by Yitzhak Arad
2. YVA, 0-25/140-8; Ireneusz Caban, Zygmunt Marikowski, Zwiazek Walki Zbrojnej, I, Armia Krajowa w Okregu Lubelskim, part two, Documents, pp. 34–35.
3. YVA, M-2/196, Schwarzbart Collection; Armia Krajowa w Dokumentach 1939–1945, Book Two, June 1941-April 1943; London, 1973, p. 288.
4. YVA, M-2/196.
5. The Black Book of Polish Jewry, Jacob Apenszlak, ed., U.S.A., 1943, p. 131.
6. YVA, M-2/196.
7. Zabecki, pp. 36, 38, 45.
8. Tadeusz Bor-Komorowski, The Secret Army, London, 1950, p. 99.
9. Papers of the Delegatura, pp. 136–137.
10. Ibid., pp. 137–138.
11. Ibid., pp. 138–139.
12. Ibid., p. 139.
13. Ibid., pp. 139–145.
14. Ibid., pp. 146–154.
15. Ibid., p. 154.
16. Ibid., pp. 154–155.
17. Ibid., p. 155.
18. Ibid., pp. 155–156.
19. Faschismus-Getto-Massenmord, p. 557.
20. Papers of the Delegatura, p. 156.
21. Ibid., p. 156.
22. YVA, M-2/1215, London, 1943.
23. YVA, 025/1402-1.
24. YVA, M-2/216.
25. Stefan Korbonski, W Imieniu Rzeczypospolitej, Paris, 1954, pp. 253–254.
Chapter Forty-Four
1. Sereni, p. 247.
2. Faschismus-Getto-Massenmord, p. 565.
Chapter Forty-Five
1. For the number of Jews in these camps, see Obozy Hitlerowskie, pp. 308, 397, 523.
2. Frank’s Diaries, Book 2, p. 242.
3. Stanislaw Piotrkowski, Misja Odyla Globocnika (hereafter, Piotrkowski), Warszawa, 1949, quotations from Sporrenberg’s trial.
4. Zeszyty Majdanka, X, p. 102.
5. Belzec-Oberhauser, Band 8, pp. 1538–1539. The “Settlement” was a part of the Poniatowa labor camp, where some Jewish prisoners were living.
6. Zeszyty Majdanka, X, pp. 100, 103.
7. Ibid., p. 103.
8. YVA, TR-10/1145-Z, the trial of Birmes-Gollak, Band 22, pp. 3732–3735.
9. Streibel pp. 16–21.
10. Marszalek, p. 128.
11. Ibid., pp. 129–130; Przezyli Majdanek (hereafter, Survived Majdanek), testimonies of survivors of Majdanek published by the Museum of Majdanek, Lublin, 1980, pp. 15–16.
12. Marszalek, p. 130; Survived Majdanek, pp. 276–277, testimony of Ida Mazower.
13. Piotrkowski, p. 58; Marszalek, p. 131. These Jews remained in the camps of Zamosc, Pulawy, and Biala-Podlaska.
Chapter Forty-Six
1. Belzec-Oberhauser, Band 6, p. 1140.
2. Ibid., Band 7, pp. 1402–1403; Sobibor-Bolender, Band 3, p. 483.
3. Belzec-Oberhauser, Band 6, pp. 1141, 1152.
4. Nuremberg Documents, PS-4024, p. 2.
5. Sobibor-Bolender, Band 3, p. 713; YVA, TR-10/730, p. 302; Treblinka-Franz, Band 10, p. 2009.
6. YVA, TR-10/1107, Band 3, Ganzenmüller’s trial, the transport order No. 290 of August 17,1943, issued by the Directorate of the German Railways in Königsberg; Zabecki, p. 96.
7. The transport with 1,200 children was sent to Theresienstadt. This transport was connected with the possible exchange for Germans in Allied custody, but nothing came of the plan. Some weeks later, the children were sent to the gas chambers in Auschwitz.
