Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All
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89 Rorke-Adams’s background and training: L. B. Rorke-Adams, “Lucy Balian Rorke-Adams, MD: An Autobiography,” Journal of Child Neurology 23 (2008): 674-682.
90 Rorke-Adams on her experiences in the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Author interview with Lucy Rorke-Adams, April 28, 2009.
90 Rorke-Adams on John Shane: Ibid.; additional Rorke-Adams quotes are from this interview.
90 Rorke-Adams’s expertise on embryonic neuronal cells: An extensive publication list can be found in L. B. Rorke, “Embryonal Tumors of the Central Nervous System,” in Principles and Practice of Neuropathology, 2nd ed., eds. J. S. Nelson, H. Mena, J. E. Parisi, and S. S. Schochet (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).
91 Rorke-Adams’s monograph on myelination: L. B. Rorke and H. E. Riggs, Myelination of the Brain in the Newborn (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1969).
91 Karoly and Shane indictment: United States of America v. John P. Karoly, Jr., John J. Shane, and John P. Karoly, III, filed in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, September 25, 2008.
91 Laurie Magid on Karoly-Shane indictment: Press release, U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, “Allentown Attorney and Two Others Indicted for Fraud Involving Couple Killed in Plane Crash,” September 25, 2008.
91 Karoly and tax evasion: “Allentown Attorney Charged with Defrauding Charity and Church in $500,000 Scheme,” Department of Justice Press Release, United States Attorney’s Office, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, March 12, 2009; B. Theodore, “Allentown Lawyer John Karoly Jr. Pleads Guilty to Tax Evasion, Could Face Prison Time,” LehighValleyLive. com, July 6, 2009; M. Birkbeck, “‘We Trusted John Karoly,’ Says Former Local Pastor,” The Morning Call, September 16, 2009; United States of America v. John P. Karoly, Jr., “Government’s Guilty Plea Memorandum,” United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Criminal No. 08-592-01.
91 Fisher on autism: H. L. Coulter and B. L. Fisher, A Shot in the Dark: Why the P in the DPT Vaccination May Be Hazardous to Your Children’s Health (Garden City, N.Y.: Avery Publishing, 1991).
92 Wakefield paper: A. J. Wakefield, S. H. Murch, A. Anthony, et al., “Ileal-Lymphoid-Nodular Hyperplasia, Non-Specific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children,” The Lancet 351 (1998): 637-641.
92 Salisbury on fears of pertussis and MMR vaccine: Author interview with David Salisbury, November 30, 2009.
92 Measles outbreaks: N. Gould, “The Town Divided by a Deadly Disease,” Belfast Telegraph, November 14, 2004; “Fall in MMR Vaccine Coverage Reported as Further Evidence of Vaccine Safety Is Published,” CDR Weekly, June 25, 1999; B. Lavery, “As Vaccination Rates Decline in Ireland, Cases of Measles Soar,” New York Times, February 8, 2003; T. Peterkin, “Alert over 60 Percent Rise in Measles,” London Daily Telegraph, May 12, 2003; N. Begg, M. Ramsey, J. White, and Z. Bozoky, “Media Dents Confidence in MMR Vaccine,” British Medical Journal 316 (1998): 561; B. Deer, “Schoolboy, 13, Dies as Measles Makes a Come-back,” Sunday Times (London), April 2, 2006; K. Mansey, “MMR Link to Mumps Cases,” Daily Post, January 16, 2006; S. Boseley, “MMR Vaccinations Fall to New Low,” The Guardian, September 24, 2004; E. K. Mulholland, “Measles in the United States, 2006,” New England Journal of Medicine 355 (2006): 440-443; J. McBrien, J. Murphy, D. Gill, et al., “Measles Outbreak in Dublin,” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 22 (2003): 580-584; P. A. Brunell, “More on Measles and the Impact of the Lancet Retraction,” Infectious Diseases in Children, May 2004; B. Deer, “MMR Scare Doctor Faces List of Charges,” The Times (London), September 11, 2005; S. Hastings, “Doctor at Sharp End of MMR Controversy,” Yorkshire Post, June 14, 2006.
92 Parents in United States refuse MMR vaccine: M. J. Smith, L. M. Bell, S. E. Ellenberg, and D. M. Rubin, “Media Coverage of the MMR-Autism Controversy and Its Relationship to MMR Immunization Rates in the United States,” Pediatrics 121 (2008): e836-e843.
93 Measles virus and intestines of autistic children: M. Hornig, T. Briese, T. Buie, et al., “Lack of Association Between Measles Virus Vaccine and Autism with Enteropathy: A Case-Control Study,” PLoS ONE 3 (2008): e3140.
