by Ron Chernow
79. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 45.
80. Burrows and Wallace, Gotham, p. 236.
81. PAH, vol. 1, p. 356, letter to Israel Putnam, November 9, 1777.
82. Ibid., p. 365, letter from George Washington, November 15, 1777.
83. Ibid., pp. 360–61, letter to George Washington, November 12, 1777.
84. Flexner, Young Hamilton, pp. 204–5.
85. McCullough, John Adams, p. 173.
86. Flexner, Young Hamilton, p. 210.
87. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 149.
88. Ibid., p. 150.
89. Ibid., p. 151.
90. PAH, vol. 2, p. 420, letter to James Duane, September 6, 1780.
91. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 428, letter to George Clinton, February 13, 1778.
92. Wallace, Life of Henry Laurens, p. 267.
93. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 306. 9. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 333. 10. PAH, vol. 1, pp. 497–98, letter to William Duer, June 18, 1778.
11. Ibid., vol. 3, p. 588, letter to John Jay, December 7, 1784.
12. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton, p. 241.
13. PAH, vol. 3, p. 101, “The Continentalist No. VI,” July 4, 1782.
14. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 411, “Pay Book of the State Company of Artillery.”
15. Ibid., p. 373.
16. Ibid., p. 381.
17. Ibid., p. 390.
18. Ibid., p. 397.
19. The American Historical Review, January 1957. 20. PAH, vol. 1, p. 400.
21. Ibid., pp. 399–400.
22. Ferling, John Adams, p. 206.
23. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 295.
24. Hamilton, Reminiscences of James A. Hamilton, p. 11.
25. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 356.
26. PAH, vol. 1, p. 510, letter to Elias Boudinot, July 5, 1778.
27. Flexner, Washington, p. 120.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid., p. 121.
30. PAH, vol. 1, pp. 507–8, “Proceedings of a General Court-Martial for the Trial of Major General Charles Lee, July 4, 1778.”
31. Flexner, Young Hamilton, p. 231.
32. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 345. 33. Ibid.
34. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, p. 220.
35. Ibid., p. 221.
36. PAH, vol. 1, p. 512, letter to Elias Boudinot, July 5, 1778.
37. Ibid.
38. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, pp. 232–33.
39. PAH, vol. 23, pp. 546–47.
40. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 513, letter to Elias Boudinot, July 5, 1778.
41. Ibid.
42. Lee, Charles Lee Papers, p. 62.
43. Davis, Memoirs of Aaron Burr, vol. 1, p. 135. 44. Lee, Charles Lee Papers, p. 393.
45. PAH, vol. 1, p. 593, letter from John Laurens, December 5, 1778.
46. Journal of the Early Republic, spring 1995. 47. PAH, vol. 1, p. 603, “Account of a Duel Between Major General Charles Lee and Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens,” December 24, 1778. 48. Lee, Charles Lee Papers, p. 285.
49. PAH, vol. 1, p. 603, “Account of a Duel Between Major General Charles Lee and Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens,” December 24, 1778. 50. Ibid., pp. 562–63, first “Publius” letter, October 16, 1778.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid, p. 569, second “Publius” letter, October 26, 1778.
53. Ibid., p. 580, third “Publius” letter, November 16, 1778.
54. PAH, vol. 19, p. 521, “Relations with France,” [1795–1796].
55. Hamilton, Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 1, p. 563.
56. Kennedy, Burr, Hamilton, and Jefferson, p. 103. 57. Hamilton, Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 2, p. 36. 58. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. xv.
59. LC-AHP, reel 30, “Robert Troup Memo on the Conway Cabal,” October 26, 1827.
60. PAH, vol. 1, pp. 246–47, letter to William Duer, May 6, 1777.
61. Ibid., vol. 20, p. 509, “The Warning No. II,” February 7, 1797.
62. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 53, letter to John Laurens, May 22, 1779.
63. Ibid., p. 35, letter to John Laurens, April 1779. 64. Wallace, Life of Henry Laurens, p. 474.
65. PAH, vol. 2, pp. 17–18, letter to John Jay, March 14, 1779.
66. McCullough, John Adams, p. 133.
67. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 101. 68. Ibid., p. 102.
