Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction
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New Haven, Connecticut, 317
New Jersey, 169, 275, 392, 416
New Mexico, 62, 67, 68, 71, 76
New Orleans, Louisiana, 134, 188, 190, 210–11, 223, 243, 286, 294, 346, 362, 382, 383, 399, 401, 421, 425, 505, 508, 511
New Orleans Bee, 96
New Orleans Daily Crescent, 132, 358
New Orleans Daily Picayune, 131
New Salem, Illinois, 99
New York (state), 143, 169, 182, 258, 263, 314, 501, 503, 510
New York City, 44, 189, 220, 207, 211, 222, 305, 307, 346, 377, 383, 406
and Customs House, 218
and draft riots (1863), 440–41
and Stock Exchange, 222
New York Evening Post, 133
New-York Tribune, 155, 179, 383, 386, 441
Newburyport, Massachusetts, 238
Newby, Dangerfield, 117
Newport, New Hampshire, 239
Newport News, Virginia, 263
Niagara Bible Conference, 524
Nichols, George Ward, 371
Nightingale, Florence, 268, 401
Norfolk, Virginia, 140, 144, 159, 162, 240, 286, 302, 299, 303
North American Review, 520
North Carolina, 146, 174, 260, 302, 307, 319, 326, 363, 367, 370, 421, 455, 468, 480, 489, 490, 497
and Caldwell county, 240
North Italian War (1859), 250, 255, 263
and Magenta, battle of, 201, 255
and Montebello, battle of, 255
and Solferino, battle of, 201, 255, 258
Northrop, Lucius Bellinger, 320–21
Northwest Ordinance, 45–46, 48–49, 53, 88–89
Nott, Josiah Clark, 408
nullification, 21–22
O’Bannon, Hiram, 118
O’Connor, John, 459
Oberlin College, 261, 415
Ohio, 70, 116, 139, 140, 143, 183, 188, 189, 228–29, 230, 236, 438, 450, 493
Ohio, Department of the (U.S.), 159, 194, 438
Ohio River, 42, 153, 151, 187, 188, 190, 192, 193, 203, 360, 446, 447
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 36, 37, 313
Omnibus Revenue Act (1861), 220
Order of the Heroes of America (North Carolina), 367
Oregon, 56, 57, 61, 66, 105
Orr, James Lawrence, 505
Osterhaus, Peter, 398
Our American Cousin, 467, 481–482
Owens, Mary, 104
Owsley, Frank Lawrence, 94–95
Oxford, University of, 289
Pacific Railroad Act (1862), 231
Palmerston, Henry John Temple (3rd Viscount), 287, 294, 295–96, 297, 298
Panic of 1873, 508, 509, 519–20
Paris, 96, 292
Parker, Theodore, 117
Parkman, Francis, 403–6
Parrott, Robert Parker, 257
Pascagoula, Mississippi, 421
Patriotic Gore (Edmund Wilson), 530
Paxton, Elisha, 256
Peace and Constitutional Society (Arkansas), 367
Peace Society (Alabama), 367
Pee Dee River, 480
Pendleton, George H., 228, 463
Peninsula Campaign (1862), 163–67, 259, 328, 336, 395. See also Seven Days’ Battle
Pennsylvania, 143, 146, 169, 183, 231, 339, 345, 346, 449, 458, 460, 462, 477
and Chester County, 139, 459, 517
and Erie County, 240
and Luzerne County, 462
Pennypacker, Samuel, 459
Pensacola, Florida, 286
Percy, Walker, 528
Perry, Oliver Morton, 346
Perry, Theophilus, 233
Perryville, Battle of (1862), 347, 348, 349, 365
Petersburg, Virginia, siege of, 434, 435–36, 448, 467, 469–70, 475, 478, 479, 531
and battle of the Crater, 436
and Fort Stedman, 475
Peyton, John L., 298
Phelan, James, 365
Phelps, John S., 455
Phelps, John W., 410
Philadelphia, 43, 44, 138–39, 158, 180, 181, 182, 300, 313, 321, 345, 377, 379, 383, 421, 462, 466, 496, 507, 517
and Frankford Arsenal, 321
Philadelphia Press, 228, 408
Phillips, Wendell, 453, 485, 495
Phoenix Iron Works, 517
Pickens, Francis, 364
Pickett, George E., 275, 344, 367, 368, 435
Pierce, Franklin, 72, 74, 80, 86, 114–23, 151, 217
Pike, Albert, 23
Pillow, Gideon, 198–99
Pinchback, P. B. S., 502
Pipe Creek, Maryland, 343
Pippey, William, 236
Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, 204–6, 438. See also Shiloh, battle of
