by Eric Rutkow
“Southern pine is rapidly”: M. B. Hillyard. The New South. Baltimore: Manufacturers’ Record Co., 1887, 40.
“English and Northern capitalists”: Baker. “Report by States Respecting Their Forest Condition.” In Egleston, Report on Forestry, 194.
“one of my best”: Grover Cleveland to unknown, June 17, 1904. Reprinted in C. W. Goodyear. Bogalusa Story. Buffalo, NY: privately printed, 1950, 52.
“We’re going to build”: Ibid., 43.
“A belt of this size”: Ibid., 74.
“This is at present”: John Liston. “The Great Southern Lumber Company.” General Electric Review XI (1908): 254.
“For miserable shacks”: William D. Haywood. “Timber Workers and Timber Wolves.” International Socialist Review XIII (1912): 106.
“The fight will be”: Ibid., 110.
“[t]he success of the entire labor”: Quoted in Stephen H. Norwood. “Bogalusa Burning: The War Against Biracial Unionism in the Deep South, 1919.” Journal of Southern History 63 (1997): 612.
“a reign of terror”: Frank Morrison. “Report on Situation at Bogalusa, Louisiana, by President of Louisiana State Federation of Labor.” In Herbert J. Seligmann. The Negro Faces America. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1920, 313.
“was to turn the Black men”: Quoted in Art Shields. On the Battle Lines, 1919–1939. New York: International Publishers, 1986, 182.
“you can practically”: Advertisement. Lumber LXX (1922): 45.
“real forest management”: Elwood R. Maunder. “Go South, Young Man: An Interview with J. E. McCaffrey.” Forest History 8 (1965): 10.
“[O]ne acre of”: Stewart H. Holbrook. Holy Old Mackinaw: A Natural History of the American Lumberjack. New York: Macmillan, 1956, 161.
“No other American tree”: Charles Sprague Sargent. The Silva of North America, Volume XII. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1898, 91–92.
“A stand of ponderosa”: Stewart H. Holbrook. Far Corner: A Personal View of the Pacific Northwest. New York: Macmillan, 1952, 243.
“[T]he prairies . . . must”: Sargent, Report, 489.
“The shrewd deal”: Charles P. Norcross. “Weyerhaeuser—Richer than John D. Rockefeller.” Cosmopolitan XLII (1907): 258.
In 1908: S. A. D. Puter. Looters of the Public Domain. Portland, OR: Portland Printing House, 1908.
“Say, you’ve heard”: William B. Laughead and W. H. Hutchinson. “The Birth of Paul Bunyan.” Forest History 16 (1972): 46.
“when he was but”: Frank Shay. Here’s Audacity! American Legendary Heroes. New York: Macaulay Company, 1930, 163.
“Picture a bent”: Rexford Tugwell. “The Casual of the Woods.” Survey, July 3, 1920, 472.
“As a community”: Ibid., 473.
“block upon block”: Holbrook, Far Corner, 247.
“I am a Pinchot man”: Quoted in Robert E. Ficken. “Gifford Pinchot Men: Pacific Northwest Lumbermen and the Conservation Movement, 1902–1910.” Western Historical Quarterly 13 (1982): 166.
“overshadow that”: “Weyerhaeuser—Richer Than John D. Rockefeller,” 252.
“The entire Northwest”: Quoted in Virgil Wirt. “Weyerhaeuser, Lumber Monarch.” Colman’s Rural World 67 (1914): 14.
“This great domain”: Charles Edward Russell. “The Mysterious Octopus: Story of the Strange and Powerful Organization that Controls the American Lumber Trade.” The World To-Day XXI (1912): 1747.
“I’ve heard professional”: Holbrook, Far Corner, 233, 240.
“The forest . . . is”: Ibid., 233.
“[N]ature would have”: Emanuel L. Philipp. “Legislative Measures for Forest Conservation.” In The Forest Products Laboratory: A Decennial Record, 1910–1920. Madison, WI: Democrat Printing Company, 1921, 91.
“To make the most”: William B. Greeley. “Forests and National Prosperity.” In Decennial Record, 125–26.
“The properties upon”: B. E. Fernow. Annual Report of the Division of Forestry for 1886. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1887, 37–38.
“not germane to”: Quoted in Fernow. “Forestry Investigations and Work of the Department of Agriculture.” In Report upon the Forestry Investigations of the Department of Agriculture, 1897–1898. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1899, 16.
“in bringing in to use”: Hearings Before the Committee on Agriculture, 59th Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1907, 172.
