by Ron Chernow
New-York Historical Society, New York, N.Y. Tappan, Lewis. The Life of Arthur Tappan. Westport,
Conn.: Negro Universities Press, 1970 [1871]. Thomas, Milton Halsey, ed. The Black Book or Book
of Misdemeanors in King’s College, New-York,
Pasquin, Anthony [John Williams]. The Hamiltoniad. New York: printed for the Hamilton Club, 1865 [1804].
Paterson, James. History of the County of Ayr: With a Genealogical Account of the Families of Ayrshire. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: T. G. Stevenson, 1852.
Pettit, Marilyn Hilley. “Women, Sunday Schools, and Politics: Early National New York City, 1797– 1827.” Ph.D. diss. New York University, 1991.
Phelan, Helene. The Man Who Owned the Pistols: John Barker Church and His Family. Interlaken, N.Y.: Heart of the Lake Publishing, 1981.
Pickering, Timothy. Review of the Correspondence Between the Hon. John Adams and the Late Wm. Cunningham, Esq. Salem, Mass.: Cushing and Appleton, 1824.
Pidgin, Charles Felton. Theodosia: The First Gentlewoman of Her Time. Boston: C. M. Clark, 1907.
Pilkington, Walter. The Journals of Samuel Kirkland. Clinton, N.Y.: Hamilton College, 1980.
Powell,J.H. Bring Out Your Dead: The Great Plague of Yellow Fever in Philadelphia in 1793. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949.
Ragatz, Lowell Joseph. The Fall of the Planter Class in the British Caribbean, 1763–1833. New York: Century, 1928.
Rakove, Jack N. James Madison and the Creation of the American Republic. New York: Longman, 2002 [1947].
Ramsing, Holger Utke. Alexander Hamilton’s Birth and Parentage. Trans. Solvejg Vahl. Copenhagen: n.p., 1939. Manuscript in the New York Public Library, New York, N.Y.
Randolph, Edmund. A Vindication of Mr. Randolph’s Resignation. Philadelphia: Samuel H. Smith, 1795.
Renwick, James. Lives of John Jay and Alexander Hamilton. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1840.
A Reply to Alexander Hamilton’s Letter, Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq., President of the United States. By a Federal Republican. New York: L. Nichols, 1800.
Riedesel, Madame de. Letters and Memoirs Relating to the War of American Independence, and the Capture of the German Troops at Saratoga. Trans. New York: G. and C. Carvill, 1827.
Robertson, William Spence. The Life of Miranda. Vol. 1. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.
Rogow, Arnold A. A Fatal Friendship: Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. New York: Hill and Wang, 1998.
Rosenfeld, Richard N. American Aurora: A
Democratic-Republican Returns. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.
Sabine, Lorenzo. Notes on Duels and Duelling. Boston: Crosby, Nichols, 1855.
St. Méry, Moreau de. Moreau de St. Méry’s American Journey. Trans. and ed. Kenneth Roberts and
1771–1775. New York: Columbia University Press, 1931.
Thorne, R. G. The House of Commons, 1790–1820. Vol. 3. London: Secker and Warburg, 1986.
Tripp, Wendell Edward, Jr. “Robert Troup: A Quest for Security in a Turbulent New Nation, 1775–1832.” Ph.D. diss. Columbia University, 1973.
Tuchman, Barbara W. The First Salute. New York: Ballantine Books, 1989 [1988].
Tyler, Moses Coit. The Literary History of the American Revolution, 1763–1783. Vol. 1, 1763–1776. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1957.
Tyson, George F., and Arnold R. Highfield, eds. The Kamina Folk: Slavery and Slave Life in the Danish West Indies. U.S. Virgin Islands: Virgin Islands Humanities Council, 1994.
Valentine, Alan. Lord Stirling. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.
Van Amringe, John H., and Munroe Smith. A History of Columbia University 1754–1904. New York: Columbia University Press, 1904.
Van Doren, Carl. Benjamin Franklin. New York: Viking Press, 1938.
———. Secret History of the American Revolution. New York: Viking Press, 1968.
Van Vechten, Jacob, ed. Memoirs of John Mason, D.D., S.T.P., with Portions of His Correspondence. New York: Robert Carter and Brothers, 1856.
Vidal, Gore. Burr. New York: Vintage Books, 2000 [1971].
Wallace, David Duncan. The Life of Henry Laurens. New York: Russell and Russell, 1967 [1915].
Warville, J. P. Brissot de. New Travels in the United States of America, 1788. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, Harvard University Press, 1964.
Waters, Ivor. The Unfortunate Valentine Morris. Chepstow, Monmouthshire (Great Britain): Chepstow Society, 1964.
