Six Frigates

by Ian W. Toll

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  * The modern Republican Party originated in a later period, and does not claim any direct historical lineage to the Jeffersonian Republicans.

  * Comparisons of Y-chromosome DNA samples taken from descendants of Jefferson’s male relatives and Sally Hemings’s sons have established, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the rumors were true.

  * The nation’s first dry dock was built at the Norfolk Navy Yard and placed in service in 1833.

  * There had been two previous cases in which sailors had been removed from an American man-of-war, and in each there had been a mitigating circumstance. North of Cuba, in 1798, a British squadron had taken five men out of the sloop of war Baltimore. The Baltimore’s officers had been unable to produce papers proving she was a naval vessel. Off Cadiz, in 1805, another British squadron had taken three seamen off of U.S. Gunboat No. 6. The three went willingly, claiming protection as British subjects.

  * Essex was meanwhile refitting in the Delaware River. Bainbridge left instructions for Captain Porter to attempt a rendezvous at the Cape Verde Islands or the island of Fernando de Noronha, north of Brazil. If he did not find the squadron, however, Porter was at liberty to cruise wherever he chose. Failing to locate Bainbridge, Porter navigated Essex around the Horn and into the eastern Pacific, where she pillaged the British whaling trade with great success before being captured by two British frigates in March 1814.

  * Admiral Cochrane’s nephew, Thomas Cochrane, was the famed fighting captain whose Mediterranean cruises in the HMS Speedy would be the inspiration for Patrick O’Brian’s novel Master and Commander (1970).

  * “Thus passes the glory of the world.”

  * To this day, the overwhelming majority of scholarly work on the War of 1812 has been produced by Americans and Canadians. A larger contribution by British scholars would enrich the field.