by Ron Chernow
69. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 421.
70. PAH, vol. 3, p. 492, “Letter from Phocion,” January 1784.
71. Schecter, Battle for New York, p. 377.
72. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 82.
73. PAH, vol. 3, p. 481, letter to Samuel Loudon, December 27, 1783.
74. King, Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, vol. 4, p. 407.
Ten: A Grave, Silent, Strange Sort of Animal 1. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 240.
2. NYPL-JAHP, box 1.
3. Ames, Sketch of the Character of Alexander Hamilton, pp. 7–8.
4. Kent, Memoirs and Letters of James Kent, p. 228.
5. Sullivan, Public Men of the Revolution, p. 260.
6. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 37.
7. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 46.
8. King, Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, vol. 3, p. 460.
9. NYPL-JAHP, box 1.
10. Ibid.
11. Hamilton, Reminiscences of James A. Hamilton, p. 6.
12. Ibid.
13. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 689.
14. McDonald, Alexander Hamilton, p. 63. 15. Ibid., p. 314.
16. LC-AHP, reel 30, letter from James Kent to Elizabeth Hamilton, December 20, 1832. 17. Ibid., letter from Robert Troup to Timothy Pickering, March 31, 1828.
18. Ames, Sketch of the Character of Alexander Hamilton, p. 10.
19. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 7.
20. PAH, vol. 26, p. 239.
21. Parton, Life and Times of Aaron Burr, p. 368. 22. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, p. 14.
23. Ibid., p. 97.
24. LC-WPP, reel 1, diary entry of January 22, 1807. 25. The New York Review of Books, February 2, 1984. 26. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 427.
27. PAH, vol. 25, p. 321, letter to James A. Bayard, January 16, 1801.
28. Ibid., p. 296, letter to John Rutledge, Jr., January 4, 1801.
29. Rogow, Fatal Friendship, p. 91.
30. Ibid., p. 93.
31. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton, p. 188.
32. Parton, Life and Times of Aaron Burr, p. 153. 33. PAH, vol. 25, p. 298, letter to John Rutledge, Jr., January 4, 1801.
34. LC-WPP, reel 1, diary entry, January 22, 1807. 35. Brookhiser, Alexander Hamilton, p. 150. 36. Parton, Life and Times of Aaron Burr, p. 149. 37. PAH, vol. 3, p. 141, letter to Robert Morris, August 13, 1782.
38. Ibid., p. 459, letter from John Jay, September 28, 1783.
39. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 481. 40. PAH, vol. 3, p. 484, “Letter from Phocion,” January 1784.
41. Ibid., p. 485.
42. Ibid., p. 556, “Second Letter from Phocion,” April 1784.
43. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 152.
44. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 307.
45. Brookhiser, Alexander Hamilton, p. 58. 46. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 153.
47. LPAH, vol. 1, p. 301.
48. Cheetham, Narrative of the Suppression by Col. Burr, p. 55.
49. PAH, vol. 3, p. 524, letter to Gouverneur Morris, March 21, 1784.
50. Ibid., p. 521, letter to John B. Church, March 10, 1784.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid., p. 514, “Constitution of the Bank of New Yor k .”
24. McDonald, Alexander Hamilton, p. 373. 25. PAH, vol. 19, p. 204, letter from Philip Schuyler, August 31, 1795; LPAH, vol. 5, p. 409, cashbook entry for March 23, 1796.
26. William-Myers, Long Hammering, p. 23. 27. McCullough, John Adams, p. 134.
28. Ferling, John Adams, p. 172.
29. Ibid., p. 173.
30. Morgan, Benjamin Franklin, p. 105.
31. The New York Review of Books, November 4, 1999.
32. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 374.
33. Rakove, James Madison and the Creation of the American Republic, p. 144.
34. Ibid., pp. 144–45.
35. PAH, vol. 18, p. 519, “The Defence No. III,” July 29, 1795.
36. Brookhiser, Gentleman Revolutionary, p. 34. 37. NYHS-NYCMS, reel 1, February 4, 1785. 38. Burrows and Wallace, Gotham, p. 286. 39. Lomask, Aaron Burr: The Conspiracy and Years of Exile, p. 403.
40. NYHS-NYCMS, reel 2, [ca. August–September 1786].
41. Ibid., [ca. March 1786].
42. Wood, American Revolution, p. 120.
43. PAH, vol. 3, p. 639, letter from George Washington, December 11, 1785.
44. Extract from the Proceedings of the New-York State Society, of the Cincinnati, p. 6.
45. Ibid., p. 10.
46. Ibid., p. 12.
Eleven: Ghosts 1. Hamilton, Reminiscences of James A. Hamilton, p. 3.
