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background of, 178–79
in Burma, 185–86, 189–90
at Fort Huachuca, 180
India independence movement covered by, 188–89
in 1943 return to Pittsburgh, 181
Vann’s hiring of, 179
as war correspondent, 178, 179–80, 184–85, 189–90
Book Shoe (baseball team), 105
Boothe, A. C., 55
Bop City (Pittsburgh nightclub), 216–17
Bossa Nova, 220
Bostic, Joe, 238, 252
Boston, Mass., 56, 239
Boston Braves, 239, 260
Boston Red Sox, 239, 240
Boston University, 298, 299
Bougainville, 184
Bowman, Madge, 133
Boyd, Charles N., 135
Boyd, Herbert, 187–88
Bracken, Milton, 182
Braddock, Edward, 29–30
Braddock, Jim, 15–18, 155
Braddock, Pa., 31
Bradley, Omar, 277
Brock, David, 248
Brock, Viola, 248
Brooklyn, N.Y., 136
Brooklyn Brown Dodgers, 240–41, 242
Brooklyn Dodgers, xv, 230, 237, 240–41, 256–58
growing solidarity between Robinson and teammates on, 264
Robinson with, 257–66
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 74–75
Brothers (Los Angeles nightclub), 150
Brown, Byrd, 321
Brown, Calvin, 55, 56
Brown, Homer S., 274, 315
Brown, Natie, 8
Brown, Ray, 120, 121
background of, 222
Fitzgerald’s marriage to, 223
Gillespie and, 222, 223
Peterson and, 223
Brown Bomber Chicken Shack (Detroit), 18
Brown Chapel AME Church, 59
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 293–94
Buck, Pearl, 172
Bulge, Battle of the, 184
Bunche, Ralph, 290
Burke, Johnny, 226
Burley, Charley, 305–6, 332
Burley, Fletcher, 132, 133
Burley, Julie, 305–6
Burma Road, 185, 186
Burnett, Carol, 320
Burton, Brenda, 329
Café Society (New York nightclub), 149, 207
California, University of, at Los Angeles (UCLA), 239
California Eagle, 174, 272
Calloway, Cab, 201, 207–8
Calvin, Floyd J., 71
Capitol Records, 219, 220
Capone, Al, 131, 198
Capone, Ralph, 131, 198
Carmel-by-the-Sea, Calif., 226
Carmichael, Hoagy, 197
Carnegie, Andrew, 31, 32–33, 38, 43, 58, 337
Cap Posey and, 38–39
Frick’s partnership with, 35
Homestead Strike and, 37, 38
philanthropy of, 33, 35, 37, 38, 47
Carnegie, Margaret, 32
Carnegie, Tom, 35
Carnegie, William, 32
Carnegie Hall (New York), 220
Carnegie Institute of Technology, 128, 275, 317
Carnegie libraries, 47, 304, 309–10, 337
Carnegie Music Hall (Pittsburgh), 221
Carnera, Primo, 9–11, 20
Carney, Harry, 146
Carson, Johnny, 228
Carter, Dover, 283
Carter, Eugene, 297
Carter, Robert, 293
Cash, Thomas, 65–66
Catlin, Charles, 128
Catlin, Charlotte Enty, 133, 134, 150, 195
Lena Horne and, 143, 144
musical talent of, 127, 128
Strayhorn’s lessons with, 128–29
Central Catholic High School (Pittsburgh), 307
Centre Avenue YMCA (Pittsburgh), 114, 128
Century Cycle (Wilson), xvi, 332–33, 334–35, 338–39
Chandler, Albert Benjamin “Happy,” 245, 259, 262, 267
Chapman, Ben, 261–62
Chappell, Edna, 172, 282
in move to Courier city desk, 271–72
Charities and the Commons, 38
Charleston, Oscar, 101, 107, 109, 111, 112, 113, 117
Chase Hotel (St. Louis), 263
“Chelsea Bridge” (song), 148
“Cherokee” (Noble), 149
Chiang Kai-shek, 185
Chicago, Ill., 3, 7–8, 16, 153–54
Chicago American Giants, 111
Chicago Bee, 73
Chicago Daily Times, 116
Chicago Daily Tribune, 160
Chicago Defender, 3, 9, 14, 22, 64, 69, 153, 159, 165, 166, 175, 282, 327
Chicago Herald-American, 266
Chicago Sun-Times, in continued crusade for equality in baseball, 267–68
