by Becky Taylor
Nazi legislation, racial ideology and antisocial habits 164–5, 166–70
Nuremburg Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour 168
policing and surveillance technologies 140, 151, 153–5, 164–5, 166, 168, 169–70, 203
post-war compensation and restitution 189–91
post-war non-racial legislation 201, 202–3
Prussia 118–19, 135, 136, 137, 150, 165
Race Hygiene and Population Biology Research Centre 168–9
racial inequality and superiority of Aryan race 137–8, 153–4
raiding bands (1700s) 76–7
Roma and Sinti civil rights movement 213–14
Roma immigration from Eastern Bloc countries 225–6, 227–8
Society for Endangered Peoples 213–14
spying allegations (1400s) 56–7
sterilization policy 168, 184–5, 191–2
Thirty Years War, effects of 73–8, 80
trades, association with particular 130
vagrant poor, dealing with 55, 135–6, 138–40, 153–5
Wandergewerbescheine (licence to trade) 164, 171, 181, 192
witchcraft trials 48–9
Gitano 67, 109, 117, 229
Greece 25, 27, 31
Grellmann, Heinrich, Dissertation on the Gypsies 98, 100, 101, 103
Gypsies
definition problems 11–13, 15–16, 19
language and culture, recording of 14
racialization of 17–18
Gypsy Lore Society 13–14, 74–6
Holocaust see relevant entries under Germany and Poland
Holy Roman Empire 65, 67–8
Hungary
educational opportunities 147
First World War and homeless Gypsy children 156
Gypsies mixing with, wider society, evidence of (1600s) 81, 82, 147
Gypsy violin groups 118
post-1956 proactive policy towards minorities 204–5
post-war sedentarization policies 198
Second World War and racist terror campaign 180–81
separate cultural identity, denial of (1700s) 100–102
socialist regime collapse, anti-Roma prejudice 225
targeted housing schemes, impact of 205
vagrant poor, dealing with 103
India, Romani origins 18, 20, 21, 24, 98–9
International Criminal Police Commission (Interpol) 162–3
International Romani Union 213, 214
Italy 11, 72, 159
Jenische 11, 120–21, 157
Jews 37, 97, 187
Magdeburg chronicle 14
Manouches 11, 132, 176, 229
Mengele, Josef 169, 182, 183, 184
Moldavia and Wallachia see Romania
Ottoman empire
close association with specific regions, evidence of 121–2
community involvement 93–4
military campaigns, involvement in 31, 33, 62
millet system for confessional communities 27–8, 36
Muslim Gypsies 62, 94, 122, 130
nation state, increased dominance of 126, 129–30
nomadic lifestyle, toleration of 33–4
occupational records 32–3
religious allegiance 27–8, 31–2, 34–6, 62, 94, 122, 130
sancak system 34–5, 61
see also Balkans slave trade reform 126–9
stereotypes, creation of 97
tax registers 19, 30–31, 32, 33–5, 62, 94–5, 121
Persia 18, 21–2
Poland 130, 159
artistic elite, post-war political use of 197
concentration camps 173, 174, 176, 180, 181, 182–5, 190
Nazi persecution 172, 182–5
post-war sedentarization policies 198
Portugal 54, 88–91, 92–3
Puxon, Gratton 212
Ritter, Dr Robert 17, 168–9, 173
Roma 12, 19–20, 28, 195–6, 200, 203–4, 225–32
Romanestan (Gypsy state), call for 210, 211, 212–13
Romania (Moldavia and Wallachia)
artisan skills 30, 63
feudal slavery 24–5, 28–30, 62–4, 95–6, 126–8
Kalderashi as French metal-workers (1800s) 130
mixed marriages, decree against (1766) 95–6
nomadic Roma (1970s) 204
Second World War and forced labour camps 179
taxation system 94–5, 126
Romantic movement 113–14
Rumelia see Balkans
Russia 118, 159–61, 197
Serbia 24, 28, 174, 178
Sinti 11, 120–21, 132, 168, 171–4, 179, 181–2, 185, 190–2, 213–15, 225, 233
slavery
and colonialism 90–91, 93
feudal, Moldavia and Wallachia 24–5, 28–30, 62–4, 95–6, 126–8
reform and Enlightenment 126–9
Spain
close association with specific regions, evidence of 82–3, 117
Counter-Reformation, effects of 58
equal citizenship legislation (1783) 109–10
expulsion order (1619) 60
flamenco as art form 117–18 ‘gitano’, banning use of word (1619) 67
‘great round-up’ (1749) 105, 106–9
Gypsies mixing with wider society, evidence of (1600s) 82
labour power of prisoners, use of (1600s) 71–2, 105
legislation against Gypsies 58–9, 60, 67
local and central governments, tensions between 108–9
Moriscos, perceived connections with 57–8, 59–60
penal colonies (1700s) 88
separate cultural identity, denial of (1700s) 104–9
vagrant poor, dealing with 54, 55
Syria 93–4
Thrace (Turkey) 24, 27, 31
U.S. 91–2, 93, 130–31
Venetian Empire 25–7
World Romani Congress 212, 213
Yugoslavia, Roma Association 212, 213 272