by Ron Chernow
12. Ibid., vol. 7, p. 305, “Report on the Bank,”
December 13, 1790.
13. Ibid., p. 308.
14. Ibid., p. 314.
15. Ibid., p. 315.
16. Ibid., p. 321.
17. Ibid., p. 327.
18. Ibid., p. 331.
19. PAH, vol. 8, p. 218, “Notes on the Advantages of
a National Bank,” March 27, 1791.
20. Miller, Alexander Hamilton, p. 272.
21. PAH, vol. 8, pp. 218, 221, letter to George
Washington, March 27, 1791.
22. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 322.
23. Ammon, James Monroe, p. 86.
24. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: The National
Adventure, p. 95.
25. PAH, vol. 8, p. 113, “Opinion on Constitutionality of Bank,” February 23, 1791.
26. Ibid., p. 290.
27. Smith, John Marshall, p. 170.
28. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 2, p. 338. 29. Cooke, Alexander Hamilton, p. 77.
30. PAH, vol. 12, p. 85, letter from Thomas Jefferson
to James Madison, October 1, 1792.
31. Cooke, Alexander Hamilton, p. 77.
32. PAH, vol. 8, p. 58, letter to George Washington,
February 21, 1791.
33. Ibid., p. 62, letter to George Washington, February 23, 1791.
34. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: The National
Adventure, p. 99.
35. PAH, vol. 8, p. 97, “Final Version of an Opinion
on the Constitutionality of an Act to Establish a
Bank,” February 23, 1791.
36. Ibid., p. 98.
37. Ibid., p. 99.
38. Ibid., p. 132.
39. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton, p. 103.
40. Cooke, Alexander Hamilton, p. xvii.
41. PAH, vol. 7, p. 586, Report on the Mint,
January 28, 1791.
42. Ibid., p. 601.
43. Ibid., p. 598.
44. Ibid., p. 577.
45. Ibid., p. 572.
46. PAH, vol. 7, p. 451, letter from Thomas Jefferson, January 24, 1791.
47. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure, p. 104.
48. PAH, vol. 7, p. 516, letter to Benjamin Goodhue, June 30, 1791.
49. New York Historical Society Quarterly, October 1948.
50. Smith, Patriarch, p. 108.
51. New York Historical Society Quarterly, October 1948.
52. PAH, vol. 8, p. 589, letter from Fisher Ames, July 31, 1791.
53. Ibid.
54. McDonald, Alexander Hamilton, p. 223. 55. Smith, Patriarch, p. 109.
56. PAH, vol. 9, p. 60, letter from Rufus King, August 15, 1791.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid., p. 75, letter to Rufus King, August 17, 1791.
59. Ibid., p. 71, letter to William Seton, August 16, 1791.
60. Ibid., p. 74, letter to William Duer, August 17, 1791.
61. Ibid., p. 75.
62. Ibid., vol. 26, p. 617, letter from William Duer, August 16, 1791.
63. Davis, Essays in the Earlier History of American Corporations, p. 208.
64. Ibid.
14. Ibid., p. 262, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,” August 1797.
15. Ibid., vol. 9, pp. 6–7, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, August 2, 1791.
16. Ibid., p. 69, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, August 17, 1791.
17. Ibid., p. 87, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, August 21, 1791.
18. Ibid., p. 172, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, September 4, 1791.
19. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 264, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,” August 1797.
20. Ibid., p. 252.
21. Ibid., vol. 10, pp. 378–79, letter from Maria Reynolds, December 15, 1791.
22. Ibid., p. 376, letter from James Reynolds, December 15, 1791.
23. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 253, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,” August 1797.
24. Ibid., vol. 10, p. 388, letter from James Reynolds, December 17, 1791.
25. Ibid., pp. 389–90, letter to an unnamed correspondent, December 18, 1791.
26. Ibid, vol. 21, p. 253, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,” August 1797.
27. Ibid.
28. Cooke, Alexander Hamilton, p. 148.
29. Gordon, Business of America, p. 16.
30. PAH, vol. 26, p. 520, letter from Tench Coxe, February 1790.
31. “Tench Coxe, Alexander Hamilton, and the Encouragement of American Manufactures,” The William and Mary Quarterly, July 1975. 32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Passaic County Historical Society, Gledhill Collection, SEUM, box 2, prospectus for the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures, April 29, 1791.
