Young and Damned and Fair

by Gareth Russell

33. State Papers, I, p. 692.

  34. State Papers, I, pp. 692–94.

  35. State Papers, I, pp. 694–95.

  36. SP 1/167, f. 129.

  37. SP 1/167, f. 166.

  38. SP 1/167, f. 162.

  39. Proceedings of the Privy Council, VII, p. 267.

  40. LP, XVI, 1332, 1342.

  41. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 207.

  42. LP, XVI, 1342.

  43. LP, XVI, 1366. De Marillac gives her name as “Katharine de Auvart.”

  44. For the arrangements at Syon, see State Papers, I, pp. 691–95.

  45. LP, XVI, 1366.

  46. LP, XVI, 1391, grant 59.

  47. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 209.

  21. The King Has Changed His Love into Hatred

  1. For the trial of Dereham and Culpepper, see Proceedings of the Privy Council, VIII, p. 276; LP, XVI, 1395; Kaulek, 379, 380; Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 209.

  2. SP 1/168, fos. 14, 48; Kaulek, 380.

  3. State Papers, VIII, p. 698.

  4. Gossip about the King’s early appreciation of Catherine’s appearance was current in Norfolk House in late 1539, though it does seem quite the stretch for Francis to describe the King as being in love with Catherine and for that to prompt his own departure for Ireland. Likewise, the version of events that has him moving to Ireland before Catherine went to court is incompatible with other events in 1559. The King’s second wave of romantic interest in Catherine in early 1540 could have coincided with the end of her flirtation with Culpepper, around the same time as jealousy over one or both of those men provoked Francis’s quarrel with her and his subsequent decision to leave the Dowager’s service. However, given Dereham’s admission of his sexual relationship with Catherine, without the threat of torture, and his refusal to corroborate Damport’s story, even when he was repeatedly tortured, the weight of evidence still suggests Damport’s claims were untrue.

  5. SP 1/168, f. 100.

  6. LP, XVI, 1426.

  7. SP 1/168, fos. 100, 110; State Papers, VIII, p. 700; Proceedings of the Privy Council, VII, p. 283; LP, XVI, 1422, 1430; Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 209.

  8. LP, XVI, 1372, 1396.

  9. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 211.

  10. LP, XVI, 1422.

  11. SP 1/168, fos. 13, 14, 100; Proceedings of the Privy Council, p. 277; State Papers, VIII, p. 706.

  12. LP, XVI, 1416 (2).

  13. State Papers, VIII, p. 700.

  14. SP1/168, f. 80.

  15. SP 1/168, f. 51.

  16. SP 1/168, fos. 80, 112.

  17. Ibid.

  18. State Papers, VIII, p. 702; SP 1/168, f. 112.

  19. State Papers, VIII, pp. 701–2; Proceedings of the Privy Council, VII, pp. 280–81; LP, XVI, 1416 (2); SP 1/168, f. 122.

  20. Proceedings of the Privy Council, VII, p. 280.

  21. LP, XIV, 1422; SP 1/168, f. 53.

  22. State Papers, VIII, p. 706.

  23. LP, XVI, 1422.

  24. Proceedings of the Privy Council, pp. 280–81.

  25. State Papers, VIII, p. 709.

  26. Thurley, pp. 27–32, 53.

  27. Karen Lindsey, Divorced Beheaded Survived: A Feminist Reinterpretation of the Wives of Henry VIII (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 1995), p. 137.

  28. Anne’s decision to move to Richmond and remarks she made in 1542–43 strongly suggest that she wished to be reinstated as queen after Catherine’s fall—see Norton, Anne of Cleves, pp. 119–28.

  29. LP, XVI, 1332, 1407.

  30. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 227.

  31. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 204.

  32. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 213.

  33. Proceedings of the Privy Council, VIII, pp. 279, 282; SP 1/168, f. 100.

  34. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 209.

  35. LP, XVI, 1332, 1366.

  36. SP 1/167, f. 168; LP, XVI, 1387, 1457.

  37. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 232.

  38. Norton, Anne of Cleves, pp. 128–29.

  39. State Papers, VIII, pp. 704, 708–9; SP 1/168, f. 80.

  40. SP 1/168, f. 117.

  41. There is some debate about what the “drawn” part of the sentence referred to, whether the mode of transport or the extraction of the vital organs. In Francis Dereham’s case, his sentence stipulated he was to be hanged, then disemboweled, beheaded, and then quartered. The sentence was carried out and confirmed in Wriothesley, Chronicle, I, p. 131.

  42. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 213.

  43. Thomas Culpepper is buried in the church of the Holy Sepulchre in Newgate, London. The church is the largest parish church in London. Its walls and tower remain, but damage inflicted during the Great Fire (1666) gutted the interior. The porch seems to be the only original feature left standing from 1541. Culpepper’s body lies in the same church as John Smith, Governor of Virginia, who acquired posthumous fame due to his association with Pocahontas.

  44. SP 1/168, f. 112.

  45. Proceedings of the Privy Council, pp. 280, 281, 2830–34.

  46. Hall’s Chronicle, pp. 842–43.

  47. Burnet, I, pp. 626–67.

  48. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 215.

  49. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 223.

  22. Ars Moriendi

  1. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 227.

  2. Proceedings of the Privy Council, VIII, p. 304.

  3. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 223. The original translators’ use of “lese Majesty’ ” and “Sion House” have been adapted in this citation. Chapuys’s phonetic rendering of Lady Rochford’s name was left as “de Rochefort” in the original.

  4. Lehmberg, p. 141. Lehmberg, pp. 142–43, credibly suggests that the Lord Chancellor’s discussion of Catherine was deliberately left out of transcripts, with orders perhaps given to the clerks beforehand that they were not to record a specific discussion of the Queen’s vices.

