The American Story
Page 40
WALTER ISAACSON is a professor of history at Tulane University and an advisory partner at the financial services firm Perella Weinberg. He is the past CEO of the Aspen Institute, where he is now a Distinguished Fellow, and has been the chairman of CNN and the editor of Time magazine. Isaacson’s most recent biography is Leonardo da Vinci. He is also the author of The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution; Steve Jobs; Einstein: His Life and Universe; Benjamin Franklin: An American Life; and Kissinger: A Biography. A graduate of Harvard College and of Pembroke College of Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar, he is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, and the American Philosophical Society.
DAVID McCULLOUGH has twice received the Pulitzer Prize, for Truman and John Adams, and twice received the National Book Award, for The Path Between the Seas and Mornings on Horseback. His other acclaimed books include The Johnstown Flood, The Great Bridge, Brave Companions, 1776, The Greater Journey, and The Wright Brothers. His most recent book is The Pioneers (2019). He is the recipient of numerous honors and awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian award.
JON MEACHAM is the author, most recently, of The Soul of America: The Battle for Our Better Angels. He received the Pulitzer Prize for American Lion, his 2008 biography of Andrew Jackson, and is also the author of Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power; Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship; Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush; and American Gospel: God, the Founding Fathers, and the Making of a Nation. Meacham, a distinguished visiting professor who holds the Rogers Chair for the Study of the Presidency at Vanderbilt University, is a contributing writer to the New York Times Book Review and a contributing editor to Time magazine. He lives with his wife and three children in Nashville and in Sewanee.
RICHARD REEVES is the author of the Presidential Trilogy—President Kennedy: Profile of Power, President Nixon: Alone in the White House, and President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination—and seventeen other books. A former chief political correspondent of the New York Times and chief correspondent of Frontline on PBS, he has made several award-winning documentary films. He is the senior lecturer of the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California.
COKIE ROBERTS is a political commentator for ABC News and NPR. In her fifty years in broadcasting, she has won countless awards, including three Emmys, and has been inducted into the Broadcasting & Cable Hall of Fame. In addition to her reporting, Roberts has written six New York Times best sellers, most dealing with the roles of women in U.S. history. Her books include the number-one best seller We Are Our Mothers’ Daughters, an account of American women’s roles and relationships over time; Founding Mothers; Ladies of Liberty; and Capital Dames, about women and Washington in the Civil War. Roberts and her husband, Steven V. Roberts, write a syndicated weekly newspaper column and have written two books together: Our Haggadah: Uniting Traditions for Interfaith Families and From This Day Forward. In 2008, the Library of Congress named her a “Living Legend,” one of the few Americans to have attained that honor. She is the mother of two and grandmother of six.
JOHN G. ROBERTS JR., chief justice of the United States, was born in Buffalo, New York. He married Jane Marie Sullivan in 1996 and they have two children, Josephine and Jack. He received an AB from Harvard College in 1976 and a JD from Harvard Law School in 1979. He served as a law clerk for Judge Henry J. Friendly of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1979 to 1980 and as a law clerk for then associate justice William H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1980 term. He was special assistant to the attorney general, U.S. Department of Justice (1981–82); associate counsel to President Ronald Reagan, White House Counsel’s Office (1982–86); and principal deputy solicitor general, U.S. Department of Justice (1989–93). From 1986 to 1989 and 1993 to 2003, he practiced law in Washington, D.C. He was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2003. President George W. Bush nominated him as chief justice of the United States, and he took his seat on September 29, 2005.
JEAN EDWARD SMITH was professor emeritus at the University of Toronto and Marshall University. He authored fourteen books, including Lucius D. Clay: An American Life; John Marshall: Definer of a Nation; Grant; FDR; Eisenhower in War and Peace; and Bush. His latest book, The Liberation of Paris, was published by Simon & Schuster in 2019, the seventy-fifth anniversary of the liberation. Smith graduated magna cum laude from Princeton University in 1954, served seven years in the U.S. Army field artillery, and earned a PhD from Columbia University in 1964. He lived in Huntington, West Virginia, with his wife, Christine, whom he married in Berlin in 1959. Jean passed away in 2019.
JACK D. WARREN JR. is the executive director of the Society of the Cincinnati, the nation’s oldest historical organization, founded in 1783 by George Washington and the officers of the Continental Army to perpetuate the memory of the American Revolution. He is also the founding director of the American Revolution Institute, created by the Society of the Cincinnati in 2012 to ensure public understanding and appreciation of the achievements of the Revolution. He is the author of The Presidency of George Washington (2000) as well as numerous essays on George Washington and other leaders of the American Revolution. He previously served as an editor of The Washington Papers, published by the University of Virginia Press. A native of Washington, D.C., he lives in Alexandria, Virginia, with his wife, Janet.