93 MMR vaccine does not cause intestinal inflammation: H. Peltola, A. Patja, P. Leinikki, et al., “No Evidence for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine-Associated Inflammatory Bowel Disease or Autism in a 14-Year Prospective Study,” The Lancet 351 (1998): 1327-1328; R. L. Davis, P. Kramarz, B. Kari, et al., “Measles-Mumps-Rubella and Other Measles-Containing Vaccines Do Not Increase the Risk for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study from the Vaccine Safety DataLink Project,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 155 (2002): 354- 359; B. Taylor, E. Miller, R. Lingam, et al., “Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccination and Bowel Problems or Developmental Regression in Children with Autism: Population Study,” British Medical Journal 324 (2002): 393-396; E. Fombonne and E. H. Cook, Jr., “MMR and Autistic Enterocolitis: Consistent Epidemiological Failure to Find an Association,” Molecular Psychiatry 8 (2003): 133-134.
93 Autism and brain-damaging (encephalopathic) proteins: K. Wang, H. Zhang, D. Ma, et al., “Common Genetic Variants on 5p14.1 Associate with Autism Spectrum Disorders,” Nature 459 (2009): 528-533.
93 Epidemiological studies exonerate MMR vaccine: B. Taylor, E. Miller, C. P. Farrington, et al., “Autism and Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine: No Epidemiological Evidence for a Causal Association,” The Lancet 353 (1999): 2026-2029; F. DeStefano and R. T. Chen, “Negative Association Between MMR and Autism,” The Lancet 353 (1999): 1986- 1987; E. Fombonne, “Are Measles Infections or Measles Immunizations Linked to Autism?” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 29 (1999): 349-350; J. A. Kaye, M. Melero-Montes, and H. Jick, “Mumps, Measles, and Rubella Vaccine and the Incidence of Autism Recorded by General Practitioners: A Time Trend Analysis,” British Medical Journal 322 (2001): 460-463; L. Dales, S. J. Hammer, and N. J. Smith, “Time Trends in Autism and in MMR Immunization Coverage in California,” Journal of the American Medical Association 285 (2001): 1183-1185; C. P. Farrington, E. Miller, and B. Taylor, “MMR and Autism: Further Evidence Against a Causal Association,” Vaccine 19 (2001): 3632-3635; E. Fombonne and S. Chakrabarti, “No Evidence for a New Variant of Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Induced Autism,” Pediatrics 108 (2001), http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full.108/4/e58; N. A. Halsey and S. L. Hyman, “Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Report from the New Challenges in Childhood Immunization Conference Convened in Oak Brook, Illinois, June 12, 2000,” Pediatrics 107 (2001), www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/107/5/e84; K. M. Madsen, A. Hviid, M. Vestergaard, et al., “A Population-Based Study of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccination and Autism,” New England Journal of Medicine 347 (2002): 1477-1482; A. Mäkela, J. P. Nuorti, and H. Peltola, “Neurologic Disorders After Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination,” Pediatrics 110 (2002): 957-963; P. A. Offit and S. E. Coffin, “Communicating Science to the Public: MMR Vaccine and Autism,” Vaccine 22 (2003): 1-6; F. DeStefano, T. K. Bhasin, W. W. Thompson, et al., “Age at First Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination in Children with Autism and School-Matched Control Subjects: A Population-Based Study in Metropolitan Atlanta,” Pediatrics 113 (2004): 259-266; K. Wilson, E. Mills, C. Ross, et al., “Association of Autistic Spectrum Disorder and the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine,” Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 157 (2003): 628-634; H. Honda, Y. Shimizu, and M. Rutter, “No Effect of MMR Withdrawal on the Incidence of Autism: A Total Population Study,” Journal of Child Psychiatry and Psychology 46 (2005): 572-579.
93 Brian Deer on Andrew Wakefield’s conflicts: B. Deer, “MMR: The Truth Behind the Crisis,” Sunday Times (London), February 22, 2004.
94 Wakefield’s co-authors withdraw names from paper: R. Horton, MMR Science and Fiction: Exploring the Vaccine Crisis (London: Granta Books, 2004).
94 Nicholas Chadwick: Omnibus Autism Proceeding, Federal Claims Court, Washington, D.C., www.uscfc.uscourt.gov/OSM/OSMAutism.htm.
&
nbsp; 94 Wakefield wins “Courage in Science Award”: L. Reagan, “Vaccine Conference Exclusive Report,” http://www.hpakids.org/holistic-health/articles/187/1/Vaccine-Conference-Exclusive-Report.
94 Fisher on Madsen study: Quoted in “Autism: Study Finds No Connection to MMR Vaccine,” American Health Line, November 7, 2002.
