 597, 601, 617, 692, 713, 716, 717, 719, 811, 906, 979, 980

  Saragossa, 95, 292, 307, 334, 396, 404, 462, 697

  Sarai, 656

  Sardica (Sofia), 104, 443

  Council of, 533

  Sardinia, 27, 110, 116, 289, 349, 474, 606, 616, 760

  Sargent, John Singer, 318

  Sarre, Friedrich, 275

  Sarton, George, 239*

  Sarus, 36

  Sarvistan, 148

  Sasanians, 136-150, 225, 232, 275

  Satan, 47, 73, 77, 126, 137, 216, 259, 354, 489, 733-734, 736, 769, 825, 909, 933, 967, 970, 984, 986, 1021, 1068

  satire, 263, 786, 804, 841, 1025, 1051-1055

  Saturn, 987

  heaven of, 1078

  Saturnalia (Macrobius), 32

  Sauda, 166, 167

  Sava, St., 657

  Savonarola, Girolamo, 76, 568, 834, 890

  Saxo Grammaticus, 89, 1019

  Saxons, 22, 43, 80, 81, 89, 107, 450, 461, 462, 483, 492, 501, 510, 513, 514, 532, 533, 535, 665, 683, 832, 905, 1045

  Saxony, 444, 462, 473, 483, 511, 514, 550, 623, 646, 661

  Sayfu’l-Dawla al-Hamadani, 202, 253, 264

  Scala, Can Grande della, 731, 1065, 1066, 1067

  scalds, 509, 1032, 1054

  Scandinavia, 208, 432, 448, 450, 451, 473, 502, 509, 617, 618, 646, 656-666, 903, 984

  Scandinavians, 473, 504*

  Schedula diversarium artium (Theophilus), 847

  Scheldt River, 473, 617, 618, 685

  Schiller, J. C. F. von, 664, 1039

  schism, 469, 528-529, 1072

  Eastern, 544-545

  Schleswig, 80, 504*

  Schnoudi (Schenute), St., 51

  scholars, 270*, 288, 291, 304-306, 340-342, 347-349, 410, 437, 465, 466, 476, 484, 497, 501, 515, 526, 532, 719, 720, 903, 909, 914, 967-968, 1009, 1051

  Babylonian, 366

  Christian, 386, 698

  German, 960

  Islamic, 235-239, 328-331, 373, 698

  Jewish, 370, 373, 386, 388, 396, 414, 698, 721, 910

  Spanish, 401

  wandering, 379, 746, 767, 900, 1018

  scholarship, 270*, 650

  scholarships, 288, 371, 922, 926

  Scholastica, St., 805

  Scholasticism, 252, 257, 406, 524, 917, 921, 940, 955, 958-961, 979, 982-983, 1015, 1084

  schools, 304, 313, 317, 340, 347, 348, 349, 466, 484, 488, 497, 500, 513, 536, 578, 636, 640, 642, 652, 755, 818, 908, 912-915, 916, 927*, 928, 929, 949, 953, 979, 1002, 1018, 1085

  “abacus,” 915

  for boys, 449

  bardic, 497-498

  cathedral, 466, 666, 914, 915, 916, 919, 920

  of church music, 897

  Dominican, 922, 960

  Irish, 531

  Italian, 904

  Jewish, 351, 371, 383, 404, 416

  medical, 456, 956

  monastic, 476, 481, 501, 514, 666, 903, 913

  Moslem, 252, 333, 457

  Roman, 913

  schoolteachers, 291, 828

  Schopenhauer, Arthur, 71

  Schwabenspiegel, 665

  science, 121-122, 243, 285, 293, 305, 312, 331, 332, 333, 336, 341, 353, 371, 372, 395, 405, 415-416, 418, 438, 450, 457, 470, 476, 497, 528, 719-720, 795, 802, 807, 844, 879, 903, 911, 912, 925, 933, 934, 949, 956, 961, 980, 984, 988, 1003-1004, 1007, 1010, 1015, 1016, 1058, 1067, 1068, 1084, 1085

  Byzantine, 121-124

  Christian, 984-1017

  Greek, 241, 342, 911, 916, 984

  Islamic, 239-245, 288, 321, 328-331, 342, 343, 403, 450, 910, 913, 982, 1004, 1006