69. PAH, vol. 2, p. 166, letter to John Laurens, September 11, 1779.
70. McDonough, Christopher Gadsden and Henry Laurens, p. 240.
71. PAH, vol. 2, pp. 34–35, letter to John Laurens, April 1779.
72. Ibid., p. 165, letter to John Laurens, September 11, 1779.
73. Ibid., p. 91, letter from John Brooks, July 4, 1779. 74. Ibid., p. 99, letter to Francis Dana, July 11, 1779. 75. Ibid., p. 154, letter to William Gordon, September 5, 1779.
76. Ibid., p. 167, letter to John Laurens, September 11, 1779.
Six: A Frenzy of Valor
1. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 291.
2. Ibid., p. 287.
3. PAH, vol. 1, p. 435, letter to Henry E. Lutterloh, February 1778.
4. Ibid., p. 426, letter to George Clinton, February 13, 1778.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 427.
7. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 418, memo to George Washington, January 29, 1778.
8. Ibid., p. 440, letter to George Clinton, March 12, 1778.
Seven: The Lovesick Colonel
1. Smith, John Marshall, p. 68.
2. PAH, vol. 2, p. 37, letter to John Laurens, April 1779.
3. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 377.
4. PAH, vol. 2, p. 255, letter to John Laurens, January 8, 1780.
5. Ibid., p. 261.
6. Brooks, Dames and Daughters of Colonial Days, p. 237.
7. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 198.
8. Lossing, Hours with the Living Men and Women of the Revolution, p. 140.
9. Van Doren, Benjamin Franklin, p. 544. 10. Humphreys, Catherine Schuyler, p. 136. 11. PAH, vol. 2, p. 270, letter to Margarita Schuyler, February 1780.
12. Flexner, Young Hamilton, p. 277.
13. Chastellux, Travels in North America, p. 375, and Warville, New Travels in the United States of America, p. 148.
14. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 105.
15. Ibid., p. 106.
16. Baxter, Godchild of Washington, p. 222. 17. Atlantic Monthly, August 1896.
18. The William and Mary Quarterly, January 1955. 19. PAH, vol. 2, p. 354, letter to Anthony Wayne, July 6, 1780.
20. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 126.
21. CU-HFP, box 1, letter from Elizabeth Hamilton to Philip Church, n.d.
22. LC-AHP, reel 30, letter from Elizabeth Hamilton to Mrs. Cochran, October 25, 1819.
23. PAH, vol. 2, p. 348, letter to John Laurens, June 30, 1780.
24. Ibid., p. 431, letter to John Laurens, September 16, 1780.
25. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 177, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, July 21, 1797.
26. Steiner, Life and Correspondence of James McHenry, p. 45.
27. Ibid.
28. PAH, vol. 21, p. 481, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., June 2, 1798.
29. Riedesel, Letters and Memoirs Relating to the War of American Independence, p. 196.
30. Humphreys, Catherine Schuyler, p. 88
31. Graydon, Memoirs of His Own Time, p. 144. 32. Gerlach, Proud Patriot, p. 320.
33. PAH, vol. 2, pp. 286–87, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, March 17, 1780.
34. Ibid., pp. 309–10, letter to Catherine Schuyler, April 14, 1780.
35. Hamilton, Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 2, p. 336.
36. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 90.
37. PAH, vol. 2, p. 250, “Letter on Currency,” December 1779–March 1780.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid., p. 242.
40. Ibi
d., p. 237.
41. Emery, Alexander Hamilton, p. 48.
42. PAH, vol. 2, p. 422, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, September 6, 1780.
77. Ibid., p. 539, letter to Margarita Schuyler, January 21, 1781.
78. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 202.
79. Gerlach, Proud Patriot, p. 403.
80. Ibid., p. 191.
81. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 568.
82. PAH, vol. 2, p. 509, letter to George Washington, November 22, 1780.
83. Ibid., p. 255, letter to John Laurens, January 8, 1780.
84. Ibid., p. 565, letter to Philip Schuyler, February 18, 1781.
85. Ibid., p. 549, letter to John Laurens, February 4, 1781.
86. Ibid., pp. 563–64, letter to Philip Schuyler, February 18, 1781.
87. Ibid., p. 564.
88. Ibid., p. 565.
89. Ibid., pp. 566–67.
90. Ibid., p. 569, letter to James McHenry, February 18, 1781.
43. Ibid., p. 401, letter to James Duane, September 3, 1780.
44. Ibid., p. 405.
45. Ibid., p. 406.
46. Ibid., p. 347, letter to John Laurens, May 12, 1780.
47. Ibid., p. 428, letter to John Laurens, September 12, 1780.
48. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 412.