JAY WINIK is one of the nation’s leading public historians. He is the author of the New York Times best sellers 1944, The Great Upheaval, and April 1865, which was a number-one best seller and is widely considered a classic. It was also turned into a TV special watched by more than fifty million people. Winik serves as the presidential historian for presidential inaugurations for Fox News, and was a historical advisor to the president of the National Geographic Networks. An elected Fellow of the Society of American Historians, he served on the governing council of the National Endowment for the Humanities, and was the inaugural historian-in-residence at the Council on Foreign Relations. He holds a BA from Yale, an MSc from the London School of Economics, and a PhD from Yale.
BOB WOODWARD is an associate editor of the Washington Post, where he has worked since 1971. He has shared in two Pulitzer Prizes, first in 1973 for the coverage of the Watergate scandal with Carl Bernstein, and second in 2003 as the lead reporter for coverage of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. He has authored or coauthored nineteen books, all of which have been national nonfiction best sellers. Thirteen have been number-one national best sellers. He has written books on nine presidents, from Nixon to Trump. Fear: Trump in the White House, which sold more than 1.1 million copies in its first week in the United States and broke the ninety-four-year-old first-week sales record of its publisher, Simon & Schuster, is the most detailed and penetrating portrait of a sitting president in the first years of an administration. More at www.bobwoodward.com.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
© ROBERT SEVERI
David M. Rubenstein is a cofounder and coexecutive chairman of the Carlyle Group, one of the world’s largest and most successful private investment firms.
Mr. Rubenstein is chairman of the boards of trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Council on Foreign Relations; a fellow of the Harvard Corporation; a trustee of the National Gallery of Art, the University of Chicago, the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, the Institute for Advanced Study, and the World Economic Forum; a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; and president of The Economic Club of Washington, D.C.
Mr. Rubenstein has served as chairman of the board of trustees of Duke University and cochairman of the board of the Brookings Institution.
&
nbsp; Mr. Rubenstein is an original signer of the Giving Pledge and a recipient of the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy.
Mr. Rubenstein is the host of The David Rubenstein Show: Peer-to-Peer Conversations on Bloomberg Television and PBS.
Mr. Rubenstein, a native of Baltimore, is a 1970 magna cum laude graduate of Duke University, where he was elected Phi Beta Kappa. Following Duke, he graduated in 1973 from the University of Chicago Law School. Prior to cofounding Carlyle in 1987, Mr. Rubenstein practiced law in New York and in Washington, and during the Carter administration he was deputy assistant to the president for domestic policy.
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INDEX
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
Adams, Abigail, xvi, 30, 39–41, 77, 116–18, 136 personal and public life of, 33, 39, 118, 122–25, 127, 130, 132
Adams, John: absence of monument for, 27, 29, 31, 115
ambassadorship of, 39–40
death of, 36, 50
and Declaration of Independence, 32–36, 56–58, 108–9
education of, 31–32
on education of women, 124–25
France and, 21, 36–38, 41, 85, 123
Franklin and, 38, 107, 114–15
Hamilton and, 71, 85–86
HBO miniseries on, 39–40
Jefferson and, 27, 29–30, 33, 35–36, 38, 50, 56, 58, 61–62, 66
law career of, 31–32, 57
McCullough on, 26–44, 115
Massachusetts constitution and, 40, 43–44
personality and demeanor of, 27–30, 32–33, 37, 40, 42, 44, 85, 91
personal life of, 31, 33, 39, 42, 118, 122–25, 127, 130
physical appearance of, 26, 30, 35, 64
presidency and, 14–15, 20–22, 27, 29, 31–32, 41–42, 62, 85–86, 130
press and, 36, 42, 50
reading of, 31, 37, 43
retirement of, 58, 61–62
Revolutionary War and, 27, 32, 36, 38, 85, 110, 124
slavery and, 33, 56
Truman and, 28, 30, 35, 44
vice presidency and, 14, 27, 40–41
Washington and, 14–15, 20–22, 27, 29, 33, 35, 40–41, 85–86
writing of, 29, 122–25, 127
Adams, John Quincy, 36–37, 60, 65, 71, 124
Adams, Samuel, 91, 107, 114