  Jewish, 402-404

  scientists, 304, 309, 319, 340, 395, 719, 802, 1086

  Scito te ipsum (Abelard), 945

  Scivias (Hildegarde), 810

  Sclerus, Bardas, 430

  Scotland, 447, 495, 496, 498, 507-502, 531, 532, 670, 673, 675, 678, 679, 681-684, 832, 883

  Scots, 22, 80, 496, 682-684

  scribes, 350, 907, 908

  scriptoria, 99, 466

  Scriptum principale (Roger Bacon), 1007

  Scriptures, 11, 18, 78, 96, 115, 163, 169, 184, 185, 338, 353, 387, 398, 400, 410, 414, 415, 476, 526, 688, 773, 795, 808, 907, 938, 956, 961, 966, 967, 1008

  authority of, 70, 929, 953, 981

  Hebrew, 352*, 353, 355, 407, 938, 966

  scrofula, 986

  sculptors, 129, 133, 847, 848, 858, 869, 875, 881, 884, 889

  sculpture, 149, 270, 274, 276, 278, 425, 432, 686, 748, 752, 857-862, 868-869, 877, 879, 883, 885, 886, 887, 889, 890, 1028, 1066, 1085, 1086

  Gothic, 341, 697, 858, 860-861, 862

  Islamic, 318

  Romanesque, 869

  scutage, 676

  Scythians, 39, 82, 446

  Sea of Marmora, 5, 103-104, 432

  seals, 833, 849

  Sebastian, St., 743

  “Second Order of Irish Saints,” 531

  Secret Doctrine, 417

  Secretum Secretorum, 911

  sects, 282, 338, 341, 420, 434, 768, 770, 771, 820

  “secular canons,” 788

  secularization, 756, 816, 917

  Seder, 358

  Sefer-ha-Bahir (Isaac the Blind and Azriel), 417

  Sefer Yezira, 417

  Sefer ha-Zohar (Moses ben Shem Tob), 417-418

  sefiroth, 417

  Segovia, 892

  Seine River, 37, 474, 475, 481, 559, 617, 634, 645, 688, 690, 876, 877, 919, 927

  Seleucia, 136

  self-government, 366, 369, 434, 459, 638, 640, 662, 707, 715, 917

  Seljuqs, 257, 311, 312, 316, 318, 338, 586, 652

  Selvo, Domenico, 851

  Semites, 89, 156*, 172, 185

  Sempringham, order of, 792

  Senate, Byzantine, 428, 431

  Roman, 25, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 42, 43, 50, 98, 101, 111, 114, 456, 707, 708

  Venetian, 457, 603, 709, 711

  Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, 20, 55, 87, 1010, 1014, 1018, 1027, 1070

  seneschals, 560, 688

  Senlac, see Hastings

  Senoch, St., 57

  Sens, 12, 475, 639, 671, 841

  Bishop of, 541

  Cathedral, 856

  Council of, 479, 946

  Sententiarum libri IV (Peter Lombard), 953, 965, 1009

  Sephardim, 370*, 370

  Sepphoris, 347, 351

  Septuagint, 240, 535

  “sequences,” 897

  Serapion, St., 59

  Serbia, 444, 446, 535, 544, 657, 658, 762

  Serene, 384

  serfdom, 93, 113, 209, 298, 425, 435, 442, 459, 465, 466, 553, 554, 555-558, 560, 578, 609, 644, 650, 659, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, 679, 682, 686, 687, 690, 696, 766, 785, 824, 825, 844, 1083

  Sergius III, 538

  Sergius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 424, 895

  Serindia, 118, 119

  sermons, 521, 749, 903, 944, 1013, 1018, 1068

  servants, 463, 554

  service, military, 375, 434, 463, 927

  Severus Livius, 42

  Severus Sebokht, 241

  Seville, 37, 95-97, 271, 279, 291, 293, 296-297, 298-299, 304, 306-307, 314, 315, 320, 329, 330, 335, 338, 371, 383, 459, 460, 623, 624, 697, 698, 891, 909

  Cathedral, 315-316

  University of, 919

  sewage, 835, 1003

  sextants, 242

  sexuality, 357, 361, 381, 409, 456, 464, 611, 757*, 764, 787, 821-824, 830, 835, 927, 973, 976