Chicago Whip, 73
China, 185
Christian, Charlie, 206
Christian Brothers, 307, 308
Christian Recorder, 41
Churchill, Winston, 170, 190
Cinquale Canal fiasco, 182, 183
Citizens Committee for Hill District Renewal, 321
City Council, Pittsburgh, 317
City Light Opera (Pittsburgh), 314
Civic Arena (Pittsburgh), 314–21, 325, 326
civil rights, 68, 163, 300
Truman and, 279–80, 281
civil rights movement, xv, 22, 225, 282, 289, 290, 326, 342
Montgomery boycott in, 294–300, 301
Civil War, U.S., 23, 33
Clairton, Pa., 273
Clark, John L., 70, 97–98, 108, 110, 113, 121, 280–81
Clark Memorial Baptist Church, 244
Clarke, Kenny, 203–6, 223
Gillespie and, 204–5
Clarke, Ramon, 76–77
Clemente, Roberto, 326
Clendenon, Donn, 326
Cleveland, Ohio, 81–82
Cleveland Gazette, 73
Cleveland Indians, 265
Club DeLisa (Chicago nightclub), 198
Club Plantation (Los Angeles nightclub), 195
Club Riviera (St. Louis nightclub), 210–11
Coast Guard, U.S., blacks in, 176
Coatesville, Pa., 64–65
Cole, “King,” 111
Cole, Nat King, 219, 325
Coleman Industrial Home for Negro Boys, 204
Collected Poems of Paul Lawrence Dunbar, The, 309, 337
colleges, racial quotas and, 276
Collins, Harry, 131
Colored American Magazine, 45, 47
Columbia Records, 225, 227
Columbia University, 60
Comiskey Park, 16, 111, 242
Commission on Civil Rights, 280
Committee for Participation of Negroes in the National Defense, 162
Como, Perry, 214
concentration camps, 19
Concert by the Sea (album), 227
“Concerto for Piano and Percussion” (Strayhorn), 134
Congress of Industrial Organizations, 177
Congress, U.S., military draft implemented by, 162–63
Congress Party, Indian, 188
Connections, 328
Connelly Trade School, 308
Connie Mack’s All Stars, 103
Connor, Bull, 300
Contrasts (album), 226
Coolidge, Calvin, 79
Cooper, Gary, 1, 172
Cooper, Ralph, 140–41
Copley Square Hotel (Boston), 56
Cornelius, Ira, 140
“Cottage for Sale, A” (song), 213
Cotton Club (Harlem), 138
Courier Hour, The (radio show), 71
Coyne, Jimmy, 97, 98, 99
Crawford Grill, 13, 88, 95–96, 97, 105, 106, 111, 114, 116, 145, 255, 319, 326
police raids on, 96
Crawford Street, 311, 323, 325, 340
Crisis, 9, 72, 73
Cronin, Joe, 240
Crutchfield, Jimmie, 112
Crystal B
arber Shop, 93–94, 325
Cuba, Dodgers/Royals spring training in, 256–58
Cummings, Homer, 157
Cunningham, Bill, 300
Cunningham, Evelyn, 270, 282
background of, 285–86
Brown case covered by, 293
Greenland Four case and, 291
King and, 298–99
Marshall’s friendship with, 292–93
Montgomery boycott covered by, 294–95, 301
as New York Times stringer, 300
in Nixon Family Fund campaign, 286–89
radio talk show of, 300
“The Women” column of, 289–90, 294, 297, 301
Cunningham, Gerald, 286
Curtiss-Wright, 177
Daley, Arthur, 246
Daniel, Dan, 246
Danville, Ill., 264
Darcel, Denise, 218
Darrow, Clarence, 72
Davis, Benjamin O., 165
Davis, Benjamin O., Jr., 181, 182
Davis, Christopher C., 29
Davis, Miles, 210–11
Dawson, Mary Cardwell, 129, 133, 135
Dayton, Ohio, 125
Daytona Beach, Fla., 231–32, 247, 249
D-Day invasion, 193
Dean, Dizzy, 112, 235
Declaration of Independence, 39
Deland, Fla., 251
Delany, Martin, 40–41, 43, 48, 49
Delta Coal Company, 37
Delta Sigma Theta, 71
Deluxe Hotel (St. Louis), 263
Democratic Party, xv, 78
black migration to, 85, 165