“the consolidation of these”: An Oral History Interview with McGarvey Cline, 1961, 4. Available at: http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/People/Scientists/Cline.aspx.
“[T]hat a laboratory”: Hearings, 173.
“It can not take you”: Ibid., 176.
“will save many”: Ibid., 181.
“Cline conceived”: Quoted in Decennial Record, 21–22.
“I have had few decisions”: Quoted in “Wisconsin Gets Forest Laboratory.” Conservation XV (1909): 239.
“a combined annual”: Carlisle P. Winslow. “The Forest Products Laboratory.” In Decennial Record, 116.
7: Under Attack
“that the entire shipment”: J. G. Sanders to L. O. Howard, January 19, 1910. Reprinted in Roland M. Jefferson and Alan E. Fusonie. The Japanese Flowering Cherry Trees of Washington, D.C.: A Living Symbol of Friendship. Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Research Service, 1977, 50.
“a perpetual reminder”: Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore. “The Cherry-Blossoms of Japan: Their Season a Period of Festivity and Poetry.” Century Magazine 79 (1910): 643.
“The miracles of Japanese”: Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore. Jinrikisha Days in Japan. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1891, 77.
“It is not only the national flower”: Scidmore. “Cherry-Blossoms of Japan,” 643–44.
“[S]ince they had”: Ibid., 653.
“a prairie boy”: David Fairchild. The World Was My Garden. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1938, 15.
“a turning point”: Ibid., 12.
“was to ‘direct my destiny’”: Ibid., 31.
“[Lathrop] began to lay”: Ibid., 84.
“philosophy of free”: Ibid., 168.
“The greatest service which”: Thomas Jefferson. Note G of the Appendix to His Memoir. In Thomas Jefferson Randolph, ed. The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 1. Charlottesville, VA: F. Carr, and Co., 1829, 144.
“I have rarely been”: Fairchild, 254.
“one of our chief”: Ibid., 410.
“to do something towards”: Ibid., 411.
“aroused the enthusiasm”: Ibid., 412.
“I [had] determined”: Mrs. William Howard Taft. Recollections of Full Years. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1914, 361.
“I have taken the matter”: Helen Taft to Eliza Scidmore, April 9, 1909. In Carl Sferrazza Anthony. Nellie Taft: The Unconventional First Lady of the Ragtime Era. New York: HarperCollins, 2005, 245.
“determined to raise”: Philip J. Pauly. “The Beauty and Menace of the Japanese Cherry Trees: Conflicting Visions of American Ecological Independence.” Isis 87 (1996): 67.
“the fact that very old”: Charles Marlatt to Secretary of Agriculture James Wilson, January 19, 1910. Reprinted in Japanese Flowering Cherry Trees, 53–54.
“We have been importing”: “Wounding the Japanese Sensibilities.” New York Times, January 31, 1910.
“the greater number”: Fairchild, 413.
“[T]he only way to solve”: Richmond Hobson. “The National Defense.” Reprinted in Edwin DuBois Shurter, ed. American Oratory of To-Day. Austin, TX: South-West Publishing Company, 1910, 233.
“As this paper goes”: Scidmore. “Cherry-Blossoms of Japan,” 643.
“To be honest about it”: Ozaki Yukio, Fujiko Hara, trans. The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan: The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001, 232.
“[W]e are more than satisfied”: Ozaki Yukio to Spencer Cosb, February 2, 1912. Reprinted in Fairchild, 413.
“This second sending”: Charles Marlatt. �
��Statement of Mr. C. L. Marlatt, Chairman of the Federal Horticultural Board, United States Department of Agriculture.” House Report No. 980 and Hearings before the Committee of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1919.
“when the blossoming”: Roosevelt, An Autobiography, 354.
“They are plump”: H. G. O. Blake, ed. Autumn: From the Journal of Henry David Thoreau. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1894, 404.
“[T]he chestnut mast is”: Frederick Law Olmsted. A Journey in the Back Country. New York: Mason Brothers, 1860, 224.
“a greater variety”: P. L. Buttrick. “Commercial Uses of the Chestnut.” American Forestry 21 (1915): 961.
“[C]hestnuts were like”: Richard C. Davids. The Man Who Moved a Mountain. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1970, 17.
“At last when the tree”: Buttrick, 961–62.
“[T]his fungus may be”: W. A. Murrill. “A Serious Chestnut Disease.” Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 7 (1906): 148.
“liable to fall into”: Ibid., 152.
“Thousands of trees”: “Chestnut Trees Face Destruction.” New York Times, May 21, 1908.
