Grant

by Ron Chernow

  Beard, Rick. “General Grant Takes a Spill.” Opinionator (blog), The New York Times, September 4, 2013. https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com.

  Beckwith, Samuel H. “With Grant in the Wilderness, by His ‘Shadow.’” The New York Times, May 31, 1914.

  Berman, Laura. “Finding a Home for Grant House.” The Detroit News, October 10, 2013.

  Bolles, Charles E. “General Grant and the News of Mr. Lincoln’s Death.” Century Illustrated Magazine 40, no. 2 (June 1890).

  Boynton, Henry V. “Grant’s Liquor Drinking.” New York Sun, January 23, 1887.

  Buinicki, Martin T. “‘Average-Representing Grant’: Whitman’s General.” Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 26, no. 2 (Fall 2008).

  Cadwallader, Sylvanus. “Grant and Rawlins.” The St. Louis Daily Globe-Democrat, February 11, 1887.

  Casey, Emma Dent. “When Grant Went a-Courtin’.” Typescript memoir. Missouri History Museum Library, Missouri Historical Society.

  Catton, Bruce. “U. S. Grant: Man of Letters.” American Heritage 19, no. 4 (June 1968).

  “Chat in Public Resorts.” New York Tribune, August 2, 1885.

  Chetlain, Augustus L. “Reminiscences of General Grant.” The Magazine of History 5, no. 4 (April 1907).

  Cox, Jacob Dolson. “How Judge Hoar Ceased to Be Attorney-General.” The Atlantic Monthly 76, no. 455 (July 1895).

  Crane, James L. “Grant as a Colonel.” McClure’s Magazine 7, no. 1 (June 1896).

  Davis, David Brion. “How They Stopped Slavery: A New Perspective.” The New York Review of Books, June 6, 2013.

  Delbanco, Andrew. “‘The Central Event of Our Past’: Still Murky.” The New York Review of Books, February 9, 2012.

  ———. “The Civil War Convulsion.” The New York Review of Books, March 19, 2015.

  ———. “His Own Best Straight Man.” The New York Review of Books, February 24, 2011.

  Deutsch, Abigail. “Lincoln’s Legacy.” Carnegie Reporter, Winter 2012.

  Dorsett, Lyle W. “The Problem of Ulysses S. Grant’s Drinking During the Civil War.” The Hayes Historical Journal 4, no. 2 (Fall 1983).

  Douglass, Frederick. “U. S. Grant and the Colored People.” Elevator 8, no. 20 (August 24, 1872).

  “English Tributes to General Grant.” The Literary Digest 15, no. 6 (June 5, 1897).

  Fish, Hamilton. “General Grant.” Independent 37, no. 1913 (July 30, 1885).

  Foner, Eric. “The Emancipation of Abe Lincoln.” The New York Times, January 1, 2013.

  ———. “‘The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses Grant in War and Peace’ by H. W. Brands.” The Washington Post, November 2, 2012.

  Fry, James B. “An Acquaintance with Grant.” The North American Review 141, no. 349 (December 1885).

  Garland, Hamlin. “Grant at the Outbreak of the War.” McClure’s Magazine 9, no. 1 (May 1897).

  ———. “Grant’s Life in Missouri.” McClure’s Magazine 8, no. 6 (April 1897).

  ———. “Grant’s Quiet Years at Northern Posts.” McClure’s Magazine 8, no. 5 (March 1897).

  “General Grant and the South.” The New York Times, July 24, 1885.

  Genetin-Pilawa, C. Joseph. “The Indian at Appomattox.” Opinionator (blog). The New York Times, October 17, 2013. https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com.

  “Gen. Grant’s Morality.” Chicago Daily Tribune, January 27, 1887.

  “Gen. Grant’s Occasional Intoxication.” New York Sun, January 28, 1887.

  Godkin, E. L. “General Grant’s Political Education Abroad.” The Nation 30, no. 764 (February 19, 1880).

  Gold, Charles H. “Grant and Twain in Chicago: The 1879 Reunion of the Army of the Tennessee.” Chicago History 7, no. 3 (Fall 1978).

  “The Gold Ring.” The New York Times, October 18, 1869.

  Grant, Frederick D. “My Father as I Knew Him.” New York World Sunday Magazine, April 25, 1897.

  Grant, Jesse Root. “The Early Life of Gen. Grant.” New York Ledger, March 7, 1868.

  Grant, Ulysses S., Jr. “General Grant’s Son Speaks of His Father.” San Diego Daily, April 24, 1922.

  ———. “President Grant, My Father, as I Remember Him.” The Bismarck Tribune, April 27, 1922.