8. Piotrkowski, p. 15.
9. Sereni, p. 249.
10. Rückerl, p. 129.
11. Ibid., pp. 240–242.
12. Zabecki, p. 99.
13. YVA, TR-10/730, p. 352.
14. Ibid., p. 353; Sobibor-Bolender, Band 3, p. 441; YVA, TR-10/567, pp. 141.
15. Nuremberg Documents, PS-4024, pp. 4–5.
16. Ibid., p. 29.
17. Ibid., p. 30.
18. Ibid., pp. 1, 9.
Name Index
Abbreviations used in the Index of Names
B = Belzec
S = Sobibor
G = German
T = Treblinka
J = Jewish
U = Ukrainian
P = Polish
FNU = Family Name Unknown
Abraham (FNU) (JS), 191
Adas (P), 296
Alster, Shlomo (JS), 252, 340, 345
Astman, Mina (JB), 242, 264–65
Auerbach, Rachel (J), 379
Auerswald, Dr. Heinz (G), 42
Bache (G), 136
Bachner (JT), 244, 264–65
Bahir, Moshe (JS), 105, 188, 191, 193
Bardach, Antonius (JS), 148
Bauer, Erich (G), 33, 76–77, 80, 116–17, 124, 192–93, 198, 330
Beck, Dr. (JT), 219
Becker, H. (J), 57
Beekman, Kurt (G), 325–27, 332
Benda, Adalbert (G), 334–35
Berger, Oskar (JT), 84, 259
Berkowicz, Yechiel (JT), 260
“Berliner” (JS), 303–304
Berliner, Meir (JT), 99
Berta (FNU) (JS), 195
Bialas, Max (G), 98–99, 106, 214, 254
Bialowicz, Philip (JS), 231
Bialowicz, Simha (JS), 301
Bierkamp (G), 365
Birman, Tzipora (J), 247
Biskubicz, Jakub (JS), 330, 335
Blankenburg, Werner (G), 161
Blatt, Tovia (JS), 212, 229, 266, 304, 325, 340, 344
Blau (JT), 107, 116
“Blaurock, Dr. Karl” (pseudonym) (G), 31
Blobel, Paul (G), 170–71, 174
Bloch, Zialo (JT), 271–72, 274, 278, 289, 292–93, 298, 361–62
Bodessa (U), 375
Bohem (JT), 202
Bojarski (P), 344
Bolender, Kurt (G), 31, 33, 76, 117, 193, 304, 400
Bomba, Abraham (JT), 260
Boorstein, Moshe (JT), 259
Bor-Komorowski, General (P), 353
Boris (FNU) (JS), 330, 346
Bouhler, Philipp (G), 9, 12
Brack, Viktor (G), 9, 11, 17, 73
Brandt, Dr. Karl (G), 9
Bredow, Paul (G), 192, 197
Brunner (G), 139
Buchner (G), 145
Bühler, Dr. Josef (G), 12–13, 399
Carol (G), 212
Chezkel (Yechezkel) (FNU) (JT), 204, 221, 283
Chorazycki, Dr. Julian (JT), 219, 271–75, 360
Cooperman, Yechezkel (JT), 260
Cukierman, Hersz (JS), 300–301
Czepik (JS), 313, 316, 318, 324
Czerniakow, Adam (J), 61, 151
Damiel, Maria (P), 153, 173
Danker (G), 145
David (FNU) (JS), 330–31
Demaniuk, Ivan (U), 197, 235
Domb, Ya’akov (JT), 289
Dorfman, Ruth (JT), 212
Drescher (JS), 326
Dubois, Werner (G), 29, 267, 330–32, 334, 370
Dunitz, Josef (JS), 147–48
Eberl, Dr. Irmfried (G), 19, 42, 87–88, 161, 182, 197
Eggert, Major (G), 335
Eichmann, Adolf (G), 8, 10, 26, 52, 138
Eisner, Jacob (JT), 210
Ellbogen (JB), 207
Emil (FNU) (U), 76
Emmerich, Rudolf (G), 81, 162
Engel (JS), 328
Engelhand (G), 22
Ephroimson, Lila (JT), 116
Ettinger, Moshe (JT), 206
Feder, Iesaja (J), 251
Fedorenko, Feodor (U), 21
Feiks (G), 29, 72
