The God Particle
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skeptical questions on, [>]–[>]
and The Road, [>], [>], [>]
Totalitarian Rule of, [>], [>] See also Particle physics; Science
Pions (pi mesons), [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
charge of, [>]
in cosmic rays, [>]
as decay product, [>]
and Fermilab collider [>]
and fringe field focusing, [>]–[>]
isospin states of, [>]
muons generated by, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
negative, [>]
neutral, [>]
in neutrino experiment, [>]
from particle Victories, [>]
positive, [>]
Planck, Max, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Planck domain, [>]–[>]
Planck mass, [>]–[>], [>]
Planck's constant, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Plato, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Poincaré, Henri, [>]
Politzer, David, [>]
Pontecorvo, Bruno, [>]
Positron (positive electron), [>], [>], [>], [>]
Potential energy, [>], [>]
Powell, C. F., [>]
Prequarks, [>]
Princeton University, [>] Principia (Newton), [>]–[>]
Probability, [>]
and quantum mechanics, [>]–[>]
Proportional wire chamber (PWC), [>]
Protagoras, [>]–[>]
Proton, [>], [>], [>]
and accelerator [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
baryon number of, [>]
charge of, [>]
decay of, [>]–[>]
as decay product, [>]
energy needed to crack, [>]
experiments on, [>]–[>]
in Fermilab accelerator [>], [>]
from photon, [>]
pictures of, [>]–[>]
polarized, [>]
and quarks, [>], [>], [>], [>]
"seeing," [>]
Prout William, [>]–[>]
Psi, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Ptolemy, [>], [>]
Pulsars, [>]–[>]
Pure Reason. See Reason Purpose, as cause, [>]–[>]
Pythagoras, [>], [>], [>]
Pythagoreans, [>], [>]–[>]
Quantum atom, [>]
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), [>], [>], [>], [>]
Quantum electrodynamics (QED), [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
and gauge transformation, [>]
and g-value of muon, [>]
and QCD, [>]
Quantum gravity, [>], [>]
Quantum numbers, [>]
Quantum theory or mechanics, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and alpha (1/137), [>]
and atom, [>], [>]
and black body radiation, [>]–[>]
and chemistry, [>]
and classical physics, [>]
and conservation, [>]
contributors to, [>]
Bohr, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Born, [>]–[>]
de Broglie, [>]–[>]
Einstein, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Heisenberg, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
Planck, [>]–[>], [>]
Schrödinger, [>]–[>]
Sommerfeld, [>]
and cosmology, [>]
as counterintuitive, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
and Democritus, [>]–[>]
and determinism, [>], [>]
and double-slit experiment, [>]–[>]
and electromagnetism, [>]–[>]
and electron, [>], [>], [>]
evolution of, [>]
fruitfulness of, [>], [>]–[>]
and gravity, [>], [>]
on mass and range of force, [>]
and materials science, [>]–[>]
and Maxwell, [>]
and measurement, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and mystical popularizations, [>], [>]–[>]
and nuclear collisions, [>]
"old," [>]
and photoelectric effect, [>]–[>]
and Planck law of radiation, [>]
and probability, [>]–[>]
problems of, [>]–[>]
and relativity, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
and resistance of solids, [>]
and Rutherford model of atom, [>]–[>], [>]
as scientific revolution, [>], [>]–[>]
and temporary particles, [>]
and unification, [>]
and virtual particle, [>]
of weak force, [>]
Quark-antiquark pair, [>]
Quarks, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
and accelerator, [>]
acceptance of, [>]
asymptotic freedom of, [>]
color of, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
confinement of, [>], [>]
in decay of particles, [>], [>]–[>]
as dimensionless, [>]
energy needed to crack, [>]
evidence for, [>], [>]
experiments on, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
exploring combinations of, [>]–[>]
flavors of, [>]–[>]
in futurist dream, [>]
and Galileo, [>]
and mass, [>]
and pointlike concentrations, [>]
and protons, [>], [>]
and standard model, [>], [>]
third generation of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
types of, [>]
bottom/beauty (b), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
charm (c), [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
down (d), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
strange (s), [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
top/truth (t), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
up (u), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
undiscovered, [>]
and wave function, [>]
Quinn, Helen, [>]
Rabi, [>].1., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Radiation
black body, [>]–[>]
Bohr's explanation of, [>]
Planck law of, [>]
Radiative corrections, [>]
Radioactivity, [>], [>]–[>]
and classical theory, [>]
discovery of, [>]
and light, [>]
Rainwater, James, [>], [>]
Ramond, Pierre, [>]
Ramsey, Norman, [>]
Rayleigh, Lord, [>], [>]
Reagan, Ronald, and SSC, [>]–[>]
Reality, objective, [>], [>]
Reason
and Democritus, [>], [>], [>]
Galileo's use of, [>], [>]
Hawking's use of, [>]
and Higgs particle, [>]
Red shift, [>]–[>]
Relativity, [>]
and accelerators, [>]
and alpha (1/137), [>]
general theory of, [>], [>], [>], [>]
and quantum theory, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
special theory of, [>], [>], [>]
and unification, [>]
Renormalization, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Resonant acceleration, [>]
Richter Burton, [>], [>], [>]
Roentgen, Wilhelm, [>], [>]
Roosevelt, Franklin D., [>]
Rosner; John, [>]
Rossi, Bruno, [>]
Rubbia, Carlo, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Russell, Bertrand, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Rutherford, Lord Ernest, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
and accelerators, [>], [>], [>]
and Bohr, [>], [>]
and quarks, [>]–[>]
and radioactivity, [>], [>]
scattering experiments of, [>], [>]
and standard model, [>]
Rutherford Laboratory, [>]
Sagan, Carl, [>], [>], [>]