Westergaard, Waldemar. The Danish West Indies under Company Rule (1671–1754). New York: Macmillan, 1917.
William-Myers, A. J. Long Hammering: Essays on the Forging of an African American Presence in the Hudson River Valley to the Early Twentieth Century. Trenton: Africa World Press, 1994.
Williams, Eric. From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean. New York: Vintage Books, 1984 [1970].
Wills, Garry. Explaining America: The Federalist. New York: Penguin, 1982 [1981].
———. James Madison. New York: Times Books, 2002.
Wilson, Douglas L., and Lucia Stanton. Jefferson Abroad. New York: Modern Library, 1999.
Wood, Gordon S. The American Revolution. New York: Modern Library, 2002.
Woodcock, Henry Iles. A History of Tobago. Hertford, England: Stephen Austin and Sons, 1971 [1871].
Wright, Robert E. Hamilton Unbound: Finance and the Creation of the American Republic. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2002.
Selected Articles
Adair, Douglas, and Marvin Harvey. “Was Alexander Hamilton a Christian Statesman?” The William
and Mary Quarterly, 3d series, 12, 1955. Atherton, Gertrude. “The Hunt for Hamilton’s
Mother.” The North American Review 175, no. 2,
August 1902.
Bland, Harry MacNeill, and Virginia W. Northcott.
“Life Portraits of Alexander Hamilton.” The
William and Mary Quarterly 12, no. 2, April 1955. Bowman, Albert H. “Jefferson, Hamilton, and
American Foreign Policy.” Political Science Quarterly 71, no. 1, March 1956.
Brooks, Robin. “Alexander Hamilton, Melancton
Smith, and the Ratification of the Constitution in
New York.” The William and Mary Quarterly 24,
no. 3, July 1967.
Bruchey, Stuart. “Alexander Hamilton and the State
Banks.” The William and Mary Quarterly 27, no. 3,
July 1970.
Butler, George Hamilton. “The Student Days of
Alexander Hamilton.” The Columbia Monthly 1,
no. 1, February 1904.
Butler, Nicholas Murray. “Address at the Unveiling of
the Statue of Alexander Hamilton in the City of
Paterson, May 30, 1907.” Copy in Columbia
University Library.
———. “This World Needs Another Alexander
Hamilton.” Columbia University Quarterly 26,
no. 3, September 1934.
Carnahan, James. “The Pennsylvania Insurrection of
1794, Commonly Called the Whiskey Insurrection.” Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical
Society 6, no. IV, 1853.
Charles, Joseph. “Hamilton and Washington: The
Origins of the American Party System.” The
William and Mary Quarterly 12, no. 2, April
1955.
“The Church Pistols: Historical Relics of the BurrHamilton Duel.” The Chase Manhattan Bank,
New York, n.d. Copy in New-York Historical
Society, New York, N.Y.
Cooke, Jacob E. “Tench Coxe, Alexander Hamilton,
and the Encouragement of American Manufactures.” The William and Mary Quarterly 32, no. 3,
July 1975.
Cunningham, Noble. “John Beckley: An Early
American Party Manager.” The William and Mary
Quarterly 13, no. 1, January 1956.
Dawson, Henry B. “The Duels Between Price and Philip Hamilton, and George I. Eacker.” T
he Historical Magazine, 2d series, 2, October 1867.
Earl, John L., III. “Talleyrand in Philadelphia, 1794–1796.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 91, no. 3, July 1967.
Elkins, Stanley, and Eric McKitrick. “The Founding Fathers: Young Men of the Revolution.” Political Science Quarterly 76, no. 2, June 1961.
Estabrook, Henry D. “The Lawyer Hamilton.” Speech delivered to the American Bar Association, Denver, August 22, 1901.
Freeman, Joanne B. “Dueling as Politics: Reinterpreting the Burr-Hamilton Duel.” The William and Mary Quarterly 53, no. 2, April 1996.
Gerlach, Don R. “After Saratoga: The General, His Lady and ‘Gentleman Johnny’ Burgoyne.” New York History 52, 1971.
Govan, Thomas P. “The Rich, the Well-born, and Alexander Hamilton.” The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 36, no. 4, March 1950.
Harper, John L. “Mentor for a Hegemon: The Rising Fortune of Alexander Hamilton.” The National Interest, fall 2000.
Hawley, George M. B. “The Hamilton-Burr Duel Pistols.” Pamphlet in J. P. Morgan Chase Archives, record group 11, “Art & Artifacts,” New York, N.Y.
Jennings, Robert M., Donald F. Swanson, and Andrew P. Trout. “Alexander Hamilton’s Tontine Proposal.” The William and Mary Quarterly 45, no. 1, January 1988.