Feldhendler, Leon (JS), 129, 137, 149, 172, 226, 299–303, 305, 308–13, 317–18, 322–23, 325–27, 329, 340, 362
Fellenbaum-Weiss, Hella (J), 253
Fischman, Lieutenant (G), 139
Floss, Herbert (G), 77, 174
Frank, August (G), 154–55, 159
Frank, Hans (G), 12, 14, 46, 50, 130, 365, 372, 399
Franz, Kurt (“The Doll”) (G), 70, 90–93, 98, 167–68, 184–85, 189–91, 195, 201–202, 232–34, 255, 262, 273, 276, 287, 295, 373, 400
Frauendorfer, Max (G), 46
Freiberg, Dov (JS), 36,
75, 79, 128, 134, 149, 153, 199–200, 207, 224, 228, 302, 329, 347–48
Freidman, Adolf (JT), 271–72, 278, 288–89, 293
Frenzel, Karl (G), 33, 80, 128, 165, 188–89, 192, 201, 215, 222, 266, 268, 303–304, 307, 313, 315, 328, 331–35, 337, 400
Fuchs (JT), 234
Fuchs, Erich (G), 24, 31, 42–43
Galewski (Marceli?) (JT), 94, 98, 107, 158, 219, 221, 261, 275, 277, 280, 282, 286–87, 290, 297, 362
Ganzenmüller, Dr. Theodor (G), 51, 66, 133
Gaulstich, Friedrich (G), 328
Gelberd, Aron (JT), 127, 210, 260
Gerstein, Kurt (G), 100–104, 171
Gerteis, Dr. Adolf (G), 49
Gienanth, General Kurt von (G), 47–48
Girzik (G), 139
Gisela (FNU) (JS), 116
Glazer, Richard (JT), 142, 345
Gley, Heinrich (G), 127, 132, 187, 366
Globocnik, Odilo (G), 14–18, 26, 30–31, 46–47, 51, 56, 68, 72–73, 88–89, 92, 94, 101–104, 134, 159, 161, 167–69, 171, 185, 337, 362, 371–73, 375–77, 399
Goebbels, Josef (G), 68, 139
Goettinger (G), 322, 326, 328
Gokkes, Katty (JS), 347
Gold, Artur (JT), 202, 231–34
Goldberg, Shimon (JT), 152–53
Goldfarb, Abraham (JT), 64, 84, 86, 176, 345
Goldfarb, Mordechai (JS), 217, 330, 346–47
Goldschmidt (JB), 207
Gollak, Ernst (G), 159
Gomerski, Hubert (G), 117, 124, 136, 166, 197, 315
Göring, Hermann (G), 12, 14
Gotringer (G), 77
Grawitz, Dr. Ernst (G), 104
Greenberg, Tanhum (JT), 106, 166
Greischutz (G), 326–28
Grinbaum, Esther (JS), 321
Grinberg, Meir (JT), 216
Grisha (FNU) (JS), 308
Groth, Paul (G), 117, 195, 200
Grünwald, Hans (G), 365
Grynszpan, Yechiel (J), 347
Gunther, Professor Hans (G), 150
Günther, Rolf (G), 52, 100
Hackenholt, Lorenz (G), 28, 70–71, 102, 119, 123
Haenicke, General (G), 336
Heess (G), 10–11
Helber, Melech (J), 250
Heller (JT), 236
Hengs (G), 40
Henrick (FNU) (JS), 332
Herff, Maximilian von (G), 167
Hering, Gottlieb (G), 71, 89, 156, 167, 187–88, 366, 371–72, 400
Heydrich, Reinhard (G), 2–3, 7, 11, 13, 15, 26, 140, 170
Himmler, Heinrich (G), 8, 14–17, 46–52, 56, 101–103, 130, 133–35, 151, 160, 165–70, 173–74, 270, 365–66, 370–72, 375–76
Hingst, August (G), 87
Hirszman, Chaim (JB), 265, 363
Hirtreiter, Josef (G), 197, 262
Hitler, Adolf, 2, 8–9, 12, 26, 48–51, 101–102, 130, 136, 351
Hochgemein, David (J), 57
Höfle, Hermann (G), 18–19, 44–45, 54, 61, 337, 399
Höss, Rudolf (G), 8–9, 104
Irka, Dr. (JT), 219
Irman (G), 264
Ishakh, Elena Leon (JT), 143–44
