167. “‘I have zealously served’”: Ibid., p. 174.
167. “Bainbridge’s torment moved”: Ibid., p. 169.
167. “Busy convoying, Preble”: Ibid., p. 175; McKee, p. 179.
168. “‘This affair distresses me’”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 256.
168. “He feared that”: Ibid., p. 175.
168. “‘Would to God”’: Ibid., p. 256.
168. “To his brother”: McKee, p. 181.
168. “‘I have not the smallest’”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 280.
168. “‘Keep up a good heart’”: Ibid., p. 335.
169. “Preble discovered months’ worth”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, pp. 351, 385-6.
169. “Jefferson’s political enemies”: Allison, pp. 29—30.
169. “‘This accident renders’”: Jefferson Presidential Papers (Library of Congress), Microfilm, Reel 30.
169. “Congress established a”: Ibid., p. 523.
170. “‘I have never been’”: Ford, vol. 8, p. 301.
170. “So while the president”: James Madison Presidential Papers (Library of Congress), vol. 27, p. 35.
170. “On May 8, 1803”: Whipple, p. 96.
170. “Besides being instructed”: Naval Documents, vol. 2, p. 468.
171. “Off Cape de Gatt”: Naval Documents, vol. 2, p. 507.
171. “James Simpson, the U.S.”: Ibid., p. 514.
172. “Algiers’s dey was”: Ibid., vol. 3, pp. 132, 361—2.
172. “Rodgers objected to it”: Ibid., pp. 46—7.
173. “The American merchantman Hannah”: Ibid., pp. 23, 62-3.
173. “Finally, the emperor arrived”: Ibid., p. 106.
173. “He made a show”: Ibid., pp. 107—8.
173. “The delighted emperor”: Ibid., p. 110.
174. “‘a small man’”: Ibid., p. 126.
174. “The emperor suspended”: Ibid., pp. 164—5.
174. “As the two nations”: Ibid., pp. 19, 118, 126—7, 153.
174. “Many were built”: Ibid., pp. 461, 466.
174. “The morning after”: Ray, pp. 83—4.
175. “While the crewmen”: Ibid., p. 104.
176. “‘Rough-bearded men’”: John Greenleaf Whittier. The Complete Poetical Works of John Greenleaf Whittier (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1892), pp. 410—1.
177. “John Morrison, a”: Ray, pp. 114—5.
177. “‘Behave like Americans’”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 312.
177. “A janissary cut off”: Ray, p. 96.
178. “The officers were excused”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, pp. 530—2.
178. “the midshipmen attended”: Ibid., p. 256.
178. “The captain even”: Dearborn, pp. 66—7.
179. “blindness was a relatively”: Whipple, p. 128.
179. “With happier results”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, pp. 531—2.
179. “a sailor cut his”: Ibid.
179. “Nelson’s ‘... Answer was’”: Ibid., p. 357.
179. “The first convert”: Ibid., pp. 530—1.
179. “Wilson became one”: Allison, p. 120.
Chapter X: A Daring Counterstroke
180. “The Danish consul”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, pp. 266—7.
180. “Lear opened an account”: Ibid., pp. 310, 369; Allen, pp. 163—4.
181. “He first tried”: Dearborn, p. 60.
181. “After experimenting with milk”: Ibid.; Whipple, p. 121.
181. “The censor’s eyes”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, pp. 526—7.
181. “Bainbridge suggested to Preble”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 253.
182. “‘I shall hazard much’”: Ibid., p. 258.
182. “Lieutenant Charles Stewart swore”: Ibid., pp. 426—7.
182. “A month after”: Ibid., p. 236.
182. “By mid-December, he had”: Ibid., p. 273.
183. “Preble and Decatur now”: Ibid., p. 304.
183. “The Mastico was”: Ibid., pp. 351, 374.
183. “They turned up”: Ibid., p. 334.
184. “Preble had shifted”: Ibid., p. 257.
184. “Before the Mastico’s capture”: Ibid., p. 292.
184. “Yusuf’s agent at Malta”: Ibid., pp. 385, 378.
184. “But Preble decided”: Ibid., p. 311.
185. “Who was the”: Irvin Anthony, Decatur (New York, London: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1931), pp. 4—33.
186. “Decatur helped equip”: Ibid., pp. 35—41.
187. “He settled his first”: Ibid., pp. 103—4.
187. “Decatur and Macdonough”: Ibid., p. 121.
188. “Decatur had assembled”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 389.
188. “‘We shall astonish’”: Ibid., pp. 381—2.