“[I]t is essentially”: Haven Metcalf and J. Franklin Collins. The Control of the Chestnut Bark Disease. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1911, 11.
“efficient and practical means”: Ibid., 14.
“The mere fact that”: The Pennsylvania Chestnut Blight Conference. Harrisburg, PA: C. E. Aughinbaugh, Printer to the State of Pennsylvania, 1912, 108–9.
A participant from New York: Ibid., 20.
“I do not believe in”: Ibid., 201.
“Meyer was not”: Fairchild, 405.
“[I]t seems necessary”: Winthrop Sargent to Governor John Tener, December 9, 1913. In Final Report of the Pennsylvania Chestnut Tree Blight Commission. Harrisburg, PA: Wm. Stanley Ray, State Printer, 1914, 12.
“What happens as”: “Pennsylvania Chestnut Trees to Be Sold to Save Timber Left by Blight: Gifford Pinchot, Forester, Explains the Action.” American Nut Journal 12 (1920): 91.
“a botanical Maginot line”: Susan Freinkel. American Chestnut: The Life, Death, and Rebirth of a Perfect Tree. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007, 73.
“Last summer when”: Fairchild, 406.
“They cannot be used”: C. A. Sheffield. “The Elms Go Down.” Atlantic 182 (October 1948): 22.
“[It] suggests a fountain”: “An Avenue of Elms.” Garden and Forest, April 19, 1893, 172.
“the most magnificent vegetable”: François André Michaux. The North American Sylva, vol. 3. Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson.—Solomon Conrad, 1819, 86.
“the oldest and noblest”: “The American Elm.” Garden and Forest, June 11, 1890, 281.
“New Haven, known”: Charles Dickens. American Notes for General Circulation, vol. 1. London: Chapman and Hall, 186, Strand, 1842, 183.
“a new longing”: Thomas Campanella. Republic of Shade: New England and the American Elm. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003, 69.
“one of the most generally”: Andrew Jackson Downing. A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America. New York: Wiley and Putnam, 1841, 106.
“The Elms of New England!”: Henry Ward Beecher. Norwood; or, Village Life in New England. New York: Charles Scribner & Company, 1867, 4–5.
“free-soilers in their”: Bradford Torrey, ed. The Writings of Henry David Thoreau: Journal, Vol. VIII. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1906, 140.
“It can live in”: Berton Roueche. “A Great Green Cloud.” New Yorker, July 15, 1961, 36.
“$650,000,000 would be”: American Forestry Association. The American Elm: Its Glorious Past, Its Present Dilemma, Its Hope for Protection. Washington, D.C.: American Forestry Association, 1937, 5.
“There was a general”: George Hepting. “The Threatened Elms: A Perspective on Tree Disease Control.” Journal of Forest History 21 (1977): 92.
“A half a million dollars”: “The American Elm—Now or Never.” American Forests 40 (1934): 521.
“The first phase”: “Fight on Elm Disease Continues.” American Forests 41 (1935): 290.
“the formal beginning”: Richard Campana. Arboriculture: History and Development in North America. East Lansing: Michigan State University, 1999, 148.
“Federal and state officials”: American Forestry Association, American Elm, 21.
“We have been told”: “Wallace Asked to Clarify Charge Elms Are Doomed.” American Forests 42 (1936): 132.
“After eighteen years”: American Forestry Association, American Elm, 10.
“Dutch elm disease and”: Campanella, 155.
“It is true that”: “The Case of the Elms.” American Forests 47 (1941): 31.
“the spray would be”: “To Fight Elm Beetle: Englewood Starts Battle Today to Save 3,500 Trees.” New York Times, May 5, 1947, 25.
“To the public”: Rachel Carson. “A Report At Large: Silent Spring II.” New Yorker, June 23, 1962, 40.
“learning to live”: Hepting, 96.
8: Trees as Good Soldiers and Citizens
In his own words: Hearings Before Subcommittee No. 1 (Aviation) of the Select Committee on Expenditures in the War Department, House of Representatives, vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1919, 1364.
“Equipped with a splendid”: South Haven (Mich.) News, December 6, 1912. Quoted in Harold M. Hyman. Soldiers and Spruce: Origins of the Loyal Legion of Loggers and Lumbermen. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1963, 29.
“stronger ounce for ounce”: Edward J. Fenton. “Plywood Takes to the Skies.” American Forests 48 (July 1942): 296.
“the very best”: Wilbur Wright. “Experiments and Observations in Soaring Flight.” Journal of the Western Society of Engineers VIII (1903): 415.