  Grant, Ulysses S., III. “Civil War: Fact and Fiction.” Civil War History 2, no. 2 (June 1956).

  “The Grant Family’s Cotton Speculations.” New York Tribune, September 19, 1872.

  “Grant Reminiscences.” Chicago Daily Tribune, September 1, 1885.

  “Grant’s Drinking Habits.” New York Sun, January 28, 1887.

  “Grant’s Only War Speech.” New York Tribune, September 27, 1885.

  “Grant Was Not ‘Slouchy’ Nor a Drinker, Affirms General’s War-Time Secretary.” The Christian Science Monitor, May 2, 1929.

  Green, Anna Maclay. “Civil War Public Opinion of General Grant.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 22, no. 1 (April 1929).

  Greenbaum, Mark. “Lincoln’s Do-Nothing Generals.” Disunion (blog). The New York Times, November 27, 2011. https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com.

  Grinder, Brian, and Dan Cooper. “John Sherman: The Finance General.” Financial History (Summer 2012).

  Groom, Winston. “How Shiloh Changed the Civil War.” The New York Times, April 8, 2012.

  Guelzo, Allen C. “The Civil War’s Unlikely Genius.” The Wall Street Journal, November 2, 2016.

  Holzer, Harold. “Lincoln’s ‘Flat Failure’: The Gettysburg Myth Revisited.” History Now 37 (Fall 2013).

  “How Grant Got to Know Rawlins.” Army and Navy Journal 6, no. 4 (September 12, 1868).

  Kazin, Alfred. “The Generals in the Labyrinth.” The New Republic 204, no. 7 (February 18, 1991).

  Kirkpatrick, R. Z. “General Grant in Panama.” The Military Engineer 26, no. 146 (March–April 1934).

  Leitman, Spencer L. “The Revival of an Image: Grant and the 1880 Republican Nominating Campaign.” Missouri Historical Society Bulletin 30, no. 3 (April 1974).

  Levine, Richard R. “Indian Fighters and Indian Reformers: Grant’s Indian Peace Policy and the Conservative Consensus.” Civil War History 31, no. 4 (December 1985).

  Lewis, William S. “Reminiscences of Delia B. Sheffield.” Washington Historical Quarterly 15, no. 1 (January 1924).

  “Longstreet’s Reminiscences.” The New York Times, July 24, 1885.

  McGhee, James E. “The Neophyte General: U.S. Grant and the Belmont Campaign.” The Missouri Historical Review 67, no. 4 (July 1973).

  McPherson, James M. “America’s Wicked War.” The New York Review of Books, February 7, 2013.

  ———. “The Bloody Partnership.” The New York Review of Books, December 15, 2005.

  ———. “A Bombshell on the American Public.” The New York Review of Books, November 22, 2012.

  ———. “Grant: A Biography.” Civil War History 27, no. 4 (December 1981).

  ——— “Grant or Greeley? The Abolitionist Dilemma in the Election of 1872.” The American Historical Review 71, no. 1 (October 1965).

  ———. “The Great Betrayal.” The New York Review of Books, November 30, 2006.

  ———. “Our Monstrous War.” The New York Review of Books, July 10, 2014.

  ———. “Specimen Days.” The New York Review of Books, December 16, 2004.

  Maihafer, Harry J. “Mr. Grant and Mr. Dana.” American History 35, no. 5 (December 2000).

  Marszalek, John F. “The Anti-Semite Who Wasn’t.” Moment (March/April 2012).

  Montagna, Dennis. “A Different Kind of Civil War Memorial.” The Wall Street Journal, March 30–31, 2013.

  Moore, Ensley. “Grant’s First March.” Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1910, vol. 15, 1912.

  Morgan, Brigadier-General M. R. “From City Point to Appom
attox with General Grant.” Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States 41, no. 148 (September–October 1907).

  “Mr. Orville [sic] D. Grant Insane.” The New York Times, September 5, 1878.

  “Mrs. U. S. Grant Sinking.” Chicago Sunday Tribune, December 14, 1902.

  Murthy, Vivek H. “Facing Addiction in the United States: The Surgeon General’s Report of Alcohol, Drugs and Health.” Journal of the American Medical Association 317, no. 2 (January 20, 2017).

  Newsham, Major Thomas J. “The Turning Point of the War.” The New York Times, September 1, 1889.

  “New Story of Grant.” The St. Louis Globe-Democrat, December 13, 1896.

  “New York: High Honors Paid to Gen. Grant by the Lotos Club.” Chicago Daily Tribune, November 21, 1880.