189. “‘It will be well’”: Ibid., pp. 375—7.
189. “The strike force arrived”: Ibid., pp. 399, 415—6.
189. “The Intrepid was small”: Ibid., p. 417.
189. “When they weren’t busy”: Anthony, p. 129; Whipple, p. 133.
189. “The most recent”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 258.
190. “The Intrepid slowly”: Ibid., p. 416.
190. “Decatur launched the mission”: Ibid. p. 418.
190. “Decatur divided his force”: Anthony, pp. 124—5.
191. “A voice in the”: Ibid., p. 132.
191. “The Philadelphia’s officer”: Ibid., pp. 416—7; Anthony, pp. 130—3.
192. “The enemy’s bloodcurdling”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, pp. 417—9.
192. “The frigate went up”: Ibid., p. 415.
193. “Morris described the sight”: Whipple, p. 319.
193. “With seamless precision”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 414.
193. “Thirty Siren crewmen”: Ibid.
194. “At daybreak, they”: Ibid., pp. 414—5.
194. “The Philadelphia burned”: Tucker, p. 283.
194. “The commodore signaled impatiently”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 444.
194. “‘Their conduct in the’”: Ibid., p. 413.
194. “‘the most bold’”: Irwin, p. 135.
195. “‘The American commander”’: Allison, p. 193.
195. “‘... it is the only’”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 525.
195. “Congress Decatur commended”: Ibid., pp. 427—8.
195. “A silent play”: Allison, p. 190.
195. “Francis Scott Key”: Victor Weybright, Spangled Banner: The Story of Francis Scott Key (New York: Farrar & Rinehart Inc., 1935), pp. 137—43.
195. “Key’s new, forgettable”: Ibid., pp. 143—50.
196. “Susan Decatur made”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, pp. 421, 230-1; Allen, pp. 174—5.
197. “The night of the”: Ray, p. 110.
197. “The commotion also”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 532.
197. “At daybreak the next”: Ray, p. 110.
197. “‘The Turks appeared”’: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 421.
197. “when the soldiers tried”: Ray, p. 111.
198. “‘I have seen the Sea’”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 256.
198. “Six weeks after”: Ibid., p. 532.
198. “One reason for”: Ibid., p. 474.
198. “‘people who handle’”: Ibid., p. 489.
198. “the bashaw forbade”: Ibid., p. 536.
Chapter XI: Preble’s Fighting Squadron
199. “In Tripoli, gun crews”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, pp. 293—4.
200. “Since taking command”: Ibid., vol. 2, p. 508.
200. “Cathcart had tried”: Ibid., vol. 3, p. 459.
200. “Prime Minister Sir John Acton”: Ibid., vol. 4, pp. 100—1.
200. “Preble mounted all”: Ibid., p. 130.
201. “He had sent”: Ibid., pp. 183—92, 255.
201. “‘It is from thence’”: Ibid., p. 275.
201. “Tobias Lear said”: Ibid., p. 471.
202. “‘It must be dreadful’”: I
bid., p. 79.
202. “Almost alone, Bainbridge”: Ibid., vol. 3, pp. 329—30.
202. “A harassing bombardment‘”: Ibid., vol. 4, pp. 264—5.
203. “The Philadelphia prisoners”: Ray, p. 119.
203. “The captives were driven”: Ibid., pp. 121, 145.
203. “Stephen Decatur led Lieutenants”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, p. 295.
204. “Trippe boarded another”: Ibid., pp. 296—7.
204. “For the rest”: Ibid., footnote.
205. “‘I find hand to hand”’: Ibid., p. 346.
205. “Decatur overtook an”: Anthony, pp. 144—5.
206. “As a souvenir”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, pp. 347—8. (Excerpt from Life of Stephen Decatur by Alexander Slidell Mackenzie, U.S.N.)
206. “The Constitution bombarded”: Ibid., pp. 296—7.
206. “Preble, expecting more”: Anthony, pp. 146—7.
207. “‘I always thought’”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, p. 346.
207. “Forty-four Tripolitans perished”: Ibid., pp. 297—8.
208. “Blake’s gunboat never”: Ibid., pp. 385—6.
208. “they ascribed the Americans‘”: Ray, pp. 123—4.
208. “A few days after”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, pp. 297—8.
208. “‘They did not abate’”: Ray, pp. 124-7.
209. “Two days after”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, p. 62.
209. “‘The conduct for sometime’”: Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 474—7.
209. “Preble was determined”: McKee, p. 176.
209. “The commodore had”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, pp. 323, 495—6.
210. “The Siren chased”: Ibid., pp. 234, 255.