Ittner, Alfred (G), 33, 77, 80, 162–63
Itzkowitch, Michael (JS), 339
Jacobs, Joseph (JS), 303, 310, 360
Jakub (FNU) (JS), 299, 310, 326
Jakubowitz (JB), 207
Jazik (JT), 232
Jierman, Fritz (G), 29
Josef (FNU) (JS), 299, 326
Jozek (FNU) (JS), 229
Juhrs, Robert (G), 71–72, 126–27
Jurek (FNU) (JT), 213
Kahana, Rabbi David (J), 241
Kaiser, Alex (U), 333, 375
Karl (G), 145
Katzman, Fritz (G), 130, 160
Kirsz, Stefan (P), 69
Kisiliev, Victor (U), 266
Klat (U), 327
Klem (G), 52
Kliehr, J. (G), 196
Klinzman, Wili (G), 81, 162
Koch, Erich (G), 131, 134
Kopf, Yosef (JS), 267
Korbonski, Stefan (P), 359
Korherr, Richard (G), 130
Korland, Ze’ev (JT), 158, 237, 271, 277, 284, 287, 290, 362
Kostman (JS), 344
Koszewadski (U), 300–301
Kozak, Stanislaw (P), 25
Krolikowski, Jerzy (P), 64, 163, 249
Krüger, Friedrich Wilhelm (G), 15, 47–48, 50–51, 130, 133, 160, 366, 399
Kszepicki, Abraham (JT), 63, 84, 86, 94, 97–98, 162, 211, 216, 259
Kuba (JT), 204, 221, 236, 283, 290–91
Kudyba, Mieczyslaw (P), 26
Kuptshin, Sasha (JS), 310
Küttner, Kurt (G), 142, 191, 201–202, 205, 276, 289–90, 292, 294
Lachman, Erich (G), 33
Lambert, Erwin Herman (G), 40, 123, 196
Laski, Simcha (JT), 259
Leibel (FNU) (JT), 206
Leibrand, Dr. (G), 50
Leitman, Shlomo (JS), 306–13, 319, 321–24, 328–29, 332, 338
Lena (FNU) (JS), 195
Lenge, Zalman (JT), 217
Lerner, Yehuda (JS), 323–24, 327, 346
Lerer (JS), 345
Levkovski, Dr. Irena (JT), 273
Lewkowicz, Sonia (JT), 116, 286
Lichtman, Ada (JS), 63, 76–77, 114, 129, 166, 192, 195–96, 217, 222, 229, 267–68, 303, 321, 331–32, 347
Lichtman, Yitzchak (JS), 220, 229, 242, 347
Lieberman, Pesia (JS), 266
Lindner, Dr. Herbert (G), 101
Lindwaser, Abraham (JT), 158, 223
Litwinov, Jefim (JS), 324
Lohse, Heinrich (G), 11, 135
Lubartowska, Helka (JS), 321
Lubrenitski, Rudek (JT), 287–88, 291
Luczynski, Edward (P), 371
Ludwig, Karl (G), 117, 196
Luka (JS), 211, 229, 310, 326, 338
Manchuk, Corporal (U), 18
Marcus (JT), 274, 276
Masarek, Rudolf (JT), 277
Massute, Erwin (G), 49
Matthes, Heinrich (G), 121, 158, 174, 193–94, 293
Mayerhofer (G), 139
Mazurkiewitch, Semion (JS), 339
Mechele (JT), 264
Meisnerowicz (P), 266
Mendel (FNU) (J), 346
Mendel, Chesia (JT), 116, 275
Michel, Hermann (G), 33, 76, 80, 184
Miete, August (G), 122, 142, 146, 194–95, 275
Miziewicz, Tadeusz (P), 188
Moishele (FNU) (JT), 296
Moniek (FNU) (JS), 228, 310, 313
Moniek (FNU) (JT), 277
Mordechai (FNU) (JT), 271
Moser, Lieutenant-General Hilmar (G), 336
Müller, Heinrich (G), 170, 288
Münzberger, Gustav (G), 120, 158
Nebe, Artur (G), 10–11
Niemann, Josef (G), 28, 168, 197, 322, 326–28
Nikolai (FNU) (U), 121, 197, 235
Novodvorski, David (JT), 84, 261
Oberhauser, Josef (G), 17, 24, 28, 72, 89, 92, 167, 400
