creativity of, 97–98, 130–31
day declared in honor of, 3, 246, 304–5
death of, 303–5
decision to leave Fairchild, 149–54
decision to leave Shockley, 81
and dislike of confrontation, 35, 89–90, 145, 198, 260
dislike of hierarchy, 114–16, 128, 191
dissertation of, 38–42
and diving, 18, 19, 21
divorce of, 214–18, 234
draft concerns of, 24, 25, 51, 52
early physics studies of, 17–19
extramarital affair of, 146, 200–202, 215–16, 232
as Fairchild general manager, 105–7, 111–16, 119–23, 128–34, 142–43, 146–48, 153–54
as Fairchild R&D head, 90, 95, 106–7
family life of, 1, 47, 51–53, 65, 117–18, 134, 143–46, 178–79, 220, 228–29, 277, 300–303
as father of Silicon Valley, 246
finances, early, 16, 20, 34–37, 45, 52, 86, 113, 203
and Fullbright award, 37
glider and model plane building by, 6–9, 37
graduate work of (MIT), 30–42
as Grinnell college student, 17, 19–22, 27–29, 33
as Grinnell college trustee, 144, 166, 193–94, 208
in group of eight, 82–86, 96, 112, 124
on group think, 172
high school, 14–18
on information economy, 271
as Intel board chair, 238–39, 243–46, 250, 255
as Intel director, 257–58, 297
as Intel president, 157–59, 160–91, 195–210, 222–28
investment philosophy of, 240–41
jobs, early, 16, 20, 23, 28
as leader vs. manager, 153, 225–27
Lifetime Achievement Medal, 302
lobbying by (against rolling blackouts), 209
lobbying by (capital gains), 262
lobbying by (SEMATECH), 283–84
lobbying by (SIA), 262, 266, 268–70, 273
love of California, 59, 82, 118–19
marriages of (See Bowers, Ann; Noyce, Betty Bottomley)
mentoring young entrepreneurs, 2, 192–93, 241–43, 275–77, 278, 280, 299–300, 306, 307
on microprocessor, 182–83, 185, 186, 195–96, 203–6
move to California, 59–60, 62
on Murphy’s Law, 255
and music, 15, 35–36, 51, 144, 191
and Nobel Prize, 3, 66, 110, 246
obituaries for, 305
oil and gas investment, 300–301, 304
on optimism, 264
patents of, 48, 87, 97, 99, 100, 117, 389–90
philanthropy of, 210–12, 228–29, 274, 306
at Philco, 47–52
philosophy of, 240
physics studies of, 17–19
pig stealing by, 23
pilot hobby and personal airplanes of, 2, 117, 179–80, 201, 202, 208, 213, 228–29, 252, 278–80, 304–5
property owned by, 218, 277, 278, 302
public image of, 243–49
puffin airlift by, 211
on quick-and-dirty research approach, 175
as Rapid Robert, 1, 34, 37
relationship with Japanese, 117, 134, 184, 195, 260, 269
on religion, 16, 118, 235
as Renaissance man, 305
scuba diving of, 278
as SEMATECH CEO, 289–304
sense of future, 2, 3, 206
and Shell Fellowship, 37
at Shockley Semiconductor Labs, 59–62, 64–68, 71–78, 80–81
and skiing, 2, 38, 41, 191–92, 228, 248
and smoking, 16, 233–34
speaking schedule of, 297–98
as spokesman, 239
and stock options, 120, 150, 165, 179, 197–98, 246
support for education by, 274, 306
and tinkering, 7, 16, 36–37, 51, 144, 278, 298, 299–300
travel by (business), 117, 184, 195–97
travel by (family vacation), 168–69
travel by (to China), 277
travel by (to Europe), 117, 121, 196–97, 228
travel by (to Japan), 117, 184, 185, 228
travel by (with Bowers), 277–78, 292
wealth, early discomfort with, 113, 117, 203
wealth of, 255, 275
and youth movement, 213
Noyce Chapel, 228–29
Noyce Foundation, 306
Oakmont, Pennsylvania, 230
obituaries, 305
oil and gas investment, 300–301, 304
Olivetti corporation, 121
Olson, Keith, 387
OmniPage, 276–77. See also Caere
“On the Sufferings of the World” (Schopenhauer), ii
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), 209
Osgood, Charles, 5
Oshman, Kenneth, 276, 291, 387
oxide layers, 102–5, 107–8. See also Hoerni, Jean; planar process
Page Mill Partners, 219
Palevsky, Max, 166
Palo Alto, California, 56–59
Palo Alto Times, 95
patents, 53–54, 66, 70, 73, 87