210. “‘a deep designing’”: Ibid., vol. 3, p. 70.
210. “When he was fourteen”: McKee, pp. 6—7.
210. “was a midshipman”: Ibid., pp. 10—12, 18.
210. “he went back to sea”: Ibid., pp. 20—9.
211. “He then had”: Fowler, Jack Tars and Commodores, p. 49.
211. “he contracted malaria”: Whipple, p. 106.
211. “A husky six-footer”: McKee, frontispiece, p. 80.
211. “Preble was known”: Ibid., p. 35.
211. “criminal charges were”: Ibid., pp. 46—7.
212. “In a letter”: Ibid., p. 138.
212. “Unlike Morris, Preble”: Ibid., pp. 133—4; Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 225.
212. “on October 4, 1803, five”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 105.
212. “On November 16, 1803”: Ibid., p. 225.
212. “Preble kept all”: Ibid., pp. 103-4.
213. “Thus, when Robert Quinn”: Ibid., vol. 4, pp. 218—9, 227.
213. “The meeting took”: Anthony, pp. 109-11.
214. “And then, without warning”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, pp. 352, 298—9.
215. “The bashaw hunkered”: Ibid., pp. 299—300.
215. “Besides the casualties”: Ibid.
Chapter XII: A Destructive Scheme
217. “Whenever Barron arrived”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, pp. 114—5.
218. “While he regretted”: Ibid., p. 301.
218. “Preble’s pride was”: Ibid., p. 377.
218. “Weeks later, when”: Ibid., pp. 63—4.
218. “The John Adams”: Ibid., pp. 300—1.
219. “Since the failed parley”: Ibid., p. 222.
219. “Preble offered $80,000”: Ibid., pp. 389, 397.
219. “Yet he couldn’t resist”: Ibid., p. 397.
219. “Stephen Decatur had exulted”: Ibid., p. 243.
220. “Preble had declared”: Ibid., vol. 3, p. 210.
220. “Enemy gunners opened up”: Ibid., vol. 4, p. 301.
220. “Preble decided to resume”: Ibid., pp. 302, 481.
220. “Yet the nervous”: Ibid., p. 64.
221. “For three hours”: Ibid., pp. 302—3.
221. “Inside the city”: Ibid., pp. 64, 476, 480—2.
221. “Bainbridge was nearly”: Ibid., pp. 302—3.
221. “Preble brought the Constitution”: Ibid., pp. 472—3, 476, 504.
221. “A few days later”: Ibid., pp. 302—4.
222. “Preble suggested a”: Ibid., p. 495.
222. “Beaussier reported that”: Ibid., 496—7, pp. 480-2.
222. “The American fire”: Ibid., p. 65.
222. “There were so many”: Ray, p. 135.
223. “Preble once again”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, pp. 304-5, 504.
223. “Preble’s reckless sorties”: Ray, p. 142.
223. “When Somers asked”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, p. 508.
224. “‘No place presents’”: Ibid., p. 49.
225. “In Malta in May”: Ibid., p. 136.
225. “Preble himself demanded”: Ibid., vol. 3, pp. 112—3, 156.
225. “A decade later”: Allen, p. 140; Tucker, p. 338.
225. “‘many remarkable fine’”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, p. 210.
225. “‘I have an excellent’”: Ibid., p. 439.
226. “Somers impulsively removed”: Anthony, pp. 150—1.
226. “The Intrepid was loaded”: Naval Documents, vol. 4, pp. 305—6.
226. “‘like so many planets’”: Ibid., p. 352.
226. “The huge concussion”: Ibid., pp. 360, 509.
227. “The Nautilus showed”: Ibid., p. 507.
227. “there was no sign”: Ibid., p. 306.
227. “Without any basis”: Ibid., pp. 306—7.
228. “The bashaw and his”: Ibid., p. 65.
228. “Preble chased down”: Ibid., pp. 307—8.
228. “Barron cruised off”: Ibid., p. 513.
228. “President Jefferson took time”: McKee, pp. 314—5.
229. “With $1,245 they raised”: Naval Documents, vol. 6, p. 497.
229. “the monument was vandalized”: Wright-Macleod, p. 194.
230. “Its inscription reads”: Taken from the monument.
230. “In Portland, Maine”: Tucker, p. 333.
230. “In 1938, the”: Lieutenant (jg) Arthur P. Miller, Jr. “Tripoli Graves Discovered” (U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, April 1950), pp. 373—7.
231. “In April 1949”: Ibid.
Chapter XIII: Plotting a Regime Change
233. “‘The Secretary of War”’: Edwards, p. 127.