35. McDonald, Alexander Hamilton, p. 231. 36. Passaic County Historical Society, Gledhill Collection, SEUM, box 2, prospectus for the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures, April 29, 1791.
37. Ibid.
38. “Tench Coxe, Alexander Hamilton, and the Encouragement of American Manufactures,” The William and Mary Quarterly, July 1975. 39. PAH, vol. 8, p. 571, letter from Thomas Marshall, July 24–31, 1791.
40. Flexner, Young Hamilton, p. 437.
41. PAH, vol. 10, p. 13.
42. Ibid., p. 291, Report on Manufactures, December 5, 1791.
43. Ibid., vol. 8, p. 497, “Treasury Department Circular to the Supervisors of the Revenue,” June 22, 1791.
78. PAH, vol. 11, p. 273, letter to William Seton, April 12, 1792.
79. Ibid., p. 190, letter to William Seton, March 25, 1792.
80. Ibid., p. 156, letter from Robert Troup, March 19, 1792.
81. Gordon, Business of America, p. 169.
82. The Diary; or, Loudon’s Register, April 20, 1792. 83. PAH, vol. 11, pp. 218–19, letter to Philip Livingston, April 2, 1792.
84. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 2, p. 436. 85. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure, pp. 175–76.
86. PAH, vol. 11, p. 434, letter to Edward Carrington, May 26, 1792.
87. Adams, New Letters of Abigail Adams, p. 83. 88. PAH, vol. 10, p. 482, letter to Roger Alden et al., January 15, 1792.
89. Ibid., vol. 11, p. 171, letter to William Duer, March 23, 1792.
90. Ibid., p. 247, letter from Archibald Mercer, April 6, 1792.
91. Ibid., p. 425, letter to William Seton, May 25, 1792.
92. Ibid., vol. 14, p. 303, letter to Peter Colt, April 10, 1793.
93. Ibid., p. 549, “To the Directors of the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures,” October 12, 1792.
94. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure, p. 172.
95. PAH, vol. 12, p. 369, letter from Elisha Boudinot, September 13, 1792.
96. Ibid., vol. 14, p. 283, letter to John Brown, April 5, 1793.
97. Ibid., vol. 26, p. 764, letter from William Duer, February 16, 1799.
Eighteen: Of Avarice and Enterprise
1. The New York Review of Books, April 13, 2000.
2. PAH, vol. 19, p. 190, “The Defence No. XI,” August 28, 1795.
3. Ibid., p. 32, “The Defence of the Funding Sys- tem,” July 1795.
4. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure, p. 351.
Nineteen: City of the Future
1. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 385.
2. PAH, vol. 8, pp. 343–44, letter from Philip Schuyler, May 15, 1791.
3. Freeman, Affairs of Honor, p. 149; Cooke, Alexander Hamilton, p. 20; Latrobe, Correspondence and Miscellaneous Papers of Benjamin Henry Latrobe, p. 331.
4. PAH, vol. 8, pp. 522–23, letter to Mercy Warren, July 1, 1791.
5. Ibid., vol. 13, p. 385, letter to Susanna Livingston, December 29, 1792.
6. Ibid., vol. 8, p. 526, letter to Martha Walker, July 2, 1791.
7. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 250, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,” August 1797.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 251.
10. Ibid., p. 252.
11. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 187, letter to Jeremiah Wadsworth, Jul
y 28, 1797.
12. Ibid., pp. 189–90, Richard Folwell statement, August 12, 1797.
13. Ibid.
44. Ibid., vol. 19, p. 97, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., August 5, 1795.
45. Wilson and Stanton, Jefferson Abroad, p. 249. 46. PAH, vol. 10, p. 236, Report on Manufactures, December 5, 1791.
47. Ibid., p. 246.
48. Ibid., p. 249.
49. Ibid., p. 253.
50. Ibid., p. 255.
51. Ibid., vol. 25, p. 467, “The Examination,” no. 3. New-York Evening Post, December 24, 1801.
52. Ibid., vol. 10, p. 266, Report on Manufactures, December 5, 1791.
53. Ibid., p. 268.
54. The New York Review of Books, December 21, 2000.
55. PAH, vol. 10, p. 268, Report on Manufactures, December 5, 1791.
56. Ibid., p. 321.
57. Ibid., p. 317.
58. Ibid., p. 338.
59. Ibid., p. 302.
60. Malone, Thomas Jefferson and His Time, vol. 2, p. 430.
61. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson, p. 55. 62. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure, p. 170.