“We have found it”: Quoted in P. J. Dickerscheid. “When Wright Bros. Flew, Only W.Va. Spruce Would Do.” Associated Press, October 14, 2009.
“a very beautiful”: John Muir. “The Great Forests of Washington.” Pacific Monthly VIII (1902): 149–50.
“the Northwest had”: Hyman, 44.
“Your spruce will”: Quoted in E. A. Sterling. “Flying on Wings of Spruce.” American Forestry XXIV (1918): 133.
“Being mostly men”: Brice P. Disque. “How We Found a Cure for Strikes.” System: The Magazine of Business XXXVI (1919): 379.
“spread through the region”: Robert L. Tyler. “The United States Government as Union Organizer: The Loyal Legion of Loggers and Lumbermen.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 47 (1960): 436.
“conciliatory spirit”: Hyman, 72.
“[U]nless present conditions”: “Report of President’s Mediation Commission to the President of the United States.” Sixth Annual Report of the Secretary of Labor. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1918, 20.
“wakes up and thoroughly”: Hearings, vol. 3, 3932.
“presented the thing”: Hearings, vol. 2, 1371.
“made it a matter”: Ibid., 1364.
“The I.W.W. . . . is”: Carleton H. Parker. “The I.W.W.” Atlantic Monthly CXX (1917): 662.
“a radical departure”: History of the Spruce Production Division, United States Army and United States Spruce Production Corporation (n.p., n.d.), Introduction IV. For a discussion of this work’s authorship see Hyman, 3, fn. 3.
“improve the living”: “How We Found a Cure for Strikes,” 383.
“[Disque] has full”: Quoted in Hyman, 123.
It was also possible: See Robert E. Ficken. “The Wobbly Horrors: Pacific Northwest Lumbermen and the Industrial Workers of the World, 1917–1918.” Labor History 24 (1983): 325–41.
“Its sole hold”: Ralph Winstead. “Enter a Logger: An I.W.W. Reply to the Four L.’s.” Survey, July 3, 1920, 477.
“I can’t understand any”: Hearings, vol. 2, 1403.
“the industry would probably”: Ibid., 1404.
“[T]he Director of Aircraft Production”: History of the Sp
ruce Production Division, Introduction V.
“the most ambitious”: “The Race for Airplane Spruce and Ship Timbers.” American Forestry XXIV (1918): 323.
“Before America entered”: Quoted in “The Truth at Last.” Weekly by George Harvey 2 (February 22, 1919): 15.
“[Disque’s] operation, in my opinion”: Hearings, vol. 3, 3214.
“that without [Disque’s] efforts”: Ibid., vol. 2, 1428.
“Don’t make any”: Ibid., 1406.
“Don’t waive [ sic ]”: Ibid., 1405.
“After a taste of better”: “How We Found a Cure for Strikes,” 382.
“Housing of armies”: “Spruce for Airplanes—The Eyes of the Allied Armies.” American Forestry XXIV (1918): 324.
“Our forests have”: William Greeley. Forests and Men. New York: Arno Press, 1972, 92.
“Your part in winning”: J. A. Woodruff. “An Appreciation.” American Forestry XXV (1919): 1092.
An editorial in: “Tree Tablets in Central Park.” New York Times, December 3, 1918, 14.
“one of the most comprehensive”: “Urge Memorial Trees—Forestry Association Enlarges Scope of the Planting Program.” New York Times, December 26, 1918, 14.
“I find myself altogether”: Quoted in Charles Lathrop Pack. Trees as Good Citizens. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1922, 116.
“I think that I shall”: Joyce Kilmer. Trees and Other Poems. New York: George H. Doran Company, 1914, 19.
“[T]he trees planted from”: “Seeds of International Friendship.” Outlook 130 (1922): 680.
“the name is officially”: “25 in Park Shanties Politely Arrested.” New York Times, September 22, 1932, 3.
“driving around planting”: Press Conference, Hyde Park, October 26, 1937, 4:30 p.m. Quoted in Edgar B. Nixon, ed. Franklin D. Roosevelt & Conservation 1911–1945, vol. II. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1957, 141.
“knew every tree”: Eleanor Roosevelt. Franklin D. Roosevelt and Hyde Park: Personal Recollections of Eleanor Roosevelt. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1949, 8.
“a small boy [who]”: “Address at the Laying of the Cornerstone of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York. November 19, 1939.” In Samuel Irving Rosenman, ed. The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, vol. 8. New York: Macmillan, 1941, 580.