  Sfax, 132, 316, 703

  Shafii, Muhammad al-, 226

  Shāhnama (Firdausî), 137, 138, 268, 269

  Shahrastani, Muhammad al-, 320

  Shahr-Baraz, 151

  Shajar-al-Durr, 312

  Shakespeare, William, 651, 1019, 1045, 1080, 1081

  Shammai, 362

  Shams al-Maa
li Qabus, 231, 247

  Shams-i-Tobrizi, 325

  Shaprut, Hasdai ben, 294, 371, 372, 396, 459

  Shapur (city), 143, 149

  Shapur I, 142-143, 149, 150

  Shapur II, 13, 20, 128, 139-140, 141, 143

  Sharazuri, al-, 322

  Shariyar, 268

  Shavuot, feast of, 358

  Sheba, Queen of, 156

  shekinah, 354, 360

  Shem Tob, 910

  Shema Yisrael, 184, 354, 356

  shepherds, 552, 791, 1027

  sheriffs, 680

  Sheroye, 148, 151

  Sherwood Forest, 667*

  Shl’ites, 103, 217, 252, 261, 309, 367

  Shrewsbury, 1019

  shipbuilding, 506, 615

  Shiraz, 148, 203, 207, 232, 271, 273, 278, 326

  Shirin, 147

  Shirkuh, 310, 311

  shoes, 834

  shops, 420, 432, 454, 914, 1083

  shorthand, 906

  shrines, 303, 846, 849, 870

  Shushtar, 143

  Sic et non (Abélard), 754, 939-940, 953

  Sicilian Vespers, 726, 730

  Sicily, 27, 36, 98, 109, 110, 116, 140, 208, 236, 264, 273, 282, 286, 289-291, 342, 343, 349, 375, 393, 403, 404, 442, 453, 510, 529, 571, 586, 599, 611, 616, 621, 622, 624, 645, 663, 664, 665, 694, 699, 703-705, 709, 714, 715, 716, 717, 719, 724, 726, 760, 761, 792, 812, 813, 831, 852, 857, 909, 911, 989, 990, 1056, 1086

  see Two Sicilies

  Siddhantas, 241

  Sidjistani Society, 254

  Sidon, 207, 229, 600, 607, 609

  Sidonius, Archbishop of Mainz, 531

  siege, 570, 658

  Siegfried (Sigurd), 508, 1032-1035

  Siena, 616, 642, 658, 727, 797, 798, 811, 838, 854, 861, 862, 888, 889, 998, 999, 1028, 1064

  Cathedral, 855*, 861-862, 888-889

  University of, 919

  Siete Partidas, 699

  Siffin, battle of, 192

  Sigebert, 91-92

  Siger of Brabant, 338, 923, 955, 957-958, 962, 1068, 1077

  Signorelli, Luca, 889

  Sigrid, Queen of Sweden, 503

  Sigurd, see Siegfried

  Sigurd Jorsalafare, 992

  Sigvat Thordarsson, 509

  Silesia, 375, 660, 905

  silk, 118-119, 367, 376, 379, 440, 624, 826

  silver, 847, 876

  Silverius, St., 115

  Simeon, King of Bulgaria, 444, 657

  Simeon, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 585

  Simeon Stylites, 60

  Simon ben Yohai, 417, 418

  Simon of Tournai, 736

  simony, 430, 521, 541, 543, 547, 548, 551, 755, 760, 770, 1072

  Simurgh, 324

  sin, 264, 278, 353*, 354-355, 360, 523, 527, 732, 733, 736, 738, 740, 770, 796, 820, 821, 907, 927, 945, 946, 973, 974, 976, 985, 991, 1013, 1067-1069, 1073, 1075, 1076

  Sina, ibn, see Avicenna

  Sinai, Mt., 353, 358

  sines, tables of, 328

  singing, 306, 384, 505, 749-751, 896, 898, 899, 1054, 1057

  Sinjar, 242, 310, 312, 317, 320

  Sirat, al-, 178

  Siricius, St., 45

  Sirmium, 13, 39

  Sis, 652

  Sisebut, King, 370, 372, 375

  Sixtus III, St., 51

  Siyasat-nama (Nizam), 309

  skepticism, 265, 267, 301, 331, 332, 353, 367, 405, 736, 816, 955-958, 1020, 1084

  slaves, 29-30, 32-33, 77, 93, 112-113, 118, 280, 290, 298, 334, 347, 369, 370, 424, 434, 435, 436, 442, 448, 459, 465, 486-487, 497, 531, 542, 553-554, 711, 719, 734, 824, 831, 975-976, 1083