63. Ibid.
64. “Tench Coxe, Alexander Hamilton, and the Encouragement of American Manufactures,” The William and Mary Quarterly, July 1975.
65. PAH, vol. 11, p. 110, letter from James Tillary, March 6, 1792.
66. Ibid., vol. 10, p. 525, letter to William Seton, January 18, 1792.
67. Ibid., p. 528, letter from William Seton, January 22, 1792.
68. Ibid., vol. 11, p. 28, letter to William Seton, February 10, 1792.
69. Ibid.
70. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson, p. 55. 71. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 3, p. 17. 72. PAH, vol. 14, p. 100, “Report on the State of the Treasury at the Commencement of Each Quarter,” February 19, 1793.
73. “Tench Coxe, Alexander Hamilton, and the Encouragement of American Manufactures,” The William and Mary Quarterly, July 1975. 74. PAH, vol. 11, p. 156, letter from Robert Troup, March 19, 1792.
75. Ibid., p. 126, letter from William Duer, March 12, 1792.
76. Ibid., pp. 131–32, letter to William Duer, March 14, 1792.
77. Brodie, Thomas Jefferson, p. 267.
Twenty: Corrupt Squadrons 1. Hamilton, Life of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 5, p. 49.
2. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 241.
3. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 2, p. 362.
4. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 77.
5. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 4, p. 430.
6. McCullough, John Adams, p. 346.
7. PAH, vol. 13, p. 393, “The Defence No. I,” [1792–1795].
8. Kent, Memoirs and Letters of James Kent, p. 207.
9. PAH, vol. 4, p. 432, “Federalist No. 26,” December 22, 1787.
10. Ibid., p. 435, “Federalist No. 27,” December 25, 1787.
11. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 3, pp. 364–65.
12. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 24.
13. Flexner, Washington, p. 241.
14. Wilson and Stanton, Jefferson Abroad, p. 73.
15. PAH, vol. 25, p. 201, Letter from Alexander Hamilton, October 24, 1800.
16. Brookhiser, Alexander Hamilton, p. 104.
17. Smith, John Marshall, p. 38.
18. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 1, p. 212.
19. PAH, vol. 10, p. 373, “Conversation with George Hammond,” December 15–16, 1791.
20. Ibid.
21. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 2, p. 413.
22. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 254.
23. Ibid., p. 255.
24. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 2, p. 424.
25. Smith, Patriarch, p. 83.
26. Bobrick, Angel in the Whirlwind, p. 149.
27. PAH, vol. 12, p. 101.
28. Ibid., p. 192, “An American No. II,” Gazette of the United States, August 11, 1792.
29. Parton, Life and Times of Aaron Burr, p. 224.
30. McDonald, Sermon on the Premature and Lamented Death of General Alexander Hamilton, p. 31.
31. Freeman, Affairs of Honor, p. 146.
32. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 327.
33. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson, p. 97.
34. Brodie, Thomas Jefferson, p. 267.
35. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson, p. 44.
36. Brodie, Thomas Jefferson, pp. 318–19.
37. Knott, Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth, p. 253.
38. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson, p. 51.
39. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson, p. 71.
40. McDonald, Alexander Hamilton, p. 251.
41. Wills, James Madison, p. 44.
42. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 329.
43. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 277.
44. Adams, New Letters of Abigail Adams,
pp. 80–81.
45. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 333.
46. McDonald, Alexander Hamilton, p. 241.
47. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 2, p. 446.
48. Smith, Patriarch, p. 132.
49. PAH, vol. 11, p. 429, letter to Edward Carrington, May 26, 1792.
50. Ibid., p. 440.
51. Ibid., p. 432.
52. Ibid., p. 443.
53. Ibid., p. 444.
54. Ibid.
55. Maclay, Journal of William Maclay, p. 375.
56. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 3, p. 271.
57. Elkins and McKitrick, Age of Federalism, p. 497.
58. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 2, p. 460.
59. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson, p. 104.