49. Van Doren, Secret History of the American Revolution, p. 346.
50. Flexner, Young Hamilton, p. 308.
51. PAH, vol. 2, pp. 440–41, letter to Nathanael Greene, September 25, 1780.
52. Ibid., p. 439, letter from Benedict Arnold to George Washington, September 25, 1780.
53. Flexner, Young Hamilton, p. 314.
54. PAH, vol. 2, p. 442, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, September 25, 1780.
55. Ibid., p. 467, letter to John Laurens, October 11, 1780.
56. Van Doren, Secret History of the American Revolution, p. 366.
57. PAH, vol. 3, p. 92, letter to Henry Knox, June 7, 1782.
58. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 420.
59. PAH, vol. 2, p. 468.
60. Ibid., p. 467.
61. Ibid., p. 449, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, October 2, 1780.
62. Ibid., p. 474, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, October 13, 1780.
63. Ibid., p. 385, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, August 31, 1780.
64. Ibid., p. 455, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, October 5, 1780.
65. Ibid., p. 374, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, August 8, 1780.
66. Ibid., p. 422, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, September 6, 1780.
67. Ibid., p. 351, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, July 2–4, 1780.
68. Ibid., p. 493, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, October 27, 1780.
69. Ibid., p. 398, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, August 1780.
70. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 78, letter to William Hamilton, May 2, 1797.
71. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 418, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, September 3, 1780.
72. Ibid., p. 374, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, August 8, 1780.
73. Rogow, Fatal Friendship, p. 59.
74. Gerlach, Proud Patriot, pp. 437–38.
75. PAH, vol. 2, p. 350, letter to Elizabeth Schuyler, June–October 1780.
76. Ibid., p. 521.
Eight: Glory
1. “Hamilton’s Quarrel with Washington, 1781,” The William and Mary Quarterly, April 1955.
2. Flexner, Young Hamilton, p. 338.
3. PAH, vol. 2, p. 595, letter to Nathanael Greene, April 19, 1781.
4. Hamilton, Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 2, p. 191.
5. PAH, vol. 2, p. 601, letter to George Washington, April 27, 1781.
6. Ibid., p. 602, letter from George Washington, April 27, 1781.
7. Ibid., p. 235.
8. Ibid., p. 606, letter to Robert Morris, April 30, 1781.
9. Ibid., p. 605.
10. Ibid., p. 618.
11. Ibid., p. 631.
12. Ibid., p. 635.
13. Ibid., p. 554, letter to the marquis de BarbéMarbois, February 7, 1781.
14. Smith, John Marshall, p. 5.
15. PAH, vol. 2, p. 650, “The Continentalist No. I,” July 12, 1781.
16. Ibid., p. 651.
17. Ibid., p. 674, “The Continentalist No. IV,” August 30, 1781.
18. Cooke, Alexander Hamilton, p. 136.
19. PAH, vol. 2, p. 636, letter to George Washington, May 2, 1781.
20. Ibid., p. 641, letter from John B. Church, May 18, 1781.
21. Ibid., p. 647, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, July 10, 1781.
22. Kaminski, George Clinton, p. 40.
23. NYPL-PSP, reel 17.
24. Cunningham, Schuyler Mansion, p. 205. 25. NYPL-PSP, reel 17.
26. PAH, vol. 2, p. 666, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, August 16, 1781.
27. Ibid., p. 667, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, August 22, 1781.
28. Ibid., p. 675, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, September 6, 1781.
29. Tuchman, First Salute, p. 267.
30. Flexner, Young Hamilton, p. 357.
31. Tuchman, First Salute, p. 281.
32. McDonald, Alexander Hamilton, p. 25. 33. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 420.
34. PAH, vol. 2, p. 678, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, October 12, 1781.
35. Flexner, Young Hamilton, p. 364.
36. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 461. 37. Hamilton, Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 2, p. 270.
38. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 461. 39. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 259.
40. PAH, vol. 2, p. 683, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, October 18, 1781.
41. Ibid., vol. 26, p. 421, letter to the vicomte de Noailles, November–December 1781.
42. Ibid., pp. 424–25, letter to the vicomte de Noailles, April 4, 1782.
43. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 261.