Platte River, 388
Poe, Edgar Allan, 408
Point Lookout, Maryland, 265
Polk, James Knox, 36, 61, 63, 64–65, 66, 105
Polk, Leonidas, 193, 361
Pollard, Edward A., 26, 27, 211, 357, 411, 525, 527
Pomeroy, Samuel C., 449–50, 451
pontoons, 329–30, 434, 435
Pook, Samuel, 196
Pope, John, 168–70, 209, 314, 342
“popular sovereignty,” 66, 68, 71, 76, 78, 85, 88, 89, 92, 97, 109, 110, 111, 113
Port Hudson, Louisiana, 379–80, 381, 401
Port Royal, South Carolina, 159, 180, 182, 245, 384, 502
and “Gideonites,” 182, 384, 502
Porter, David Dixon, 302
Potomac River, 131, 170, 171, 188, 301, 305, 314, 339, 345, 360, 448, 454
Pottawatomie Creek, 81, 116
Powell, William H., 436
Prentiss, Benjamin, 206
Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 72
Princeton Theological Seminary, 87
Progressivism, 95, 530–31
Provisional Army of the Confederacy, 152
Prussia, 232, 244, 257, 286, 290, 335, 398
Pryor, Sara Agnes, 468
Putnam, George, 405
Quakers (Religious Society of Friends), 45
railroads, 102, 317–18, 319, 320, 322, 323, 346, 355, 425, 443, 444, 466, 467, 470, 518, 526
Atlanta & Macon, 443
Illinois Central, 189
Memphis & Charleston, 153, 208
Memphis & Ohio, 153, 195, 198, 203
military railroads, 200–201, 518
Mississippi Central, 153
Mississippi Southern, 153
Mobile & Ohio, 350
Nashville & Chattanooga, 153, 209
Norfolk & Petersburg, 434
Orange & Alexandria, 153, 154–55
Pennsylvania, 241
Richmond & Danville, 153, 434, 476
Southside, 434, 468, 476
Virginia Central, 323
Weldon & Petersburg, 434, 468
Raleigh, North Carolina, 367, 480, 481
Raleigh Standard, 367
Ramsden, Sir John, 289
Randall, James Garfield, 95
Randolph of Roanoke, John, 8, 17
Rapidan River, 425, 426, 430, 433, 440
Rappahannock River, 154, 161, 162, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 367, 423, 425, 426, 429, 431
Rathbone, Henry, 481, 483
Rauschenbusch, Walter, 523
Rawlins, John A., 423
Raymond, Henry J., 462
Read, Thomas Buchanan, 529
Reagan, John H., 360
Reconstruction, 455, 456–57, 467, 472, 484–513, 523, 524, 526, 530
and “Black Codes,” 491, 503
and carpetbaggers, 503–3, 509–10
and citizenship, 484–85, 493, 494, 495–96, 508
and congressional reconstruction, 493–94, 498
and First Reconstruction Act (1867), 498
and “New South,” 524–27
and presidential reconstruction, 490–92
and “Redeemers,” 511, 524
and scalawags, 502–3, 509
and Second Reconstruction Act (1867), 498
and Th
ird Reconstruction Act (1867), 500
Red Badge of Courage, The (novella), 528
Redmond, Charles Lenox, 180
Reed, Hollis, 414
Reeder, Andrew, 80
refugees, 400–401
religion, 9–10, 86–87, 261–62, 264, 347, 410, 411–17
and “Bible Amendment,” 415
and fundamentalism, 534–24
and Protestant evangelicals, 9, 10, 19, 45, 47, 48, 49, 74, 81, 87, 182, 241, 347, 413–15
and “Social Gospel,” 523
Republican Party, 84, 86, 97–98, 107, 113, 116, 122, 123–24, 128, 129, 132, 133, 134, 158, 164, 228, 216, 218, 227, 231, 284, 314, 323, 408, 449–50, 451, 485, 489, 495, 497, 502, 505–6, 511, 518, 519
and Liberal Republicans (1872), 506
and “National Union Ticket,” 464, 488
and Radical Republicans, 451–57, 471, 473, 484, 488, 489, 491, 493, 494, 506, 507, 508, 524
and the “Slave Power,” 85, 95, 107
republicanism, 11–12, 15, 147–48
Revels, Hiram, 502
Reynolds, John Fulton, 264
Rhett, Robert Barnwell, 130
Richmond, Virginia, 39, 126, 151, 152, 153, 154, 164, 168, 243, 272, 308, 310, 313, 318, 320, 321, 332, 336, 352, 356, 358, 365, 366, 369, 402, 421, 424–26, 431–35, 439, 444, 467, 468, 469, 474, 476, 482, 484, 526, 533
and 1863 bread riot, 325–26, 419–20
and Tredegar Iron Works, 152, 318, 325, 326
Richmond Dispatch, 327, 366
Richmond Enquirer, 397