60. Smith, Patriarch, p. 139.
61. PAH, vol. 12, p. 107, Gazette of the United States, July 25, 1792.
62. Ibid., p. 124, National Gazette, July 28, 1792.
63. Ibid., p. 131, letter from George Washington, July 29, 1792.
64. Ibid., p. 137, letter to George Washington, August 3, 1792.
65. Ibid., p. 160, “An American No. I,” Gazette of the United States, August 4, 1792.
66. Ibid., p. 191, “An American No. II,” Gazette of the United States, August 11, 1792.
67. Ibid., p. 228, letter to George Washington, August 18, 1792.
68. Ibid., p. 247.
69. Ibid., p. 249.
70. Ibid., p. 248.
71. Ibid., pp. 276–77, letter from George Washington, August 26, 1792.
72. Gazette of the United States, September 8, 1792.
73. PAH, vol. 12, p. 347, letter to George Washington, September 9, 1792.
74. Ibid., p. 348.
75. Ibid., p. 349.
76. Ibid., p. 348.
77. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 2, pp. 466–67.
78. National Gazette, September 12, 1792.
79. Ibid., p. 365.
80. Ibid., p. 505, “Catullus No. III,” Gazette of the United States, September 29, 1792.
81. Ibid., p. 504.
82. Ketcham, James Madison, p. 331.
83. Freeman, Affairs of Honor, p. 78.
84. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson,
p. 90.
85. Ibid.
86. Ibid., p. 91.
87. Freeman, Affairs of Honor, p. 76.
Twenty-one: Exposure
1. PAH, vol. 21, p. 272, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,” Jacob Clingman affidavit, December 13, 1792. 2. PAH, vol. 10, p. 557, letter from Maria Reynolds,
January 23–March 18, 1792.
3. Ibid., vol. 11, p. 177, letter from Maria Reynolds,
March 24, 1792.
4. Ibid., p. 176, letter from James Reynolds,
March 24, 1792.
5. Ibid., p. 222, letter from James Reynolds, April 3,
1792.
6. Ibid., p. 254, letter to James Reynolds, April 7,
1792.
7. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 244, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,”
>
August 1797.
8. Ibid., p. 246.
9. Ibid., vol. 11, p. 297, letter from James Reynolds,
April 17, 1792.
10. Ibid., p. 330, letter from James Reynolds, April
23, 1792.
11. Ibid., p. 354, letter from James Reynolds, May 2,
1792.
12. Ibid., p. 354, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,” August
1797.
13. Ibid., p. 481, letter from Maria Reynolds, June 2,
1792.
14. Ibid., p. 482, letter to James Reynolds, June 3–22,
1792.
15. Ibid., p. 491, letter to David Ross, September 26,
1792.
16. Ibid., vol. 26, p. 682, letter to Tobias Lear,
September 6, 1792.
17. Ibid., vol. 12, p. 543, letter to Charles Cotesworth
Pinckney, October 10, 1792.
18. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: The National
Adventure, p. 403.
19. PAH, vol. 21, p. 264, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,”
August 1797.
20. Ibid., p. 130.
21. Ibid., p. 268.
22. Ibid., p. 269.
23. Jefferson, Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 18,
p. 635.
24. Callender, History of the United States for 1796,
p. 216.
25. Ibid.
26. PAH, vol. 21, p. 257, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,”
August 1797.
27. Ibid., p. 258.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid., p. 135.
30. Callender, History of the United States for 1796,
p. 218.
31. PAH, vol. 21, p. 134.
32. Gazette of the United States, January 5, 1793. 33. PAH, vol. 14, p. 267, “For Gazette of the United
States,” March–April 1793.
9. PAH, vol. 12, p. 387, letter from Rufus King,
September 17, 1792.
10. Ellis, Founding Brothers, p. 175.
11. Tripp, “Robert Troup,” p. 105.
12. PAH, vol. 12, p. 408, letter to an unnamed
correspondent, September 21, 1792.
13. Ibid., p. 480, letter to an unnamed correspondent, September 26, 1792.
14. Mitchell, Alexander Hamilton: The National
Adventure, p. 209.
15. Ibid.
16. Ammon, James Monroe, p. 44.
17. PAH, vol. 13, p. 227, letter from David Ross,
November 23, 1792.
18. Ibid., vol. 12, p. 573, letter from John F. Mercer,
October 16[–28], 1792.
19. Ibid., vol. 13, p. 513, letter from John F. Mercer,
January 31, 1793.
20. Jefferson, Anas of Thomas Jefferson, p. 186. 21. Gazette of the United States, December 8, 1792. 22. Smith, Patriarch, p. 152.
23. McCullough, John Adams, p. 441.