2. PAH, vol. 4, p. 279, letter from Angelica Church, October 2, 1787.
3. Ibid., vol. 3, p. 620, letter to Angelica Church, August 3, 1785.
4. Ibid., pp. 3–4.
5. Ibid., p. 3.
6. Ibid., vol. 4, p. 120.
7. Menz, Historic Furnishing Report, pp. 70–71.
8. Hamilton, Reminiscences of James A. Hamilton, p. 65.
9. Original Will Transcript Book of South Carolina, 1780–1783, “Will of Peter Lavien.” Copy in the South Carolina Room, Charleston County Public Library, Charleston, S.C.
10. PAH, vol. 3, p. 235, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, 1782.
11. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 184.
12. PAH, vol. 3, p. 474, letter from Hugh Knox, October 27, 1783.
13. Ibid., p. 573, letter from Hugh Knox, July 28, 1784.
14. Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society, April 1951.
15. PAH, vol. 3, p. 617, letter to James Hamilton, June 22, 1785.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., vol. 20, p. 459, “From Ann Mitchell,” [1796].
19. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 484, letter from Edward Stevens, May 8, 1778.
20. Ibid., vol. 3, p. 574, letter from Hugh Knox, July 28, 1784.
21. Bailyn, Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, p. 244.
22. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 96.
23. PAH, vol. 2, p. 642, letter to George Clinton, May 22, 1781.
Twelve: August and Respectable Assembly 1. PAH, vol. 25, p. 479, “The Examination,” no. 5; New-York Evening Post, December 29, 1801. 2. Ibid., vol. 3, p. 609, letter to Robert Livingston,
April 25, 1785.
3. The New-York Packet, April 7, 1785.
4. Kaminski, George Clinton, p. 107.
5. Knott, Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, p. 87.
6. Kaminski, George Clinton, p. 246.
7. PAH, vol. 3, pp. 137–38, letter to Robert Morris, August 13, 1782.
8. Ibid., vol. 5, p. 290, “H. G. Letter XI,” March 6, 1789.
9. Kaminski, George Clinton, p. 18.
10. LC-WPP, reel 1, diary entry, March 15, 1806. 11. PAH, vol. 21, pp. 77–78, letter to William Hamilton, May 2, 1797.
12. The William and Mary Quarterly, April 1947. 13. Kaminski, George Clinton, p. 115.
14. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 356.
15. Wood, American Revolution, p. 152.
16. Hamilton, Federalist, pp. lviii–lix.
58. Ibid., p. 186, Hamilton’s notes, June 18, 1787. 59. Ibid., p. 192, Madison’s notes, June 18, 1787. 60. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 101. 61. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 391.
62. Ibid.
63. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 114. 64. Ibid., p. 188.
65. Ibid., p. 14.
66. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, p. 471.
67. Ferling, John Adams, p. 309.
68. Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin, p. 451. 69. The William and Mary Quarterly, 1955. 70. PAH, vol. 4, p. 221, “Remarks on Equality of Representation of the States in the Congress,” June 29, 1787.
71. Ibid.
72. Ibid., pp. 224–25, letter to George Washington, July 3, 1787.
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br /> 73. Ibid., p. 225, letter from George Washington, July 10, 1787.
74. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson, p. 87. 75. PAH, vol. 4, p. 235, letter to Rufus King, August 20, 1787.
76. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 311. 77. PAH, vol. 5, p. 289, “H.G. Letter XI,” March 6,
1789.
78. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 407.
79. The Daily Advertiser, July 21, 1787.
80. New-York Journal, September 20, 1787. 81. PAH, vol. 4, p. 280, letter to George Washington, October 11–15, 1787.
82. Ibid., p. 284, letter from George Washington, October 18, 1787.
83. Ibid., p. 226, letter to Nathaniel Mitchell, July 20, 1787.
84. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 208. 85. Ellis, Founding Brothers, p. 91.
86. Ibid., p. 92.
87. Ibid., p. 201.
88. NYHS-NYCMS, reel 1, August 1787. 89. Ibid., January 26, 1788.
90. Emery, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103.
91. Berkin, Brilliant Solution, p. 113.
92. Brookhiser, Gentleman Revolutionary, p. 88. 93. Ibid., p. 60.
94. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 42. 95. Fleming, Duel, p. 22.
96. Brookhiser, Alexander Hamilton, p. 7. 97. PAH, vol. 7, p. 72, “Conversation with George Beckwith,” September 25–30, 1790.
98. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 317.
99. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 195. 100. Brookhiser, Gentleman Revolutionary, p. 26. 101. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 263. 102. PAH, vol. 4, p. 253, “Remarks on Signing the Constitution,” September 17, 1787.
103. Colimore, The Philadelphia Inquirer’s Guide to Historic Philadelphia, p. 9.
17. PAH, vol. 3, p. 684, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, September 8, 1786.
18. Wills, Explaining America, p. 12.
19. PAH, vol. 3, p. 687, “Address of the Annapolis Convention,” September 14, 1786.
20. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 367.
21. Cooke, Alexander Hamilton, p. xviii.
22. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 5.
23. Brookhiser, Gentleman Revolutionary, p. 80.
24. Ferling, John Adams, p. 309.
25. Wills, Explaining America, p. 7.
26. Wilson and Stanton, Jefferson Abroad, p. 120.
27. McCullough, John Adams, p. 371.
28. PAH, vol. 19, p. 18, “The Defence of the Funding System,” July 1795.
29. Ibid., vol. 4, p. 312, “The Federalist No. 6,” November 14, 1787.
30. LC-AHP, reel 30, letter from Samuel Jones to Elizabeth Hamilton, June 1, 1818.
31. PAH, vol. 4, p. 86, speech to New York Assembly, February 1787.
32. Ibid., pp. 89–90.
33. CU-HPPP, box 261, letter from Margaret Livingston to Robert R. Livingston, March 3, 1787.
34. The Daily Advertiser, February 10, 1787.
35. Ibid.
36. Kaminski, George Clinton, p. 119.
37. “Hamilton and Washington: The Origins of the American Party System,” The William and Mary Quarterly, April 1955.
38. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 488.
39. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 195.
40. PAH, vol. 12, p. 355, “Amicus,” National Gazette, September 11, 1792.
41. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 30.
42. Ibid., p. 236.
43. Butzner, Constitutional Chaff, p. 162.
44. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 195.
45. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 61.
46. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 196.
47. Ibid.
48. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, pp. 104–5.
49. PAH, vol. 4, p. 178, “Constitutional Convention Speech on a Plan of Government.”
50. Ibid., p. 187, Madison’s notes, June 18, 1787.
51. Ibid., p. 195, Robert Yates notes, June 18, 1787.
52. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 113.
53. PAH, vol. 4, p. 194, Madison’s notes, June 18, 1787.
54. Ibid., p. 186, Hamilton’s notes, June 18, 1787.
55. Ibid., p. 192, Madison’s notes, June 18, 1787.
56. The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, March 1950.
57. PAH, vol. 4, p. 165, “Notes Taken in the Federal Convention.”
Thirteen: Publius
1. Kaminski, George Clinton, p. 131.
2. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 271.
3. Burrows and Wallace, Gotham, p. 289.
4. Kaminski, George Clinton, p. 125.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 127.
7. The Daily Advertiser, September 15, 1787.
8. Ibid.
9. New-York Journal, September 20, 1787. 10. Ibid., October 4, 1787.
11. PAH, vol. 4, p. 276, “Conjectures About the New Constitution,” September 17–30, 1787. 12. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, p. 215.
13. Kent, Memoirs and Letters of James Kent, pp. 301–2.
14. Baxter, Godchild of Washington, p. 219. 15. PAH, vol. 4, p. 288.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., vol. 25, p. 558, “The Examination,” no. 15, New-York Evening Post, March 3, 1802. 18. PAH, vol. 4, p. 308, letter from George Wash- ington, November 10, 1787.
19. CU-HPPP, box 261, letter from Archibald McLean to Robert Troup, October 14, 1788. 20. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 418.
21. Knott, Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, p. 89.
22. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: Youth to Maturity, p. 417.
23. Bailyn, To Begin the World Anew, p. 102. 24. Madison, Papers of James Madison, vol. 10, p. 260.
25. The William and Mary Quarterly, April 1947. 26. NYHS-NPP.
27. Sullivan, Public Men of the Revolution, p. 261. 28. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 236.
29. Warville, New Travels in the United States of America, p. 147.
30. Ibid.
31. Scigliano, Federalist, p. 290.
32. Ibid., p. 331.
33. Ibid.
34. Bailyn, To Begin the World Anew, p. 113. 35. PAH, vol. 4, p. 301, “The Federalist No. 1,” October 27, 1787.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid., p. 304.