Pankiewicz, Tadeusz (P), 242, 244
Pawroznik (JS), 345
Pechersky, First Lieutenant Alexander (Sasha) (JS), 136–37, 229, 256, 306–17, 319–23, 326–29, 331–33, 338, 340–41, 362
Perla (“Paulinka”) (FNU) (JT), 115–16
Petranker, Giza (J), 252
Petsinger, Karol (G), 288–89
Pfannenstiel, Dr. Wilhelm (G), 100–104
Pfoch, Hubert (G), 65
Piatek, Miszka (P), 346
Piwonski, Jan (P), 156–57
Platkiewicz, Marian (JT), 243, 288, 297
Plotnicky, Nachum (JS), 324, 330
Podchlebnik, Shlomo (JS), 267
Pohl, Oswald (G), 48, 109, 139, 160, 168–69, 375–76
Pozyczka (JS), 304, 308–309, 313–14, 316–19, 323–24, 327–29
Rabinowicz, Jacob (JT), 261
Rabinowicz, Shimon (JS), 222
Rajgrodzki, Jerzy (JT), 194, 234–36, 293, 296
Rajzman, Shmuel (JT), 158, 284
Rakowski (JT), 107, 221, 236, 274–75, 360
Rappaport (JT), 210
Rashke, Richard (JS), 212, 215, 228
Rauff, Walter (G), 11
Reder, Rudolf (JB), 73, 105, 112, 117, 126, 173, 187–88, 199, 200, 207, 217, 224, 227–28, 246–47, 264–65, 363
Regger, Major (G), 44
Reichleitner, Franz (G), 19, 92, 123, 167, 188–89, 192, 215, 267, 315, 372, 400
Reichman, Yechiel (JT), 175, 206, 209–10, 212, 216, 221–23, 297
Reisman, Dr. (JT), 219
Reizner, Leizer (J), 247
Richter (JT), 260
Ringelblum, Emmanuel (J), 152, 355
Rogosa (U), 197
Röhn (G), 261
Rosenberg, Alfred (G), 135
Rosenfeld, Semion (JS), 310, 322, 328
Rozenberg, Eli (JT), 116, 197, 217
Ruth (FNU) (JS), 116, 195
Ruzka (FNU) (JS), 321
Ryba, Walter (G), 324, 328–29
Sadovits (JT), 271, 277, 287–88
Safran, Ilana (JS), 148–49, 347
Sala (FNU) (JS), 321
Salomea, Hanel (JS), 345
Salzberg (JT), 271, 277, 287, 290
Sammern, Ferdinand von (G), 362
Schiffer, Karl (G), 371
Schindler, General-Lieutenant Max (G), 46, 365
Schluch, Karl Alfred (G), 70, 74
Schlussel (JB), 207
Schmidt (JS), 313, 328
Schmidt (G), 199, 227
Schmidt, Fritz (G), 120–21
Schütt, Hans (G), 77
Schwartz (JS), 328
Schwartz, Gottfried (G), 28, 72, 168
Schwarz, Friedel (G), 24, 31
Schwarzbard, Dr. Ignacy (J), 351
Senia (FNU) (JS), 323
Sereni, Gita (J), 181
Shapiro (JS), 114
Sharson, Lazar (JT), 264
Shubayev, Alexander (Kalimali) (JS), 308, 310, 322–23, 326, 338–39
Siebert, Friedrich (G), 44
Siedlecki, Joe (JT), 196
Singer (JT), 108, 278
Spiegel (JT), 235
Sporrenberg, Jacob (G), 337, 366
Stadie, Otto (G), 197
Stangl, Franz (G), 19, 30–31, 33, 37, 71, 75, 79–80, 92–94, 96–97, 105–106, 109, 116–17, 119–22, 139, 146, 161–63, 167–68, 174, 181, 183–88, 265, 293, 295–96, 362, 372–73, 399
Steiner (JT), 190
Steubel (G), 117, 327
Stier (G), 49, 52
Strawczinski, Oscar (JT), 157, 190, 213, 232, 261–62, 271
Strebel (U), 373
Streibel, Karl (G), 21, 54, 172
Sturm, Moshe (JS), 107, 303–304
Suchomel, Franz (G), 96, 115–16, 161, 163, 183, 197, 273
Sukno, Bronka (JT), 115