233. “This proposal was”: Naval Documents, vol. 1, p. 494.
233. “‘The subjects in’”: Ibid., p. 569.
233. “‘does not accord’”: Ibid., vol. 2, p. 245.
234. “‘We have no’”: Ibid., vol. 4, p. 153.
234. “Madison permitted up to”: Ibid.
234. “Thin, pale, and”: Karl Schuon, ed., The Leathernecks (New York: Franklin Watts Inc., 1963), p. 34.
234. “he had moved”: Naval Documents, vol. 2, p. 486; vol. 3, p. 222.
235. “Eaton said that organizing”: Ibid., vol. 5, p. 37.
235. “Eaton dispatched his”: Edwards, pp. 128—31.
235. “Bainbridge, Murray, Morris”: Tucker, pp. 229—31.
236. “Significantly, Preble, the”: Naval Documents, vol. 3, pp. 259—60, 486.
236. “Eaton complained to”: Ibid., vol. 4, p. 120.
236. “‘If my project’”: Ibid., vol. 5, p. 35.
236. “Hull’s verbal orders”: Ibid., p. 20.
237. “‘How Glorious would’”: Ibid., p. 305.
237. “Founded in 332 B.C.”: Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (USA: Funk & Wagnalls, 1983), vol. 1, p. 372.
237. “The Americans gazed”: P. J. Vatikiotis. The History of Egypt (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1969), p. 31.
237. “Napoleon’s lightning invasion”: Ibid., pp. 30—1.
238. “‘Let the Franks’”: Ibid., pp. 38—9.
238. “But the shrewd Napoleon”: Ibid., p. 44; Felix Gilbert, Eugene F. Rice, Jr., Richard S. Dunn, Leonard Krieger, Charles Breunig, Norman Rich, ed., The Norton History of Modern Europe (New
York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1971), p. 816.
238. “In 1801 they”: Vatikiotis, p. 50.
239. “While waiting for the”: Naval Documents, vol. 5, p. 171.
239. “They started up”: Wright-Macleod, p. 151.
239. “A striking blue-eyed”: Prentiss, p. 446.
239. “he was fluent”: Edwards, p. 5.
239. “He also happened”: Ibid., pp. 5—6.
239. “he had mastered”: Ibid., p. 11.
240. “These traits had”: Ibid., p. 27.
240. “‘Egypt has no”’: Naval Documents, vol. 5, p. 191.
240. “‘Wild Arabs’ roved”: Ibid., p. 186.
240. “Eaton’s party hunted”: Ibid., pp. 186—7.
241. “‘They kissed our”’: Ibid., pp. 190—2.
241. “Eaton impressed the”: Ibid., p. 174.
241. “Cairo’s viceroy, Khorshid”: Vatikiotis, p. 37.
241. “They were escorted”: Naval Documents, vol. 5, pp. 188-9.
242. “‘It was more like’”: Ibid.
242. “He cemented their”: Ibid., pp. 185—6.
242. “The viceroy’s envoy”: Ibid., p. 192.
242. “Eaton sent a letter”: Ibid., p. 180.
243. “‘Thus you must’”: Ibid., p. 268.
243. “‘I cannot but”’: Ibid., p. 252.
243. “Bring plenty of money”: Ibid., pp. 277—9.
243. “Less than halfway”: Ibid., pp. 303—4.
244. “Eaton began to notice”: Ibid., p. 314.
244. “‘There is more’”: Tucker, p. 366.
244. “Turkish guards suddenly”: Naval Documents, vol. 5, pp. 301, 304.
245. “‘Tents were pitched’”: Ibid., p. 333.
245. “The governor and”: Ibid., p. 304.
245. “Hamet had decided”: Ibid., p. 349.
245. “if even 100”: Ibid., p. 214.
246. “The envoy was”: Ibid., pp. 349—50.
246. “He ‘is now’”: Ibid., p. 360.
246. “Yusuf had halted”: Ibid., p. 100.
247. “‘His people thought”’: Ibid., p. 131.
247. “Yusuf presided over”: Ibid., p. 206.
247. “Hull opened a”: Ibid., p. 349.
247. “Eaton got another $7,000”: Ibid., pp. 348, 408.
247. “‘Cash will do’”: Ibid., p. 553.
247. “There were Greeks”: Tucker, p. 369.
248. “Of the 400”: Edwards, p. 170; Naval Documents, vol. 5, pp. 371, 388.
248. “Selim Comb, a Turk”: Naval Documents, vol. 5, pp. 398—9.
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