  Christian, 375, 454

  Islamic, 209, 792

  Jewish, 375

  Russian, 653

  Viking, 506

  Slavs, 4, 423, 424, 428, 430, 432, 434, 443-449, 462, 471, 529, 535-536, 554, 575, 610, 657, 659, 660, 664, 665, 832

  Slovaks, 445, 535

  slums, 316, 650

  smallpox, 265, 335

  smelting, 623, 848

  Smolensk, 448, 653

  Smyrna, 9, 436, 651

  Snorri Sturluson, 503, 504, 509, 1032

  societies, 379, 1084

  society, 450, 486, 504-505, 578, 718, 777, 818-820, 821, 825, 839-842, 975, 1083

  feudal, 553-556

  Islamic, 219-224, 234, 280-281

  Sasanian, 136-142

  Viking, 509-510

  Welsh, 495

  Socrates, 20, 244, 254, 776, 933-934, 937, 1014, 1070

  Socrates, historian, 7, 25, 122, 123, 125

  sodomy, 719, 927, 1071

  Sogdiana, 119, 136, 209

  Sohrab, 269, 270

  Soissons, 91, 92, 461, 473, 769, 771, 876, 897, 940, 946

  soldiers, 55-57, 429, 432, 434, 500, 553, 559, 560, 822, 823, 1000

  Soliloquium (Bonaventura), 959

  Solomon, 130, 156, 229, 343

  Solomon, Exilarch, 367

  Solomon ben Abraham, 414, 415

  Solomon ben Abraham ben Adret, 415, 416

  Solomon ibn Gabirol (Avicebron), 396-397

  Solon, 446, 654, 1065

  Somme River, 88, 91

  Sonartorrek (Skallagrimsson), 509

  Song of Songs, 48, 352*, 353, 398

  songs, 279, 292, 381, 484, 684, 818, 899-901, 934, 936, 1025, 1027, 1042, 1054

  popular, 837, 1030

  sacred, 382, 747, 896

  sonnets, 562-563, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059

  Sophistici elenchi (Aristotle), 912

  Sophists, 125, 250, 975

  Sophocles, 89, 283, 605

  Sora, 717

  Soranus, 121, 1001

  Sorbonne, Paris, 922

  sorcery, 433, 984, 985

  Sordello, 1057, 1074

  Sosigenes, 991

  soul, 256, 417, 959, 971-972, 981

  Southampton, 610, 640

  Sozomen, 20, 125

  Spain, 3, 4, 22, 25, 32, 37, 38, 43, 47, 92, 107, 114, 116, 117, 140, 150, 155, 158, 194, 202, 206, 208, 209, 211, 218, 219, 236, 242, 257, 270, 273, 275, 283, 284, 291-307, 314, 320, 338, 343, 349, 367, 368, 369, 372-373, 376, 379, 380, 383, 384, 386, 387, 393, 396-401, 404, 405, 407, 415, 416, 417, 423, 442, 447, 458-460, 521, 525, 530, 537, 539, 553, 572, 578, 586, 611, 615, 616, 617, 622, 624, 627, 642, 644, 645, 663, 678, 692, 697-701, 748, 752, 760, 770, 774, 782, 783, 799, 801, 831, 832, 848, 849, 851, 853, 864, 869, 882, 890-892, 897, 898, 899, 901, 903, 904, 911, 920, 935, 953, 954, 966, 982, 989, 999, 1010, 1019, 1037, 1039, 1044, 1086

  Moslem, 196, 241, 249, 282, 297-307, 314, 319, 333, 342, 371, 372, 375, 396, 397, 400, 405, 459, 460, 462, 558, 613, 617, 874, 1030