  Norman, Geoffrey. “Grant Takes Charge.” The Weekly Standard 19, no. 28 (March 31–April 7, 2014).

  Oakes, James. “A Different Lincoln.” The New York Review of Books, April 9, 2009.

  Olmsted, Frederick Law. “The Genesis of a Rumor.” The Nation 6, no. 147 (April 23, 1868).

  “Overrated and Underrated Americans.” American Heritage 39, no. 5 (July–August 1988).

  Paine, Albert Bigelow. “Mark Twain’s Letters.” Harper’s Magazine 135, no. 807 (August 1917).

  Parker, Ely S. “General Rawlins.” Report of the Proceedings of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, November 17, 1869.

  Phifer, Mike. “Wrecking on the Railroad.” Civil War Quarterly (Early Winter 2016).

  Porter, David D. “Secret Missions to San Domingo.” The North American Review 128, no. 271 (June 1879).

  Porter, General Horace. “Lincoln and Grant.” Century Illustrated Magazine 30, no. 6 (October 1885).

  ———. “Personal Traits of General Grant.” McClure’s Magazine 2, no. 6 (May 1894).

  ———. “Reminiscences of General Grant.” Harper’s Magazine 71, no. 424 (September 1885).

  Procter, John R. “A Blue and Gray Friendship.” Century Illustrated Magazine 53, no. 6 (April 1897).

  Rawlins, John A. “General Rawlins’ Address.” Report of the Proceedings of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, Cincinnati, 1877.

  Rich, Michael W. “Henry Mack: An Important Figure in Nineteenth-Century American Jewish History.” American Jewish Archives Journal 47, no. 2 (1995).

  Schmitz, Neil. “Doing the Fathers: Gertrude Stein on U. S. Grant in Four in America.” American Literature 65, no. 4 (December 1993).

  Schwartz, Sanford. “The Art of Our Terrible War.” The New York Review of Books, April 25, 2013.

  Sears, Stephen W. “High Stakes at Antietam.” American Heritage (Summer 2012).

  Sherman, William T. “General Sherman’s Opinion of General Grant.” Century Illustrated Magazine 53, no. 6 (April 1897).

  Shields, Clara McGeorge. “General Grant at Fort Humboldt in the Early Days.” Humboldt Times (Eureka, Calif.), November 10, 1912.

  Shrady, George F. “The Last Days of Our Great General.” The Saturday Evening Post 173, no. 33 (February 16, 1901).

  Shugerman, Jed Handelsman. “The Creation of the Department of Justice: Professionalization Without Civil Rights or Civil Service.” Stanford Law Review 66, no. 1 (January 2014).

  Simon, John Y. “From Galena to Appomattox: Grant and Washburne.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 58, no. 2 (1965).

  ———. “Grant at Belmont.” Military Affairs 45, no. 4 (December 1981).

  ———. “Ulysses S. Grant and the Jews: An Unsolved Mystery.” The Record 21 (1955).

  Simpson, Brooks D. “Alexander McClure on Lincoln and Grant.” Lincoln Herald 95, no. 3 (Fall 1993).

  ———. “Butcher? Racist? An Examination of William S. McFeely’s ‘Grant: A Biography.’” Civil War History 33, no. 1 (March 1987).

  ———. “Henry Adams and the Age of Grant.” The Hayes Historical Journal 8, no. 3 (Spring 1989).

  Smith, Scott S. “Gen. William Sherman’s Total War Produced Victory.” Investor’s Business Daily, April 23, 2013.

  Smith, William Wrenshall. “Holocaust Holiday.” Civil War Times Illustrated 18, no. 6 (October 1979).

  “Speech of General Rawlins.” Army and Navy Journal, July 13, 1867.

  Stevens, John Paul. “The Court & the Right to Vote: A Dissent.” The New York Review of Books, August 15, 2013.

  Stevens, Walter B. “Joseph P. McCullagh . . . Third Article.” The Missouri Historical Review 25, no. 4 (April 1931).

  Stiles, T. J. “A Man of Moral Courage.” The New York Times Book Review, October 23, 2016.

  “Stories of Grant.” Chicago Daily Tribune, April 12, 1885.

  Summers, Mark W. “‘To Make the Wheels Revolve We Must Have Grease’: Barrel Politics in the Gilded Age.” Journal of Policy History 14, no. 1 (2002).

  Swaim, Barton. “On Being a Southerner.” The New Criterion (November 2011).

  Swinney, Everette. “Enforcing the Fifteenth Amendment, 1870–1877.” The Journal of Southern History 28, no. 2 (May 1962).