Dempsey, Jack, 5
Deppe, Lois, 130–31, 214, 324
Detroit, Mich., 7, 8–9
Detroit Owl, 73
Dewey, Thomas, 171–72, 280, 281
Dickens, Charles, 58
Dihigo, Martin, 101
discrimination, 22, 57, 69, 81, 136, 162, 164, 174, 177
against black veterans, 276–78, 316
Courier crusades against, 68, 273–74
see also military, U.S., blacks in; segregation
Dixiecrat Party, 280
Dixon, Randy, 183–84
Doby, Larry, 265
Dominican Republic, 118
Dorham, Kenny, 212
Double Victory Campaign, xv, 151, 152, 170–74, 176, 178, 191, 235, 272
Douglass, Frederick, 41
Downbeat, 216, 220
Downtown (neighborhood), xxiii
draft, 162–63
Dragones de Cuidad Trujillo, Los (Dominican baseball team), 118
Drama Critics’ Award, 334
Du Bois, W. E. B., 68, 168
Courier’s feud with, 72–74
Duke Is Tops, The (film), 141–42
Dunlap, Birdie, 325
Duquesne, Pa., 129
Duquesne Club (Pittsburgh), 46, 313, 317
Duquesne Gardens (Pittsburgh), 201
Duquesne University, 275
Durocher, Leo, 235, 236, 238, 259
Dutton, Charles, 339
Early, Stephen, 175
East End (neighborhood), see Point Breeze
East Liberty (neighborhood), xxiii, 132
East-West Classic, 2, 111–12, 115–16, 121
East-West League, 104, 106–9
Ebbets Field, 121, 240
Eckstein, Aileen, 196
Eckstein, Charlotte “Lottie,” 196
Eckstein, Clarence, 196, 220
Eckstein, Maxine, 196
Eckstine, Billy, xv–xvi, 192, 194–95, 209, 228, 325, 333
background of, 196
with Earl Hines Orchestra, 198–99, 208–9, 213
education of, 196–98
IRS problems of, 219
Eckstine, Billy (cont.)
June’s divorce from, 218, 219
June’s marriage to, 210, 215
Life photo controversy and, 217–18, 221
MGM contract of, 214, 215, 218
solo career of, 213–14
voice and piano lessons of, 196–97
Eckstine, June Harris, 210, 215, 218
Eddie’s Restaurant, 328
Edison, Thomas, 33
education, xiv, 39, 40, 47–48, 91, 180, 197
black veterans and, 276, 277
segregation and, 47, 73, 293
813th Pioneer Infantry Brigade, 156
Eldridge, Blanche, 202
Eldridge, Joe, 202–3
Eldridge, Roy, 202–3, 206
elections, U.S.:
of 1932, 78–85, 97
of 1936, 159–60
of 1940, 163–64, 165
of 1948, 280–81
Elks (Negro Elks Clubs), 2, 171, 224, 299
Ellington, Duke, xv, 145, 197, 222, 325
Lena Horne’s affair with, 149
Strayhorn’s first meeting with, 145–46
Ellington, Mercer, 147–48
Ellison, Ralph, 310
Enty, Clever “Frank,” 127
Enty, Mary Jane Litte, 127, 128
Enty, Peter, 127
Enty, Tobias, I, 127
Enty, Tobias, II, 127
Esquire, 212
Ethiopia, Italian invasion of, 157–58
Ewell, Thomas, 45, 47
Ewing, Buck, 102
Fair Employment Practices Committee, Congress’s defunding of, 274
Fantastic Rhythm (musical revue), 123–25, 134, 146, 148
Farley, Jim, 79, 80, 85, 86
Fascism, 19, 157
Faulkner, William, 334–35
Fedd, Eddie William, 188
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), black editors investigated by, 173, 174
Feldman, Harry, 84
Fences (Wilson), xvi, 332, 334, 335, 337, 339
Fifteenth Amendment, 57
Fifth Army, U.S., 183
Finch, Robert, 238
Fish, Hamilton, 156, 161–62
Fitzgerald, Ella, 138, 197, 221
Ray Brown’s marriage to, 223
Flash, 141
“Flower Is a Lovesome Thing, A” (song), 148
“Flying Home” (song), 222
Foggie, Charles, 166
Forbes, John, 30
Forbes Field (Pittsburgh), 83, 119, 230, 326
Homestead Grays games at, 100, 101–2, 103, 105–6
Ford, Henry, 234
Fort Bragg, 176
“Night of Terror” at, 167, 173
Fort Duquesne, Battle of, 16, 29–30