at Fairchild, 90, 97, 99–100, 102–4, 106–10
integrated circuit, 1, 109, 110–11, 139
and intellectual property, 79, 87, 181, 293
licensing of, 55, 79, 117, 134–35, 139–40, 269. See also Noyce, Robert H., patents
Pedersen, Karl, ix
Penang, Malaysia, 207
J.C. Penney, 242
Perkins, Tom, 240
personal computer (PC), 226–27, 250–52, 278
philanthropy: of Betty Noyce, 234
of Robert Noyce, 210–12, 228–29, 274, 306
Philco, 42, 46–52, 67–68
photolithography, 94
Physical Review, 66
Pickle, J. J., 287
Pires, Paul, 299–300
planar process, 108, 109, 111, 141, 245. See also oxide layers
P-N junction, 26, 93–94, 99
policy and procedures book, 116
Political Action Committee (PAC), 267
Popular Science, 7, 16
Population Explosion, The (Ehrlich), 212
Portland, Oregon, 237
Prestowitz, Clyde, 267, 268–69
Procter and Gamble, 146
quantum tunneling, 65–66
Radio Shack, 213
Ramstad, Evan, ix, 387
random access memory (RAM), 180
Raytheon, 161
R&D (research and development): cooperative, 281
at Fairchild Semiconductor, 90, 97, 102, 106–8, 122–23, 125–26, 130–31
government funding of, 130–31
at Intel, 171, 283
method of, 175
at MIT, 29
at Shockley, 74, 76–77, 86
Reagan, Ronald, 5, 256, 266–67, 272, 274, 301
Redmond, Marilyn, x
Reed, John, 387
Reid, T. R., ix
Rheem Manufacturing, 105, 107, 161
Roberts, Sheldon, 80–81, 99, 127, 387
at Fairchild, 90, 93
in group of eight, 82–86, 96, 112, 124
at Shockley, 61, 65, 70, 78
Rock, Arthur, 127, 240, 264, 275, 291, 387
Apple Computer and, 251
and Fairchild, 80–83, 85, 89, 113, 122–23
and Intel, 156–59, 164–68, 179, 188–89, 225
Rockefeller family, 54, 166, 192
Rod, Catherine, x
Rogers, T. J., 290
ROLM, 276, 291
Rosenfield, Joseph, 166, 208–9
Rosenthal, Sam, 208
Sah, C. T., 95
Sanders, Jerry, 252, 255, 259, 288. See also Advanced Micro Devices
Sandwich, Illinois, 22, 28
San Francisco Bay Area, 5, 56, 61, 80, 118, 152
high technology employment in, 250
San Francisco Chronicle, 246
San Jose, Califor
nia, 305
San Jose Business Journal, 286
San Jose Jet Center, 280, 299
San Jose Mercury News, 5, 250, 263, 286, 304, 305
San Jose State University, 254
Santa Clara, 196, 207, 208, 209, 285
Santa Clara County, 118, 250, 254, 256, 276
Santa Clara Valley, 5
Santa Cruz, California, 237
Santa Rosa, California, 107
Sarofim, Fayez, 166
Sasaki, Tadashi, 184, 387
Scansoft, 306
Schlumberger, 263
Schopenhauer, Arthur, ii
Scientific Data Systems, 165
scientific knowledge, 33
Sculley, John, 277
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 125, 220, 222, 275
Seligson, Daniel, ix, 387
Sello, Harry, 95, 153, 249, 387
SEMATECH, 6, 281–98, 304
and black book, 283
funding of, 283–85, 287, 289, 294, 301
management of, 288–92, 293, 296, 300
manufacturer-supplier relations, 295–96, 301–2
missions of, 282–83, 294–96, 301–2
Noyce’s schedule at, 297–98, 300
and SIA, 283
siting of, 285–87
and SRC, 281
as startup, 290
semiconductor, 26. See also chip; integrated circuit; P-N junction; transistor
semiconductor industry, 159, 203, 258–73
international challenge in, 258–59
Japanese government approaches to, 260–63
layoffs from, 222–24
offshore production, 132–33
and petrochemicals, 209
SIA lobbying, 262–63, 266–70, 271–73, 277
unions in, 115–16, 236
U.S. government approach to, 264–70
Semiconductor Industry Association. See SIA (Semiconductor Industry Association)
Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC), 281
SEMI (suppliers’ trade organization), 296
Senate Committee on Small Business, 262
Sharkoff, Eugene, 387
Sharp Electronics, 184
Shepherd, Mark, 140
Shima, Masatoshi, 185
Shockley, Jean, 53, 54
Shockley, William, 52, 63, 88, 97
and Beckman, 55–56, 58, 72, 74–78
and four-layer diode, 71–73