38. Ibid., p. 313, “The Federalist No. 6,” November 14, 1787.
39. Ibid., p. 331, “The Federalist No. 8,” November 20, 1787.
40. Ibid., p. 333, “The Federalist No. 9,” November 21, 1787.
41. Ibid., p. 340, “The Federalist No. 11,” November 24, 1787.
42. Ibid., p. 347, “The Federalist No. 12,” November 27, 1787.
43. Ibid., p. 356, “The Federalist No. 15,” December 1, 1787.
44. Ibid., p. 395, “The Federalist No. 20,” December 11, 1787.
45. Ibid., p. 400, “The Federalist No. 21,” December 12, 1787.
46. Ibid., p. 409, “The Federalist No. 22,” December 14, 1787.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid., p. 426, “The Federalist No. 25,” December 21, 1787.
49. Ibid., p. 420, “The Federalist No. 24,” December 19, 1787.
50. Ibid., p. 421.
51. Ibid., p. 439, “The Federalist No. 28,” December 26, 1787.
52. Ibid., p. 450, “The Federalist No. 30,” December 28, 1787.
53. Ibid., p. 451.
54. Ibid., p. 472, “The Federalist No. 34,” January 5, 1788.
55. Ibid., p. 456, “The Federalist No. 31,” January 1, 1788.
56. Ibid., p. 472, “The Federalist No. 34,” January 5, 1788.
57. Ibid., p. 461, “The Federalist No. 32,” January 2, 1788.
58. Ibid., p. 482, “The Federalist No. 35,” January 5, 1788.
59. Ibid., p. 483, “The Federalist No. 36,” January 8, 1788.
60. Ibid., p. 548, “The Federalist No. 60,” February 23, 1788.
61. Ibid., p. 567, “The Federalist No. 63,” March 1, 1788.
62. Ibid., p. 575, “The Federalist No. 66,” March 7, 1788.
> 63. Ibid., p. 599, “The Federalist No. 70,” March 15, 1788.
64. Ibid., p. 605.
65. Ibid., p. 609, “The Federalist No. 71,” March 18, 1788.
66. Ibid., p. 612, “The Federalist No. 72,” March 19, 1788.
67. Ibid., p. 625, “The Federalist No. 74,” March 25, 1788.
107. NYHS-MM, reel 4, letter from Abraham Bancker to Evert Bancker, June 28, 1788. 108. Smith, John Marshall, p. 119.
109. Berkin, Brilliant Solution, p. 188.
110. The Daily Advertiser, July 12, 1788. 111. Kaminski, George Clinton, p. 166.
112. Burrows and Wallace, Gotham, p. 293. 113. The William and Mary Quarterly, July 1967. 114. Ibid.
115. Burrows and Wallace, Gotham, p. 293. 116. Brookhiser, Alexander Hamilton, p. 74.
68. Ibid., p. 636, “The Federalist No. 76,” April 1, 1788.
69. Ibid., vol. 25, p. 550, “The Examination,” no. 14, New-York Evening Post, March 2, 1801.
70. Ibid., vol. 4, p. 658, “The Federalist No. 78,” May 28, 1778.
71. Ibid., p. 697, “The Federalist No. 83,” May 28, 1788.
72. Ibid., p. 706, “The Federalist No. 84,” May 28, 1788.
73. Ibid., p. 705.
74. Ibid., p. 721, “The Federalist No. 85,” May 28, 1788.
75. Ibid.
76. PAH, vol. 4, p. 650, letter to Gouverneur Morris, May 19, 1788.
77. Wills, Explaining America, p. xvi.
78. Bailyn, To Begin the World Anew, p. 101.
79. Jefferson, Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 13, p. 156.
80. PAH, vol. 4, p. 409, “The Federalist No. 22,” December 14, 1787.
81. LC-AHP, reel 30, letter from James Kent to Elizabeth Hamilton, December 20, 1832.
82. PAH, vol. 4, pp. 649–50, letter to James Madison, May 19, 1788.
83. NYPL-AYP.
84. PAH, vol. 4, p. 649, letter to James Madison, May 19, 1788.
85. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia, p. 293.
86. PAH, vol. 5, p. 3, letter to James Madison, June 8, 1788.
87. Ibid., vol. 4, p. 641, “Federalist No. 77,” April 2, 1788.
88. Hamilton, Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton, p. 49.
89. The William and Mary Quarterly, July 1967.
90. PAH, vol. 5, p. 10, letter to James Madison, June 19, 1788.
91. Cooke, Alexander Hamilton, p. 15.
92. LC-AHP, reel 30, letter from James Kent to Elizabeth Hamilton, December 20, 1832.
93. Burrows and Wallace, Gotham, p. 292.
94. PAH, vol. 5, p. 16, speech of June 19, 1788.
95. Ibid., p. 18, speech of June 20, 1788.
96. Ibid., p. 26.
97. Ibid., p. 43, speech of June 21, 1788.