Salam, Abdus, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Sands, Matt, [>]
Scattering experiments, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
<
br /> neutrino-, [>]
Rutherford's prototype of, [>]
Schramm, David, [>]
Schrödinger, Erwin, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Schrödinger's equation, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Schwartz, Melvin, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Schwarz, John, [>]
Schwinger, Julian, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Science
beginning of, [>]–[>], [>]
and Big Science, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Bronowski on, [>]–[>]
education in, [>]
flourishing of (1950s and 1960s), [>]
and how vs. why, [>], [>]
and human meaning, [>]–[>]
iconoclasts encouraged in, [>]
and instruments, [>]
method of, [>]–[>]
pyramid of, [>]–[>]
research collaboration in, [>]
revolutions in, [>]–[>]
Rutherford on, [>]
and social needs, [>]–[>]
See also Particle physics; Physics
Science literacy, [>]–[>]
Scientific method
and Galileo, [>]
and induction, [>]
and passion vs. self-criticism, [>]
and theory, [>]
See also Experiment
Scientists, characteristics of, [>]–[>]
Scintillation counters, [>]–[>]
Segré, Emilio, [>]–[>]
Selectron, [>]
Semiconductors, [>]
Serber, Robert, [>]–[>]
Sharpness of mass, [>]–[>]
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, [>]
Sherk, Joel, [>]
Shoulder, Lederman, [>], [>]
Sigma particles, [>], [>], [>]
baryon number of, [>]
Sippach, William, [>]–[>], [>]
SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center), [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Sleptons, [>]
Smithsonian Institution, [>]
Smoot, George, [>]
Snyder; Hartland, [>]
Soccer match, as particle physics metaphor, [>]–[>]
Sommerfeld, Arnold, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Sophists, [>]
Space, [>]–[>]. See also Void Spark chamber [>]
SPEAR (Stanford Positron-Electron Accelerator Ring), [>], [>], [>], [>]
Spectral lines, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and Big Bang, [>]
and classical theory, [>]
and measurement, [>]
and Schrödinger equation, [>]
Speed of light, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
and alpha (1/137), [>]
Fizeau's measurement of, [>]
relativity theory on, [>]
Spin, [>], [>], [>], [>]
of electrons, [>], [>], [>]
and fermions vs. bosons, [>]
isotopic (isospin), [>]
of muon, [>]
and parity conservation, [>]–[>], [>], [>] (see also Parity)
Rabi on, [>]
Spinoza, Benedict, [>], [>]
Squarks, [>]
Standard cosmological model, [>]
Standard model (particle physics), [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
attempts to complete, [>]–[>]
flaws of, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
gravity lacking in, [>], [>], [>]
and Higgs idea, [>], [>]
at high energies, [>]
history of, [>]
and initial conditions of universe, [>]
overcomplexity of, [>]–[>], [>]
and top quark, [>], [>]–[>]
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Stanford Positron-Electron Accelerator Ring (SPEAR), [>], [>], [>], [>]
Stars, elements in, [>]
Steinberg‹; Jack, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Steinmetz, Charles, [>]
Stevens, Wallace, [>]
Stochastic cooling, [>]
Stoney, George Johnstone, [>]
Story of Relativity, The (Einstein and Infeld), [>]
Strange quarks, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
String theory, [>]–[>]
Strong focusing, [>]–[>]
Strong force, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
and conservation of strangeness, [>]
in creation process, [>]
and distance, [>], [>]
and gluons, [>], [>]
and hadrons, [>]–[>]
and neutrino, [>]
and Newton, [>]
and quantum field theory, [>]
and quark experiments, [>]
in standard model, [>]
Sullivan, Walter [>]
Sun
elements in, [>]
late-1890s puzzle over [>]
Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
cascade acceleration in, [>]
and Congress, [>], [>]
energy of, [>]
in futurist dream, [>], [>]
and Higgs particle, [>]
Reagan educated on, [>]–[>]
search for site of, [>]–[>]
and superconductivity, [>]–[>]
Superconductivity, [>]–[>], [>]
and accelerators, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Supernova explosion, [>], [>]
Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), [>]
Superstrings, [>], [>]–[>]
Supersymmetry (Susy), [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Symmetry, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
C (charge), [>]
chiral, [>], [>]
and conservation, [>]
CP, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
of electricity and magnetism, [>]
gauge, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
and God Particle, [>], [>]
in gravitational attraction, [>]
and Greeks, [>]
and Higgs phenomena, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
and laws of conservation, [>]
Maxwell's concern with, [>]
P (parity) or mirror, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] (see also Parity)
and quark pairs, [>]
slight departures from, [>]
theorists' belief in, [>]
and Twiloan example, [>]
Synchrocyclotron, [>]–[>]
Synchrotron, [>]–[>], [>]
and strong focusing, [>]–[>]
Szilard, Leo, [>]
Tao of Physics, The (Capra), [>], [>], [>]
TASSO (Two-Armed Solenoidal Spectrometer), [>]
Taubes, Gary, [>], [>]
Tau lepton, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Tau neutrino, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Taylor, Richard, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Telescope, of Galileo, [>], [>]
Teller Edward, [>]
Tevatron (Fermilab accelerator), [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
amount of information from, [>]
antiprotons in, [>]–[>]
and birth of universe, [>]
cascade acceleration in, [>]
number of collisions in, [>]
and standard model, [>]
and top quark, [>]
and Wilson, [>]
See also Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Thales, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Theorists, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Bohr as, [>]
on future of physics, [>]–[>]
and mathematical symmetry, [>]
Rabi's definition of, [>