Richmond Examiner, 211, 357
Ripley, Edward H., 272
Ripley, George, 405
Ripley, James Wolfe, 251, 315, 316–17
Rise of Silas Lapham, The (novel), 521
Roanoke Island, North Carolina, 159, 328
Robinson, Frank, 244
Rock, John S., 180, 386
Rock Island Bridge Co., 189
Rodes, Robert, 333
Rollins, James, 471
Romanticism, 26–27, 33, 234, 327, 372, 405, 407, 413, 416, 534
Root, George Frederick, 529
Rosecrans, William Starke, 347, 348–49, 351, 352, 353, 354, 467
Ruffin, Edmund, 25
Runzer, John, 428
Russell, John (1st Earl Russell), 285, 294, 295–96
Russell, William Howard, 24, 28, 32, 140, 153, 186, 188, 281
Rutledge, Ann, 104
San Francisco, California, 437
Sanborn, Franklin H., 117
Sand Creek, Colorado, 388
Sanford, John, 90
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, 59–60, 147
Sante Fe Trail, 389
Saulsbury, Willard, 228
Savannah, Georgia, 159, 286, 356, 374, 384, 444, 445, 446, 487
Savannah, Tennessee, 204–6
Savannah River, 302, 374, 445, 448
Saylor’s Creek, Virginia, battle of (1865), 477
Schaff, Morris, 514
Schiebert, Justus, 244, 257, 335
Schofield, John M., 440
Schurz, Carl, 491
Scientific American, 518
Scotland, 238
Scott v. Sanford. See under U.S. Supreme Court
Scott, Dred and Harriet, 90, 92
Scott, Winfield, 62, 72, 83, 147, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156, 157, 160, 165, 223, 190, 246
and “Anaconda Plan,” 150, 159, 190
secession, 129–31, 144, 146, 191, 192, 233, 356, 455, 492
Second Bull Run, battle of (1862), 169
Seddon, James A., 338, 340, 444
Sedgwick, John, 331
Sellers, Charles Grier, 100
Selma, Alabama, 321, 346
Seminoles (tribe), 387
Semmes, Raphael, 309
Seneca Falls Convention (1848), 392, 403
Sepoy Rebellion (1857), 254, 296
Seven Days’ Battle (1862), 166–67
and Allen’s Farm, 166
and Gaines Mill, 166
and Glendale (Frayser’s Farm), 166
and Malvern Hill, 169, 275
and Mechanicsville, 166
and Savage’s Station, 166
and White Oak Swamp, 168
See also Peninsula Campaign
Seven Pines, battle of (1862), 164, 275
Seward, William Henry, 68, 83, 84, 122, 124, 133, 452, 462, 463
as secretary of state, 284–86, 288, 375
Seymour, Horatio, 228, 501
Seymour, William, 335–36
Sharpe, Granville, 43
Sharps, Christian, 250
Sharpsburg, Maryland, 170
Shaw, Robert Gould, 480, 406, 530
Shelby Iron Works, 318
Shelton Laurel, North Carolina, 368
Shenandoah Valley, 166, 168, 169, 271, 339, 448, 463, 468
Shephardsville, Kentucky, 233
Shepperson, William, 411
Sheridan, Philip Henry, 348, 468, 476, 477, 478, 500
Sherman, Ellen Ewing, 236
Sherman, John, 220, 449, 493
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 206, 211, 236, 247–48, 269, 355, 384, 424–25, 426, 437–40, 441–42, 443–44, 446–48, 466, 470, 474, 475, 480, 490, 501
and Grant, 437, 438–39, 444–46
and March to the Sea, 445
and slavery, 437, 439–40
and Special Field Orders #15, 487
Shewmake, Susan Cornwall, 32
Shields, James, 107
Shiloh, battle of (1862), 205–8, 209, 248, 272, 276, 338, 349, 353, 364, 394, 408, 438
and “The Hornet’s Nest,” 206
Shorter, John Gill, 357
Simms, William Gilmore, 408
Singleton, William Henry, 35
Sioux (tribe), 387
slavery, 28–29, 30–33, 37–41, 51–52, 53, 59, 88, 89, 93, 109, 113–14, 123, 128, 173–74, 181, 218, 233, 235, 297, 300, 370, 410, 471, 472–73, 509, 516–17
and natural law, 111–12
and slaveholders, 238, 327
Slidell, John, 286–88, 291, 292
Slocum, Henry Warner, 331, 332
Smith, Adam, 12, 15
Smith, Gerrit, 117
Smith, Goldwin, 533
Smith, William “Extra Billy,” 370
Smith, Xanthus R., 529
soldier life, 232–77
and alcohol, 275
and desertion, 274–75
and disease, 265
and food, 268–70
and medicine, 266–68, 272–74, 401–2
and training, 243–49
and uniforms, 242–43