African Americans, xv, 24, 54, 120, 126, 154, 283, 308. See also slaves, slavery civil rights and, xvii, 241, 245–46, 250–51, 254–59, 264, 267–68, 271
Kennedy and, 241, 245–47, 263
King and, 250–51, 254–55, 257–58, 261–63, 265
voting rights and, 53, 156, 255
Alcock, John, 169
Alexander Hamilton (Chernow), 67–68, 70, 89
Ali, Muhammad, 307–8, 310
Allen, Ethan, 140
All the President’s Men (film), 301, 305
All the President’s Men (Woodward and Bernstein), 297–99
America First, 161, 166, 179–80, 190
Antietam, Battle of, 152–53, 204
Articles of Confederation, 12–13, 18, 77–79, 111
At Canaan’s Edge (Branch), 249–50, 253, 255
atomic weapons, 210–11, 310 Cuban Missile Crisis and, 231, 243–45
Auschwitz, 186, 198, 200–204
Baker, Bobby, 282, 288
Baker, James, 310, 332, 336–37
Barkley, Alben, 283
Bartlett, Charles, 237
Bates, Edward, 144–45, 148–49
Bay of Pigs invasion, 232, 241–42
Beckley, John, 119
Benjamin Franklin (Isaacson), 91–92, 94–96, 112, 114
Berg, A. Scott, xv, 160–84
Berlin, 165, 194, 198, 210, 219–20
Berlin Wall, 233
Bernstein, Carl, 297–303, 305–6, 313
Berryman, Clifford Kennedy, 164
Billington, James, xiv–xv
bin Laden, Osama, 310–11
Blackmun, Harry, 308–9
Boggs, Hale and Lindy, 117, 119
Bonus Army marchers, 214, 271
Booth, John Wilkes, 118, 156–57
Bradlee, Ben, 300, 302
Bradley, Omar, 204, 207, 220
Branch, Taylor, xv on civil rights movement, 249–72
on King, 249–55, 257–72
Brands, H. W., 317–41
Brattain, Walter, 97
Brethren, The (Woodward and Armstrong), 297, 307–9
Brooks, Preston, 147
Brown, Arthur, 169
Brown, Jerry, 240
Brownell, Herbert, 221–25
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 211, 250–51, 256, 259, 293, 357
Buchanan, James, 118, 128, 133–34
Bully Pulpit, The (Goodwin), 137–38
Burger, Warren, 223, 308
Burke, Edmund, 73
Burr, Aaron, 62–63, 68–69, 71, 86–88
Bush, George H. W., 46, 298, 309, 315, 336, 343, 349
Bush, George W., 298 Iraq war and, 311–12, 316
presidency and, xiv, 29, 311–12, 316, 343, 350–52
Butler, Nicholas Murray, 220–21
Butterfield, Alex, 304
Byrd, Harry, 285
Cameron, Simon, 148–49
Camp David Accords, 314
Capital Dames (Roberts), 116–17
Carmichael, Stokely, 262–63
Caro, Robert A., xv on Johnson, 273–96
on Moses, 273–74, 277–78
Carter, Jimmy: presidency and, xii, 230, 298, 314–15, 318, 334–36
Reagan and, 318, 334–36
Rubenstein’s background and, 230, 298, 314, 318
Woodward on, 314–15
Casey, William, 309
Castro, Fidel, 10–11, 234, 241–42
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 7, 226, 242, 309, 311
Chase, Salmon P., 144–45, 148–49, 158
Chernow, Ron, 67–90
Chesnut, Mary Boykin, 54
China, 95, 211, 284
Churchill, Winston, 46, 49, 235 Eisenhower and, 207, 219
Roosevelt and, 141, 195–97
World War II and, 186, 190–92, 195–97, 201, 204, 216
civil rights, 49, 207 African Americans and, xvii, 241, 245–46, 250–51, 254–59, 264, 267–68, 271
Birmingham campaign and, 251, 254–55, 260, 264, 266
Branch on, 249–72
Eisenhower and, 208, 211, 256–57
Freedom Rides and, 261–62, 270
Johnson and, xvii, 142–43, 246, 267, 269, 275, 282, 294, 296
Kennedy and, 241, 245–47, 252, 263–64, 266–67, 289, 294
King and, xvii, 245, 247, 250–52, 254–55, 257–61, 264–72
and March on Washington, 246–47, 251–52, 264–66
Montgomery bus boycott and, 254, 257–59
and Selma to Montgomery marches, 251, 267–71
sit–ins and, 259–60, 270
Supreme Court and, 211, 250–51, 256, 258–59, 268, 293, 357
Civil War, 16, 64, 71, 89, 133, 179, 234 casualties in, 53, 123, 155, 199
civil rights and, 49, 255, 257
Founding Mothers and, 117, 120
/> Lincoln and, xvii, 140, 144, 151–56, 204
Claiborne, William, 119–20
Clay, Henry, 133, 159
Clay, Lucius, 208, 219, 221–26
Clements, Earle, 285
Clinton, Bill, 315–16
Clinton, George, 79
Clinton, Hillary, 141, 316
Cold War, 197, 210, 241, 292, 329
Commanders, The (Woodward), 298, 309–10
Confederation Congress, 53, 61, 75, 77
Congress, U.S., 14, 16, 18, 35, 50, 55, 61, 64, 82, 86, 88, 107, 132–33, 138, 204, 212, 222, 224, 240, 248, 300, 332 Adams and, 27, 40
civil rights and, xvii, 251, 268–69, 275, 294
C. Roberts and, 117, 119–21
Jefferson and, 62–63
J.G. Roberts and, 343–45, 350, 353–54
Johnson and, 267, 274–76, 278–86, 288–89, 294
Kennedy and, 237–38, 246, 275, 287
Lindbergh’s father and, 166–67
Nixon and, 237, 304, 307, 313
Reagan and, 315, 319, 337
seniority system of, 283–84
slavery and, 52, 146–47
Supreme Court and, 344, 354
Congressional Dialogues, ix, xiii–xvi, 45, 230, 250, 343–44
Connally, John, 288–91
Conner, Fox, 212–13
Constitution, U.S., xi, xiii, 117, 120, 179, 292 civil rights and, xvii, 250, 258
Franklin and, 79, 92, 99, 111–13