44. PAH, vol. 5, p. 348, “Eulogy for Nathanael Greene, July 4, 1789.”
11. Ibid., p. 89, letter to Robert Morris, May 18, 1782.
12. Ibid., p. 105, “The Continentalist No. VI,” July 4, 1782.
13. Ibid., p. 102.
14. Ibid., p. 169, letter to Robert Morris, September 28, 1782.
15. Ibid., p. 135, letter to Robert Morris, August 13, 1782.
16. LC-AHP, reel 30, letter from James Kent to Elizabeth Hamilton, December 20, 1832. 17. PAH, vol. 3, p. 121, letter from John Laurens, July 1782.
18. Ibid., p. 145, letter to John Laurens, August 15, 1782.
19. Wallace, Life of Henry Laurens, p. 489.
20. McDonough, Christopher Gadsden and Henry Laurens, p. 262.
21. PAH, vol. 3, p. 192, letter to the marquis de Lafayette, November 3, 1782.
22. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 97.
23. PAH, vol. 3, p. 226, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, December 18, 1782.
24. Ibid., p. 238, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, January 8, 1783.
25. Ibid., p. 424, memo of July 1783.
26. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 112.
27. Wills, James Madison, p. 19.
28. Brodie, Thomas Jefferson, p. 301.
29. Wills, James Madison, p. 20.
30. Ibid., p. 35.
31. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 119.
32. The American Historical Review, January 1957. 33. PAH, vol. 3, p. 216, “Continental Congress Report on a Letter from the Speaker of the Rhode Island Assembly,” December 16, 1782. 34. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 102. 35. The American Historical Review, January 1957. 36. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 292.
37. PAH, vol. 3, p. 256, letter to George Clinton, February 14, 1783.
38. Ibid., p. 254, letter to George Washington, February 13, 1783.
39. Brookhiser, Gentleman Revolutionary, p. 72. 40. PAH, vol. 3, p. 254, letter to George Washington, February 13, 1783.
41. Ibid., p. 264, James Madison notes on the conversation on the evening of February 20, 1783. 42. Ibid., p. 278, letter
from George Washington, March 4, 1783.
43. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 474. 44. PAH, vol. 3, p. 286, letter from George Washington, March 12, 1783.
45. Ibid., p. 287.
46. Flexner, Washington, p. 174.
Nine: Raging Billows
1. PAH, vol. 3, p. 69, letter to Richard Kidder Meade, March 1782.
2. Ibid., pp. 150–51, letter to Richard Kidder
Meade, August 27, 1782.
3. Ibid., pp. 69–70, letter to Richard Kidder Meade,
March 1782.
4. McDonald, Alexander Hamilton, pp. 60–61. 5. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 52.
6. PAH, vol. 3, p. 192, letter to the marquis de
Lafayette, November 3, 1782.
7. Ibid., p. 471.
8. NYPL-PSP, reel 17, letter from Alexander
McDougall to Philip Schuyler, October 12,
1781.
9. The New-York Packet and the American Adver-
tiser, April 18, 1782.
10. PAH, vol. 3, p. 78, “The Continentalist No. V,”
April 18, 1782.
47. Ellis, Founding Brothers, p. 130.
48. PAH, vol. 3, p. 291, letter to George Washington, March 17, 1783.
49. Ibid., p. 293.
50. Ibid., p. 310, letter from George Washington, March 31, 1783.
51. Flexner, Young Hamilton, p. 412.
52. PAH, vol. 3, p. 335, letter from George Washington, April 22, 1783.
53. Ibid., p. 397, letter to William Jackson, June 19, 1783.
54. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 142.
55. PAH, vol. 3, p. 451, letter to John Dickinson, September 25–30, 1783.
56. Ibid., p. 401, “Continental Congress Resolutions on Measures to Be Taken in Consequence of the Pennsylvania Mutiny,” June 21, 1783.
57. Ibid., p. 406, “Continental Congress Report of a Committee Appointed to Confer with the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania on the Mutiny,” June 24, 1783.
58. Ibid., p. 407, letter to George Clinton, June 29, 1783.
59. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 142.
60. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 1, p. 404.
61. PAH, vol. 3, p. 412, letter to James Madison, July 6, 1783.
62. Ibid., p. 376, letter to Nathanael Greene, June 10, 1783.
63. Ibid., “Continental Congress Unsubmitted Resolution Calling for a Convention to Amend the Articles of Confederation,” July 1783.
64. Wood, American Revolution, p. 148.
65. PAH, vol. 3, p. 413, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, July 22, 1783.
66. Ibid., p. 431, letter to Robert R. Livingston, August 13, 1783.
67. Wood, American Revolution, p. 87.
68. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 223.