management style of, 67, 73, 86, 87
Nobel Prize of, 68–70
patents of, 53–54
recruiting by, 52, 59–62
as teacher, 68, 86–87
transistor of, 25, 40, 55
Shockley Semiconductor Laboratories, 56, 63–64, 71, 81, 87, 95
management at, 67, 73, 114
R&D at, 74, 76–77, 86
team at, 61–65. See also Shockley, William shoebox startups, 218–20
SIA (Semiconductor Industry Association), 3, 260, 262–63, 266–69, 271–73, 278, 281, 306
lobbying by, 262, 266, 268–70, 273
Signetics, 124, 136–37, 141
silicon, 159
basic properties of, 63
in integrated circuits, 136
in transistors, 63, 72, 92–94, 96
silicon gate, 180–82
MOS memory, 186
Silicon Valley, 212–14, 220, 270, 280, 286
generational succession in, 307
and high-tech entrepreneurs, 249–50
pioneers of, 4–5
shift from agriculture to industry, 5, 52, 119, 143
unionizing in, 237–38
Singleton, Henry, 123, 251
Sittner, Rex, 76
Skornia, Tom, 388
Slater, John Clarke, 29–30, 32, 34
Smith, Robert, ix, 8, 388
Smith, Charles B., 192
Smith, Christy, x
Societa Generale Semiconduttori (SGS), 121, 123
software, 203, 276
solid circuits. See integrated circuit
solid-state electronics, 39, 53. See also semiconductors
South Korea, 132, 273
Soviet Union, 82, 272
Sputnik and, 91
Spencer, William, 388
spin offs. See Fairchild Semiconductor, spinoffs of
Sporck, Charlie, ix, 153, 248, 266, 268, 272, 388
at Fairchild, 119–20, 126, 129, 131–32, 142, 146
at Intel, 224, 245
leaving Fairchild, 147–48, 149, 150
at National, 255, 260, 272
at SEMATECH, 281–82, 288–90
Sputnik, 91
Standing, Marianne, 17, 18
Stanford University, x, 56, 57, 58, 87, 254
Stewart, Rachel, x
Stevens, Samuel, 19
Stevenson, Adlai, III, 265
stock and stock options, 120, 125, 127, 150, 163, 192, 246
converting, 220–22
Intel, 164–65, 197–98, 200, 209
same-day stock sales, 221–22
Stockholm, 69. See also Nobel Prize
Stone, Nelson, 388
Stroke, Henry, 31, 388
Strong, Jerry, 8
surface states, 39, 149
Syosset, New York, 85, 133, 149. See also Fairchild Camera and Instrument
Tandem Computer, 253
taxes: capital gains, 168, 262
group of eight, 124
Tech Museum of Innovation, 307
technology: cost of, 137–39
need for, 182
Teledyne, 123
Telettra, 121
Teresi, Bob, ix, 275–76, 388
Teresi, Donna, ix
Terman, Frederick, 31, 57–58, 286
Texas Instruments (TI), 93, 183, 199, 283
integrated circuits of, 108–9, 111, 135, 139–40
memory devices of, 207, 282
This Week in Science, 249
Time magazine, 250
Trade Act of 1974, 267
trade deficit, 1980s, 260
transistor: at Bell Labs, 24–27, 33, 39–40, 73
and computers, 135
at Fairchild, 92–94, 96
germanium, 24, 49, 117, 121–22
mesa, 73, 93, 102, 121–22
Nobel Prize for, 68–70
Noyce’s interest in, 38, 39–40
at Philco, 47–50
sales of, 82–83
of Shockley, 25, 40, 54
silicon, 63, 72, 92–94, 96
vacuum tubes and, 24–27, 33
transmission, non-uniform, 299–300
Treybig, James, 253
True Wealth (Hwoschinsky), 218
Tufts College, 43
tunnel diode (negative-resistance diode), 65–66
TypeReader. See Caere
tyranny of numbers, 101–2
Union Carbide, 169–70
unions, 115–16, 235–38
United Electrial Workers (UE), 237
United States Japan Semiconductor Agreement (1986), 272
University of California at Berkeley, 254, 274
University of Texas, 287
C. E. Unterberg, Towbin (investment bank), 197
vacuum tubes, 24–27, 33
Vadasz, Judy, 191, 214, 388
Vadasz, Les, 157, 173, 174, 180–81, 186, 219, 388
Valentine, Don, 250, 388
Varian, 116
venture capital, 86, 89, 123, 157, 168, 179, 240, 262. See also Rock, Arthur Kleiner, Perkins, Caulfield, and Byers
video game, 253
Vietnam war, 167, 213–14
Vognar, Linda, 388
Wall Street Journal, 82, 105
war: Cold War, 29, 82, 91
Vietnam, 167, 213–14
World War II, 15, 17, 29. See also Defense Department, U.S.