  Taussig, William. “Personal Recollections of General Grant.” Missouri Historical Society Publications 2, no. 3 (1903).

  Thayer, John M. “Grant at Pilot Knob.” McClure’s Magazine 5, no. 5 (October 1895).

  “The Week.” The Nation 22, no. 559 (March 16, 1876).

  “‘This Thankless Office.’” American History Illustrated 11, no. 7 (January 1977).

  Trombley, Leah. “Grant Cottage: A Treasure Almost Lost.” Typescript. Courtesy of The Friends of Grant Cottage.

  Truman, Benjamin C. “Anecdotes of Andrew Johnson.” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 85 (January 1913).

  Vincent, John H. “The Inner Life of Ulysses S. Grant.” The Chautauquan 30, no. 6 (March 1900).

  Ward, Ferdinand. “General Grant as I Knew Him.” New York Herald, December 19 and 26, 1909, and January 2, 9, and 16, 1910.

  “Washington.” The New York Times, October 24, 1869.

  “Washington Letter.” The American Israelite 26, no. 1151 (June 23, 1876); letter signed “Sopher.”

  Watrous, A. E. “Grant as His Son Saw Him.” McClure’s Magazine 2, no. 6 (May 1894).

  Webb, Ross A. “Benjamin H. Bristow: Civil Rights Champion, 1866–1872.” Civil War History 15, no. 1 (March 1969).

  Westwood, Howard C. “Lincoln and the Hampton Roads Peace Conference.” Lincoln Herald 81 (Winter 1979).

  White, Patrick H. “Civil War Diary of Patrick H. White.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 15, nos. 3–4 (October 1922–January 1923).

  Wickenden, Dorothy. “Union Man.” The New Yorker, October 1, 2012.

  Wilentz, Sean. “The Return of Ulysses.” The New Republic, January 25, 2010.

  ———. “Who’s Buried in the History Books.” The New York Times, March 14, 2010.

  Wills, Garry. “How Lincoln Played the Press.” The New York Review of Books, November 6, 2014.

  “With Grant in Mexico.” The Philadelphia Times, March 9, 13, and 14, 1880.

  Woodward, C. Vann. “The Enigma of U. S. Grant.” The New York Review of Books, March 19, 1981.

  ILLUSTRATION CREDITS

  FRONTISPIECE

  Here: Ulysses S. Grant, lieutenant general, U.S.A., by Frederick Gutekunst. 1865. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-1770.

  PART TITLE PAGES

  Here: Brevet Second Lieutenant U. S. Grant at the age of 21 years, by A. H. Ritchie. Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant. New York: Charles L. Webster & Company. 1885.

  Here: President Ulysses S. Grant [as general], by Mathew B. Brady. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-91985.

  Here: Ulysses S. Grant, by Mathew B. Brady. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-21986.

  Here: Last photo
graph of General Grant. 1885. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-59085.

  ILLUSTRATION INSERT

  Here: General Ulysses S. Grant at his headquarters in Cold Harbor, Virginia. 1864. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ61-903.

  Here: Mrs. Jesse Grant Sr., by F. H. Price. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-101878.

  Here: Mr. Jesse Grant. Library of Congress, Brady-Handy Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-cwpbh-00919.

  Here: Grant, Mrs. U. S., and son (Jesse) and daughter (Nellie), also her father, Mr. Dent. Library of Congress, Brady-Handy Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-cwpbh-04778.

  Here: General Winfield Scott, commander in chief of the U.S. Army, in uniform, by Mathew B. Brady. Library of Congress, Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ppmsca-49617.

  Here: Zachary Taylor, half-length portrait, by Alexander Hay Ritchie. 1848. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-71730.

  Here: General John A. Rawlins, left, General U. S. Grant, center, and an unidentified officer. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ppmsca-3409.

  Here: Elihu B. Washburne, representative from Illinois, Thirty-fifth Congress, by Julian Vannerson. 1859. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ppmsca-26793.

  Here: Colonel Ely S. Parker, by Mathew B. Brady. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland.

  Here: General Adam Badeau. Library of Congress, Brady-Handy Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-cwpbh-00094.

  Here: Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, Brevet Colonel Adam Badeau, and Brevet Colonel O. E. Babcock, by Leon Van Loo. Courtesy of Missouri History Museum, St. Louis.

  Here: William Tecumseh Sherman. 1888. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-72801.

  Here: Sheridan and his generals, by Alexander Gardner and Moses P. Rice. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ppmsca-24021.

  Here: Portrait of Major General Benjamin F. Butler, officer of the Federal Army. Library of Congress, Selected Civil War photographs 1861–1865, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-cwpb-04894.