Jones, A. Leroy. “Myles Cooper, LL.D.” Columbia University Quarterly, September 1899.
Jones, Robert F. “William Duer and the Business of Government in the Era of the American Revolution.” The William and Mary Quarterly 32, no. 3, July 1975.
Kenyon, Cecilia M. “Men of Little Faith: The AntiFederalists on the Nature of Representative Government.” The William and Mary Quarterly 12, no. 1, January 1955.
“Kerelaw House.” Kilmarnock Standard, April 5, 1924. Article signed H.W.C.
Kohn, Richard H. “The Washington Administration’s Decision to Crush the Whiskey Rebellion.” The Journal of American History 59, no. 3, December 1972.
Larson, Harold. “Alexander Hamilton: The Fact and Fiction of His Early Years.” The William and Mary Quarterly 9, no. 2, April 1952.
———. “The Birth and Parentage of Alexander Hamilton.” The American Genealogist 21, no. 3, January 1945.
“The Last Hours of Alexander Hamilton.” Columbia University Quarterly 29, no. 1, March 1937.
“Letters of Toussaint L’Ouverture and of Edward
Stevens, 1798-1800.” The American Historical Review 16, no. 1, October 1910. Livingston, John C. “Alexander Hamilton and the American Tradition.” Midwest Journal of Political Science 1, no. 3/4, November 1957.
Lund, Nelson. “Taking the Second Amendment Seriously.” The Weekly Standard, July 24, 2000.
McCarthy, Callahan J. “Lieut. Col. Francis Barber of Elizabethtown.” The New Jersey Historical Proceedings 50, no. 3, July 1932.
Malone, Dumas. “The Threatened Prosecution of Alexander Hamilton under the Sedition Act.” The American Historical Review 29, no.1,October 1923.
Marsh, Philip. “Hamilton and Monroe.” The Mississippi Historical Review 34, no. 3, December 1947.
———. “Hamilton’s Neglected Essays, 1791–1793.” New York Historical Society Quarterly 32, no. 4, October 1948.
———. “John Beckley: Mystery Man of the Early Jeffersonians.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 72, no. 1, January 1948.
Meyer, Freeman W. “A Note on the Origins of the ‘Hamiltonian System.’ ” The William and Mary Quarterly 21, no. 4, October 1964.
Mitchell, Broadus. “Hamilton’s Quarrel with Washington, 1781.” The William and Mary Quarterly 12, no. 2, April 1955.
———. “The Man Who Discovered Hamilton.” Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society 69, no. 2, April 1951.
Morse, Anson D. “Alexander Hamilton.” Political Science Quarterly 5, no. 1, March 1890.
Nelson, John R., Jr. “Alexander Hamilton and American Manufacturing: A Reexamination.” The Journal of American History 65, no. 4, March 1979.
Panagopoulos, E. P. “Hamilton’s Notes in His Pay Book of the New York State Artillery Company.” The American Historical Review 62, no.2,January 1957.
“Reminiscences of Mrs. Alexander Hamilton.” Atlantic Monthly, vol. 78, no. 466, August 1896.
Reubens, Beatrice G. “Burr, Hamilton, and the Manhattan Company. Part 1: Gaining the Charter.” Political Science Quarterly 72, no. 4, December 1957.
———. “Burr, Hamilton, and the Manhattan Company. Part 2: Launching a Bank.” Political Science Quarterly 73, no. 1, March 1958.
“R. F. Cutting, ’71, Relates Story about Alexander Hamilton’s Death.” Columbia Alumni News 21, no. 14, January 17, 1930.
Roberts, Russell. “Hamilton’s Great Experiment: The SUM.” Financial History, no. 65, 1999.
Rorabaugh, W. J. “The Political Duel in the Early
Wood, Gordon S. “An Affair of Honor.” The New York Review of Books, April 13, 2000.
———. “The American Love Boat.” The New York Review of Books, October 7, 1999.
———. “Debt and Democracy.” The New York Review of Books, June 12, 2003.
Republic: Burr v. Hamilton.” Journal of the Early Republic 15, no. 1, spring 1995. Schachner, Nathan. “Alexander Hamilton Viewed by His Friends: The Narratives of Robert Troup and Hercules Mulligan.” The William and Mary Quarterly 4, no. 2, April 1947.
Sheridan, Eugene R. “Thomas Jefferson and the Giles Resolutions.” The William and Mary Quarterly 49, no. 4, October 1992.
Smith, James Morton. “Alexander Hamilton, the Alien Law, and Seditious Libel.” The Review of Politics 16, no. 3, July 1954.