  Visi-gothic, 95-97, 375

  Spalato (Split), 127, 446

  Spanish March, 459, 473

  species, 932

  origin of, 955

  specific gravity, 244

  tables of, 328

  Speculum maius (Vincent of Beauvais), 1016

  Speculum perfectionis, 792, 796-797

  speech, 263, 379, 395, 669, 843, 903-904, 905

  Spencer, Herbert, 978

  Speyer, 369, 390, 391, 401, 511, 513, 514, 516, 549, 619, 640

  Cathedral, 870

  spericity, of the earth, 343

  Spherics (al-Bitruji), 911

  spices, 613, 836

  Spinoza, Baruch, 398, 412*, 414, 968, 1082

  spires, 342, 455, 865, 872, 877, 878, 883, 887, 891, 892, 1085

  Spoleto, 98, 451, 517, 538, 708, 721, 725, 761, 793

  sport, 839-842

  squires, 392, 572

  Stabat Mater (Jacopone da Todi), 750-751, 897*

  Stamford, 676

  Bridge, 495

  stars, 305, 329, 337, 417, 956, 970, 987, 988, 991, 1005, 1011, 1068, 1077-1078

  divination by, 984

  state, 463, 519, 565, 697, 812, 813, 816, 824, 831, 844, 854, 917, 930, 945, 975, 976, 1063

  and Church, 182-184, 579, 755, 760, 809

  States-General, 646, 696, 814

  stat
esmanship, 310, 343, 431, 433, 468, 470

  statesmen, 277, 295, 510, 756, 777, 1085

  Stations of the Cross, 34

  Statius, 915, 1018, 1075, 1076

  statues, 425-426, 432, 479, 807, 857-862, 864, 865, 869, 879, 880, 881, 884, 885, 886, 887, 889, 1085

  “Statute in Favor of Princes,” 717

  Stephania, mistress of Otto III, 513

  Stephen, King of England, 670

  Stephen I, King of Hungary, St., 658, 744

  Stephen II, Pope, 452, 461, 525

  Stephen V, Pope, 535

  Stephen VI, Pope, 538

  Stephen IX, Pope, 545

  Stephen Nemanya, King of Serbia, 657

  Stephen of Tournai, 958

  stigmata, 800

  Stiklestad, battle of, 503

  Stilicho, 23, 26, 27-28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 80

  Stoa, 126

  Stockholm, 618, 666

  stocks, 568

  Stoicism, 9, 76, 123, 975

  stonemasons, 846

  stones, powers of precious, 992, 1005

  Story of Burnt Njal, 1033

  Strasbourg, 12, 369, 473, 619, 640, 904, 960

  Cathedral, 859, 887

  Strategopulus, 652

  streets, 302, 432, 642-643

  Strido, 51

  strikes, 648

  strip system, 558, 645

  students, 362, 371, 372, 401, 479, 497, 519, 528, 691, 757, 823, 839, 903, 908, 909, 914, 916, 917-918, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 926-930, 1013

  studies, Arabic, 919, 979

  classical, 914, 923, 1018

  rabbinical, 402, 416

  studium generale, 916, 924

  Subiaco, 517

  Subtilitates (Hildegarde), 998

  Subuktigin, 203, 244

  Suevi, 22, 37, 95, 458

  Suetonius, 467, 515, 1018

  Sufism, 244, 258-261, 322, 325, 332-333, 337

  Sufyan, Abu, 166, 168, 169, 170-172, 191, 192

  sugar, 140, 206, 591, 613, 718, 837

  Suger, 390, 688-689, 786, 791, 852, 863, 876-877, 941, 942

  suicide, 1071

  Jewish, 389, 390, 392

  Suidas, 437

  Sukkoth, 359

  Suleiman, Caliph, 194, 195, 220, 224, 291-292

  Suleiman, general, 308

  Suleiman al-Tajir, 242

  “Sumer is i-cumen in,” 900-901

  Summa codicis Irnerii (Irenerius), 916

  Summa conservationis et curationis (Salicetti), 1001

  Summa theologica (Aquinas), 912, 963, 966-967, 970, 974, 977, 978, 1016, 1057

  Summa de veritate catholicae fidei contra Gentiles (Aquinas), 966

  Summae (Aquinas), 338, 913

  sun, 242, 288, 337, 402, 991, 992, 1011, 1068

  heaven of the, 1077-1078

  Sunni, 211, 212, 294

  supernationalism, 406, 816

  superstition, 305, 347, 364, 402, 415, 425-426, 442, 456, 466, 470, 531, 579, 694, 720, 732, 745, 811, 894, 938, 984-985, 989, 992, 1015, 1016, 1083

  suppuration, 1001

  supreme court, 685, 696

 

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