Fort Huachuca, 176, 180
Fort Pitt, 30
41st Engineers Regiment, 181
Foster, Rube, 104, 109, 110
Fowler, “Boggy,” 124, 125
Fox, Ed, 198–99
Frick, Ford, 237, 262
Frick, Henry Clay, 34–35
attempted assassination of, 37
Cap Posey’s partnership with, 38–39
Carnegie’s partnership with, 35
Homestead Strike and, 35–36, 37, 38
Point Breeze mansion of, 43
“FROGS Week,” 192, 214–15
From Here to Eternity (film), 218
Fugitive Slave Law (1850), 42
Fuller, S. B., 326
Fullerton Street, 23
Fullerton Street (Wilson), 330, 332
Gable, Clark, 1
Gandhi, Mahatma, 188–89
Garagiola, Joe, 263, 265
Garner, Erroll, xv, 192, 214, 225, 325, 335
death of, 228
Glaser as manager of, 225–26
influence of Pittsburgh musical culture on, 228–29
as musical prodigy, 133, 224
Garner, Ruth, 227
Garvey, Marcus, 41
Gem of the Ocean (Wilson), 338, 339
George, Collins, 182–83
Germany, Nazi, 19
Gershwin, George, 125
Gettysburg, Pa., 60, 61
GI Bill of Rights, 188, 275–76, 279
black veterans penalized by, 277–79, 316
Gi
bson, Josh, xv, 90, 109, 112, 113, 120, 121, 267, 319, 326
with Crawfords, 99, 107–8, 111, 112–13, 117
death of, 255
drinking and drug abuse by, 254–55
with Grays, 102–4, 120–21
Gibson, Josh, Jr., 254
Gibson, Nancy, 254, 255
Gillespie, Dizzy, xvi, 194, 206, 221, 325
in Billy Eckstine Orchestra, 210–11
Calloway and, 207–8
Clarke and, 204–5
departure from Eckstine Orchestra of, 212
with Earl Hines orchestra, 201–2, 208–9
Parker and, 208–9
Ray Brown and, 222, 223
with Teddy Hill Orchestra, 203–4
Gimbels department store, 274
Ginell, Cary, 213
Gionfriddo, Al, 266
Gladstone High School (Pittsburgh), 308–9, 310
Glaser, Martha, 224–25
as Gerner’s manager, 225–26
Gold Star Mothers, 82
“Good Jelly Blues” (song), 194
Goodman, Benny, 149
Gordon, Dexter, 194, 212
Gothic Line, 183
Gould, Joe, 15–16
Gould, Joseph Howard, 78
Grand Terrace Café (Chicago), 131, 198–99, 213
Granz, Norman, 223, 225
Great Depression, 79, 89, 94, 97, 105, 108–9
Great Migration, xiv, 11, 57, 58–59, 67, 69, 77, 78, 129, 169
Great Pittsburgh Fire of 1845, 42, 43, 44, 49
Greenberg, Hank, 263–64
Greenberg, Jack, 293
Greenlee, Charles, 290–91
Greenlee, George, 96
Greenlee, George, Jr., 145–46
Greenlee, Gus “Big Red,” xv, 13, 79, 84, 88, 130, 136, 145, 150, 166, 240, 244, 335
background of, 91
as bootlegger, 92–93
Crawford Grill of, see Crawford Grill
as Crawfords’ owner, see Pittsburgh Crawfords
Cum Posey’s rivalry with, 111, 115, 119, 121
East-West Classic and, 111–12
Greenlee field built by, 89–91
loans and poverty relief by, 97–98
money difficulties of, 118–19
as numbers racketeer, 93–95, 112
Paige’s relationship with, 106, 113–14, 117
as Republican loyalist, 96
in World War I, 91
Green, Madeline, 209
Greenlee Field (Pittsburgh), 89–91, 107, 108, 109, 114, 326
demolition of, 121
financial problems of, 119–20
Greenwood Cemetery, 332, 340
Grieg, Edvard, 134
Griffiths, Clark, 244
Grove, Lefty, 103
Groveland, Fla., 290
Groveland Four, 290–91
Guffey, Emma, 86
Guffey, Joseph, 80, 86, 160, 166, 313
Guinyard, Freddie, xxiv
Gustine, Frank, 264
Hajdu, David, 127, 218
Hallmark Hall of Fame (TV show), 334
Hall of Fame, black players in, 267
Hammond, Jack, 149
Hammond and Gerlach music store, 204
“Hamp’s Boogie-Woogie” (song), 222
Hampton, Lionel, 172, 221–22
Hampton Institute, 38