  5. Lehmberg, pp. 128–29.

  6. Journals of the House of Lords, p. 166.

  7. Burnet, I, p. 627.

  8. Burnet, I, p. 625.

  9. Journal of the House of Lords, p. 166.

  10. Ibid.

  11. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 232.

  12. Bishop Burnet (I, p. 626) noted, “How much she confessed to them is not very clear, neither by the journal nor the act of parliament; which only says that she confessed without mentioning the particulars.” The charges against her did not subsequently change to ones of adultery, which suggests that she reiterated her earlier confessions. For Catherine’s insistence that she deserved to die, Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 232.

  13. Burnet, I, pp. 626–27.

  14. Burnet I, p. 627. The law was unpopular enough to be repealed in the reign of Henry’s son, Edward VI.

  15. Lehmberg, p. 147.

  16. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 230.

  17. Ibid.

  18. Ibid.

  19. Ibid.

  20. Hall’s Chronicle, p. 843; Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 232.

  21. Burnet refers to him as “Dr. White,” although he did not return to study for his doctorate until the reign of Mary I.

  22. Burnet, I, p. 624.

  23. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 232.

  24. SP 1/168, f. 48.

  25. Proceedings of the Privy Council, VIII, pp. 304–5.

  26. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 232, stipulates the scaffolds for the respective queens were erected on the same site.

  27. Original Letters, I, ii, pp. 128–29.

  28. This description is based on the funeral of Elizabeth of York (d. 1503). See Laynesmith, pp. 119–26.

  23. The Shade of Persephone

  1. Cal. S. P. Span., VI, i, 233.

  2. Siddons, I, p. 116.

  3. LP, XIX, ii, 613.

  4. Proceedings of the Privy Council, pp. 46–48, 81–82, 148. Bulmer was still refusing to reconcile with Joan in October 1542, five months after she was released from the Tower. Bulmer himself was imprisoned in Fleet prison, on financial charges, in February 1543 and the couple had officially separated by June of that year.

 
5. He should not be confused with his kinsman Sir Edward Waldegrave, the Catholic courtier imprisoned for hearing Mass in Elizabeth I’s reign. Joan Waldegrave’s children were called Edward, Anne, Mary, Bridget, and Margery.

  6. Barry L. Wall, Long Melford through the ages: A guide to the buildings and streets (Ipswich, England: East Anglian Magazine Ltd., 1986); L. L. B. Martin Woods, The Winthrop Papers (Boston, MA: Massachussets Historical Society, 1931).

  7. Bindoff, I, p. 403.

  8. Evidence from family wills raises the possibility that Isabella may not have been close to any of her surviving siblings. Despite the fact that George Howard was his half brother, while Isabella was his full sibling, John Leigh left bequests to the former and not the latter when he died in 1563. He also left a benevolence to his nieces and nephews from other Leigh siblings, including their late sister Margaret, but no mention is made of Isabella whatsoever—see Surrey Archaeological Collections, LI, p. 90.

  9. Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas (ed.), Testamenta Vetusta: Being Illustrations from Wills of Manners, Customs, etc. (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1826), pp. 729–30. There is debate over whether their relationship began in the lifetime of Lord Stourton’s first wife, Elizabeth (née Dudley), sister of Catherine’s former master of the horse.

  10. For Gruffydd ap Rhys’s career, see Griffiths, Sir Rhys ap Thomas, pp. 117–25. Elizabeth I made more substantial grants to Gruffydd than Mary I did, perhaps partly because of his Howard blood and his son’s service to her.

  11. Donald Gregory, The History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland, from A. D. 1493 to A. D. 1625 (London and Glasgow: Hamilton, Adams, and Co., etc., 1881), p. 161.

  12. Dugdale, II, p. 272.

  13. Ibid.

  14. Bindoff, I, p. 403.

  15. Suzannah Lipscomb, The King Is Dead: The Last Will and Testament of Henry VIII (London: Head of Zeus, 2015), p. 171.

  16. Hutchinson, pp. 229–30.

  17. Childs, p. 243.

  18. Scarisbrick, pp. 495–96.

  19. Edward Seymour is better known to history as Duke of Somerset, the title he enjoyed between 1547 and 1552.

  20. Norton, Anne of Cleves, pp. 159–62.

  21. Saaler, pp. 91–92.

  22. Hall’s Chronicle, p. 828.

  23. Lisle Letters, VI, pp. 277–79.

  24. R. J. Knecht, The Rise and Fall of Renaissance France, 1483–1610 (London: Fontana Press, 1996), p. 335.

  25. Mackay, p. 246.

  26. Bindoff, I, p. 403.; Cal. S. P. Span., VIII, I, 206.

  27. Rosalind K. Marshall, “Douglas, Lady Margaret, countess of Lennox (1515–1578)” in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004).

  28. Acts and Monuments, VIII, p. 570.

  29. Baldwin, Henry VIII’s Last Love, pp. 97–101. The brothers had attempted to escape the epidemic in Cambridge and both died at Buckden Palace in Cambridgeshire.

  30. Letter, dated August 6, 1566, from Jacob de Vulcob to Jacques Bochetel de La Foret, cit. Simon Adams, Leicester and the Court: Essays on Elizabethan Politics (Manchester University Press, 2002), p. 139.

  31. Fox, Jane Boleyn, pp. 312–13.

  32. Cavendish, II, p. 69.

  33. The Second Book of Travels of Nicander Nucius of Corcyra, J. A. Cramer (ed. and trans.) (London: Camden Society, 1841), p. 48.

  34. Cavendish, II, pp. 65–68.

  35. Thomas, p. 3.

  36. Thomas, p. 58.

  37. Original Letters, I, ii, p. 129.

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