Swan, Robert J. “Prelude and Aftermath of the Doctors’ Riot of 1788: A Religious Interpretation of White and Black Reaction to Grave Robbing.” New York History 81, no. 4, October 2000.
Swanson, Donald F., and Andrew P. Trout. “Alexander Hamilton’s Hidden Sinking Fund.” The William and Mary Quarterly 49, no.1,January 1992.
Torrey, Raymond H. “Hamilton Grange.” Scenic and Historic America 3, no. 3, April 1934.
Tugwell, Rexford, and Joseph Dorfman. “Alexander Hamilton: Nation-Maker. Part 1.” Columbia University Quarterly 29, no. 4, December 1937.
———. “Alexander Hamilton: Nation-Maker. Part 2.” Columbia University Quarterly 30, no. 1, March 1938.
Wadsworth, Eliot. “Alexander Hamilton, First Secretary of the Treasury.” Columbia Alumni News 16, no. 12, December 19, 1924.
Walker, G.P.J. “Murder at Frigate Bay.” London Magazine, August 1753.
Webb, James. “The Fateful Encounter.” American Heritage 26, no. 5, August 1975.
Westergaard, Waldemar. “Account of the Negro Rebellion on St. Croix, Danish West Indies, 1859.” Journal of Negro History 11, no. 1, January 1926.
———. “A St. Croix Map of 1766: With a Note on Its Significance in West Indian Plantation Economy.” Journal of Negro History 23, April 1938.
Wetterau, James O. “New Light on the First Bank of the United States.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 61, no. 3, July 1937.
Whitson, Agnes M. “The Outlook of the Continental American Colonies on the British West Indies, 1760–1775.” Political Science Quarterly 43, no. 1, March 1930.
Williams, D. “The Westchester Farmer.” Magazine of American History 8, no. 2, February 1882.
Williams, William Appleman. “The Age of Mercantilism: An Interpretation of the American Political Economy, 1763 to 1828.” The William and Mary Quarterly 15, no. 4, October 1958.
Wilson, R. Jackson. “The Founding Father.” The New Republic 188, no. 23, issue 3, June 13, 1983.
———. “Early American Get-Up-and-Go.” The New York Review of Books, June 29, 2000.
———. “Give Me Diversity or Give Me Death.” The
New Republic, June 12, 2000.
———. “The Revenge of Aaron Burr.” The New York
Review of Books, February 2, 1984.
Illustration Permissions
&n
bsp; in order of appearance
Frontispiece Alexander Hamilton (1755–1804), by John Trumbull (1756–1843)
Oil on canvas, 1832
Yale University Art Gallery, Trumbull Collection
(1832.11)
Illustration Insert Alexander Hamilton (1755–1804), by John Trumbull (1756–1843)
Oil on canvas, 1792
Collection of Credit Suisse First Boston
Myles Cooper, D.D. (1737–1785), by John Singleton Copley (1738–1815)
Oil on canvas, ca. 1768
Columbia University, gift of The New-York
Historical Society, 1820 (COO.735)
Courtesy of the Frick Art Reference Library View of Columbia College in the City of New York, by Cornelius Tiebout (ca. 1773–1832) after J. Anderson
Copper engraving from the New-York Magazine, May 1790
Collection of The New-York Historical Society (PR 020 Geographic File, negative #20415) George Washington at Princeton, by Charles Willson Peale (1741–1827)
Oil on canvas, 1779
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia; gift of Maria McKean Allen and Phebe Warren Downes through the bequest of their mother, Elizabeth Wharton McKean
John Laurens (1754–1782), by Charles Willson Peale (1741–1827)
Watercolor on ivory, set in gold with enamel and gemstones, ca. 1784
Independence National Historical Park
Marquis de Lafayette (1757–1834), by Joseph Boze (1745–1826)
Oil on canvas, 1790
Massachusetts Historical Society
Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, Mrs. Alexander Hamilton (1757–1854), by Ralph Earl (1751– 1801)
Oil on canvas, 1787
Museum of the City of New York, gift of Mrs. Alexander Hamilton and General Pierpont Morgan Hamilton (1971.31.2)
Major General Philip John Schuyler (1733–1804), by John Trumbull (1756–1843)
Oil on wood panel, 1792
Collection of The New-York Historical Society, bequest of Philip Schuyler (1915.13, negative #29012)
Mrs. John Barker Church (Angelica Schuyler Church), with Child and Servant, by John Trumbull (1756–1843)
Oil on canvas, ca. 1785
Belvidere Trust Collection through Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bromeley
Philip Schuyler Mansion, Albany, New York, by Philip Hooker (1766–1836)