94 Fisher on Institute of Medicine: M. Fox, “Study Says Vaccine Not Cause of Autism,” Philadelphia Inquirer, May 19, 2004.
94 General Medical Council chastises Wakefield: N. Triggle, “MMR Doctor ‘Broke Research Rules,’” BBC News, January 28, 2010; B. Deer, “‘Callous, Unethical, and Dishonest’: Dr. Andrew Wakefield,” TimesON-LINE, Sunday Times (London), January 31, 2010, http://timesonline.co.uk; Press Association, “MMR Doctor Failed to Act in Interests of Children,” The Guardian, http://guardian.co.uk/science/2010/jan/28/mmr-doctor-fail.children-gmc/print.
95 Fisher defends Wakefield after General Medical Council rebuke: B. L. Fisher, “Vaccines: Doctor Judges and Juries Hanging Their Own,” http://ageofautism.com/2010/01/vaccines-doctor-judges-juries-hanging-their-own.html.
95 The Lancet retracts Wakefield paper: Editors of The Lancet, “Retraction: Ileal-Lymphoid-Nodular Hyperplasia, Non-Specific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children,” The Lancet, February 2, 2010.
95 Fisher responds to The Lancet’s retraction: T. Miller, “Journal Retracts Study Backing Vaccine-Autism Link,” PBS News Hour, http://pbs.org/newshour/updates/europe/jan-june10/lancet_0204html.
96 William Sawyer and yellow fever vaccine: W. A. Sawyer, K. F. Meyer, M. D. Eaton, et al., “Jaundice in Army Personnel in the Western Region of the United States and Its Relation to Vaccination Against Yellow Fever,” American Journal of Hygiene 40 (1944): 35-107.
96 Neil Nathanson and polio vaccine: N. Nathanson and A. D. Langmuir, “The Cutter Incident: Poliomyelitis Following Formaldehyde-Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccination in the United States During the Spring of 1955. I. Background,” American Journal of Hygiene 78 (1963): 16-28.
96 Trudy Murphy and rotavirus vaccine: T. V. Murphy, P. M. Garguillo, M. S. Massoudi, et al., “Intussusception Among Infants Given an Oral Rotavirus Vaccine,” New England Journal of Medicine 344 (2001): 564- 572.
96 Wakefield resigns: M. A. Roser, “British Doctor Resigns as Head of Austin Autism Center,” Austin American-Statesman, February 18, 2010.
96 GMC revokes Wakefield’s medical license: K. Kelland, “UK Doctor at Heart of Vaccine Row Banned from Practice,” Reuters, May 24, 2010.
96 AAP and CDC call for removal of thimerosal: P. A. Offit, “Thimerosal and Vaccines: A Cautionary Tale,” New England Journal of Medicine 357 (2007): 1278-1279.
96 Epidemiological studies of thimerosal and autism: P. Stehr-Green, P. Tull, M. Stellfeld, et al., “Autism and Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines: Lack of Consistent Evidence for an Association,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 25 (2005): 101-106; K. M. Madsen, M. B. Lauritsen, C. B. Pedersen, et al., “Thimerosal and the Occurrence of Autism: Negative Ecological Evidence from Danish Population-Based Data,” Pediatrics 112 (2003): 604-606; A. Hviid, M. Stellfeld, J. Wohlfahrt, and M. Melbye, “Association Between Thimerosal-Containing Vaccine and Autism,” Journal of the American Medical Association 290 (2003): 1763-1766; J. Heron and J. Golding, “Thimerosal Exposure in Infants and Developmental Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study in the United Kingdom Does Not Support a Causal Association,” Pediatrics 114 (2004): 577-583; N. Andrews, E. Miller, A. Grant, et al., “Thimerosal Exposure in Infants and Developmental Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United Kingdom Does Not Support a Causal Association,” Pediatrics 114 (2004): 584-591; E. Fombonne, R. Zakarian, A. Bennett, et al., “Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Prevalence and Links with Immunization,” Pediatrics 118 (2006): 139-150; W. W. Thompson, C. Price, B. Goodson, et al., “Early Thimerosal Exposure and Neuropsychological Outcomes at 7 to 10 Years,” New England Journal of Medicine 357 (2007): 1281-1292; R. Schechter and J. Grether, “Continuing Increases in Autism Reported to California’s Development Services System,” Archives of General Psychiatry 65 (2008): 19-24.
96 Autism rates continued to climb: R. Schechter and J. Grether, “Continuing Increases in Autism Reported to California’s Development Services System,” Archives of General Psychiatry 65 (2008): 19-24.
97 Gary Golkiewicz regarding workload: Speech to the Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines, March 6, 2008.