Washington, D.C., 270, 278, 297
Washington Post, 285
watch modules, 208
Watson, Hugh, 388
Watson, Thomas, Jr., 83,
93
Webster City, Iowa, 12–13
Weckler, Gene, 388
Weisskopf, Victor, 30, 38, 245
Wells Fargo Bank, San Francisco, 221
Welty, John, 260
WEMA. See Western Electronics
Manufacturers Association Wescon (trade show), 96, 111, 170
Western Electric, 72, 79, 98, 126
Western Electronics Manufacturers Association (WEMA), 209, 224, 236, 262
Wheelon, Alfred “Bud,” ix, 31, 34, 388
White House Science Council, 284
White, Bob and Phyllis, 388
Whitman, Walt, 306
Wirth, Tim, 266
wives, executive, 145. See also Bowers, Ann (second wife); Noyce, Betty Bottomley (first wife)
Wolfe, Tom, 5, 246, 249
Wolff, Alan W., 267, 268
women: in assembly work, 46, 115, 125, 132, 173
at Fairchild, 94–95, 100, 101, 146
at Intel, 200–201
Woolfe, Marianne, 388
World War II, 15, 17, 29
Wozniak, Steve, 250–52
Wright, Jim, 287
Yelverton, Jack, 114–16, 124, 388
Yeutter, Clayton, 268
Young, John, 266
youth movement, 193–94, 213
Zhao Ziyang, 277
Zschau, Ed, 388
Bobby Noyce between his two older brothers, Don (left) and Gaylord (right), who clasp their hands in prayer. Courtesy Don Noyce.
Noyce, about age 12, with his oboe. Family photos.
Bob (left) and Gaylord (right) with their dog Piglet and the bikes they used for their paper route. Family photos.
Bob, age 12, and Gaylord, age 14, proudly display the glider they built in the summer of 1945. Bob would soon attempt to take off from the roof of this garage. Family photos.
Bob and Gaylord run at top speed to launch their glider. Family photos.
A teenage Bob Noyce with one of the model planes he loved to build. Family photos.
Noyce, 20 years old and a conference diving champion, prepares to dive for his school, Grinnell College. Courtesy Don Noyce
Grant Gale, Noyce’s college physics teacher who introduced him to the transistor. Courtesy Grinnell College Archives.
The four Noyce brothers—Don, Gaylord, Bob, and Ralph—in 1950. Family photos.
Bob Noyce and Betty Bottomley and their parents on the couple’s wedding day in 1953. Left to right: Reverend Ralph Noyce, Betty Bottomley Noyce, Harriet Noyce, Frank Bottomley, Bob Noyce, and Helen Bottomley. Courtesy George Clark.
Noyce’s four children smile from the steps of their new home around Christmas, 1962. Family photos.
The employees of Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory celebrate the award of the 1956 Nobel Prize for Physics to their boss William Shockley for his invention of the transistor. Shockley sits at the head of the table. Noyce stands behind him and to the left, holding a wine glass. Jay Last stands in the far right corner of the shot. Seated at the table are Gordon Moore and Sheldon Roberts. Courtesy Intel Corp.
The Man Behind the Microchip Page 61