97 Special master regarding workload: Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, filed February 12, 2009.
98 Golkiewicz regarding goal of VICP: Speech to the Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines, March 6, 2008.
99 Special master regarding subjective belief: Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, filed February 12, 2009. Italics added for emphasis.
99 Special master regarding sentiment: Rolf and Angela Hazelhurst and William Yates Hazelhurst v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, filed February 12, 2009. Italics added for emphasis.
99 Vote unanimous: Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, filed February 12, 2009; Rolf and Angela Hazelhurst and William Yates Hazelhurst v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, filed February 12, 2009; Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, filed February 12, 2009.
99 Special master regarding bad science: Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, filed February 12, 2009. Italics added for emphasis.
99 Special master and “White Queen”: Ibid.
99 Special master regarding quality of experts: Ibid.
100 Special master on Marcel Kinsbourne’s professional testimony: Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, filed February 12, 2009.
100 Special master on Kinsbourne’s statement regarding measles and autism: Ibid.
100 Special master on Vera Byers: Ibid.
101 Special master on Arthur Krigsman: Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, filed February 12, 2009.
101 Special master on Jeff Bradstreet’s profit: Ibid.
102 Verdict on thimerosal cases: www.uscfc.uscourts.gov.
102 Special master regarding Krigsman’s medical misjudgment: Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, filed February 12, 2009.
102 Lawyers’ compensation: K. Seidel, “Autism-Vaccine Attorney Bill Tops $2 Million,” http://www.neurodiversity.com/weblog/article/180.
103 Special master regarding maturing science: Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, filed February 12, 2009.
104 Vaccine shortages: J. Cohen, “U.S. Vaccine Supply Falls Seriously Short,” Science 295 (2002): 1998-2001; National Vaccine Advisory Committee, “Strengthening the Supply of Routinely Recommended Vaccines in the United States: Recommendations of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee,” Journal of the American Medical Association 290 (2003): 3122- 3128.
7. Past Is Prologue
105 Rotting flesh: Tucker, Scourge, 2.
105 Smallpox disease and spread: Ibid., 2.
106 British historian: Quoted in Ibid., 3.
106 Smallpox deaths: Ibid., 3.
106 Monarchs and rulers died from smallpox: Ibid., 12.
106 Native Americans died from smallpox: Ibid., 12.
106 Edward Jenner and the smallpox vaccine: Ibid., 23.
107 Jenner’s publication and acceptance of smallpox vaccine: Brunton, Politics of Vaccination, 13-14.
108 Epidemiological Society of London: Durbach, Bodily Matters, 22; Brunton, Politics of Vaccination, 40.
108 “Light of modern science”: Durbach, Bodily Matters, 22.
108 Epidemiological Society’s political role: Brunton, Politics of Vaccination, 40.
108 Epidemiologica
l Society’s reason for vaccination: Durbach, Bodily Matters , 23.
108 Bill of 1853: Brunton, Politics of Vaccination, 41.
108 Smallpox epidemic of 1852: Ibid.
108 “A damp squib”: Ibid., 39.
108 Act of 1867: Durbach, Bodily Matters, 8-9.
109 “Ignorance and prejudice”: Brunton, Politics of Vaccination, 43.
109 Richard Butler Gibbs and the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League: Durbach, Bodily Matters, 38.
109 Growth of the ACVL: Ibid.
109 Formation of other anti-vaccination leagues: Ibid.
109 Richard Butler Gibbs quote regarding Britannia: Brunton, Politics of Vaccination, 92.
109 The Vaccination Vampire: Durbach, Bodily Matters, 138.
109 Vaccinators as ravens: Ibid.
109 Vaccination as sacrifice to the devil: Ibid., 81.
109 “Savage African tribe”: Ibid.
110 Claim that vaccine contains animal products and transforms children into monsters: Durbach, Bodily Matters, 114.
110 Rallies at public auctions: Ibid., 53.
110 Rally in 1887: Ibid.
110 Rally in 1885: Ibid., 63.
110 Mothers hide children from vaccination officers: Ibid., 65.
111 John Gibbs regarding doctors: Ibid., 13.
111 Fisher and doctors killing babies: “Doctors Want Power to Kill Disabled Babies,” posted by Barbara Loe Fisher, November 5, 2006, http://www.vaccineawakening.blogspot.com.
111 Leicester rally of 1885: Durbach, Bodily Matters, 51.
112 “Perfect carnival”: Ibid., 50.
112 Anti-vaccine rally: Witnessed by the author, June 2006.
112 Bill of 1853 passed under darkness: Ibid., 118.
112 Fisher at Maryland courthouse: “Police with Dogs: Vaccinating Kids in Maryland,” posted by Barbara Loe Fisher, November 19, 2007, http://www.vaccineawakening.blogspot.com.