by Simon Heffer
31. Ibid., p. 138.
32. Asquith C., p. 128.
33. Ferriter, p. 154.
34. Dangerfield, p. 176.
35. See this point discussed at https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/why-pearse-may-not-have-read-out-the-1916-proclamation-at-gpo-after-all-30589327.html.
36. Text taken from http://www.firstdail.com/?page_id=75.
37. Townshend I, p. 108.
38. Hankey, II, p. 475.
39. Townshend I, p. 183.
40. Gilbert III(C), I, p. 268.
41. Asquith C., p. 163.
42. Ibid.
43. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/16, diary entry 10 July 1916.
44. The Times, 29 April 1916, p. 9.
45. Hansard, Vol. 82 col. 675W.
46. Townshend I, p. 246.
47. Ferriter, p. 158.
48. Townshend I, p. 270.
49. The Times, 1 May 1916, p. 10.
50. Webb, III, p. 254.
51. Plunkett Papers: Diary, 4 May 1916.
52. Dangerfield, p. 216.
53. Samuel, p. 116.
54. Townshend I, p. 272.
55. Ibid., p. 274.
56. Grigg I, p. 347.
57. Townshend I, p. 279.
58. Holmes, p. 325.
59. Dangerfield, p. 210.
60. Townshend I, p. 280.
61. Meleady, p. 370.
62. Hansard, Vol. 82 col. 283.
63. Ibid., col. 284.
64. Ibid., col. 285.
65. The Times, 12 May 1916, p. 5.
66. Scott, p. 206.
67. Hansard, Vol. 82 col. 32.
68. Ibid., col. 33.
69. Ibid., col. 35.
70. Ibid., col. 35.
71. Ibid., col. 36.
72. Ibid., col. 37.
73. Ibid., col. 38.
74. Scott, p. 205.
75. Hansard, Vol. 82 col. 935.
76. Ibid., col. 937.
77. Ibid., col. 938.
78. Ibid., col. 940.
79. Ibid., col. 951.
80. Ibid., col. 953.
81. Ibid., col. 955.
82. Ibid., col. 956.
83. Ibid., col. 957.
84. Ibid., col. 959.
85. Crewe Papers: copy of letter from Asquith to Samuel, 14 May 1916.
86. S&A, II, pp. 215–16.
87. Ibid., p. 216.
88. Ibid., p. 217.
89. Morrell II, p. 108.
90. The Times, 20 May 1916, p. 7.
91. Hansard, Vol. 82 cols 2075–76.
92. Scott, p. 207.
93. Hansard, Vol. 82 col. 2309.
94. Ibid., col. 2310.
95. Ibid., col. 2311.
96. Ibid., col. 2312.
97. Scott, p. 207.
98. Hansard, Vol. 82 col. 2535.
99. Meleady, p. 380.
100. Hansard, Vol. 82 col. 2958.
101. Scott, p. 217.
102. Riddell, p. 184.
103. Lloyd George papers: D 14/2/28.
104. Kerry, p. 259.
105. Ibid.
106. Adams III, p. 314.
107. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/R/291.
108. Hansard (Lords), Vol. 22 col. 388.
109. Ibid., col. 389.
110. The Times, 28 June 1916, p. 9.
111. Hansard (Lords), Vol. 22 col. 495.
112. Ibid., col. 496.
113. Ibid., col. 497.
114. Ibid., col. 498.
115. Ibid., col. 500.
116. Ibid., col. 501.
117. The Times, 30 June 1916, p. 6.
118. Hansard, Vol. 84 col. 57.
119. Ibid., col. 58.
120. Ibid., col. 59.
121. See Heffer, AD, pp. 820–21.
122. Hardinge, p. 6.
123. Ibid., p. 4.
124. Ibid., p. 7.
125. Ibid., p. 11.
126. Ibid., p. 12.
127. Ibid., p. 13.
128. Hansard, Vol. 84 col. 2126.
129. Hansard (Lords), Vol. 22 col. 615.
130. Ibid., col. 619.
131. Ibid., col. 616.
132. Ibid., col. 617.
133. Crewe Papers: Asquith to Crewe, 12 July 1916.
134. Riddell, p. 201.
135. Ibid., p. 205.
136. The Times, 21 July 1916, p. 9.
137. Hansard, Vol. 84 col. 1340.
138. Ibid., col. 1430.
139. Ibid., cols 1433–34.
140. Ibid., col. 1438.
141. Ibid., col. 1452.
142. Ibid., col. 1461.
143. Ibid., col. 2123.
144. Ibid., cols 2125–26.
145. Ibid., col. 2131.
146. Ibid., col. 2135.
147. The Times, 5 August 1916, p. 3.
148. Hansard, Vol. 84 col. 2153.
149. The Times, 1 August 1916, p. 9.
150. Ibid., 24 July 1916, p. 10.
151. Stevenson F., p. 109.
152. The Times, 9 August 1916, p. 3.
153. Scott, p. 222.
154. Darroch, p. 182.
155. The Times, 4 August 1916, p. 7.
Chapter 6: Slaughter
1. Hankey, II, p. 479.
2. Ibid., p. 480.
3. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/16, letter to H. H. Asquith, 23 June 1916.
4. Jellicoe, p. 136.
5. Hankey, II, p. 491.
6. Ibid., p. 492.
7. Scott, p. 214.
8. Riddell, p. 185.
9. The Times, 5 June 1916, p. 9.
10. Thompson II, p. 101.
11. Beaverbrook I, I, p. 205.
12. Taylor, p. 58.
13. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/16, letter to Sir Douglas Haig, 9 June 1916.
14. Hansard, Vol. 83 col. 146.
15. Hankey, II, p. 508.
16. Churchill R., p. 210.
17. Scott, p. 215.
18. Hansard, Vol. 82 col. 1344.
19. Scott, p. 216.
20. Ibid., p. 217.
21. Ibid., p. 218.
22. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/16, letter to Sir Douglas Haig, 9 June 1916.
23. Rose II, p. 195.
24. The Times, 9 June 1916, p. 9.
25. Ibid., 21 June 1916, p. 9.
26. Scott, p. 219.
27. Ibid., p. 220.
28. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/16, diary entry for 15 June 1916.
29. Asquith, Diary, p. 267.
30. Ibid., p. 269.
31. Churchill R., p. 211.
32. Ibid., p. 268.
33. Petrie, II, p. 50.
34. Riddell, p. 207.
35. Scott, p. 224.
36. Roskill, I, p. 283; Haig, p. 135.
37. Haig, p. 139.
38. Hansard, Vol. 83 col. 1013.
39. Ibid., col. 1014.
40. Ibid., col. 1015.
41. The Times, 17 May 1916, p. 9.
42. Ibid., 6 June 1916, p. 5.
43. Brock Millman, ‘HMG and the War against Dissent, 1914–18’, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 40 No. 3, p. 424.
44. Morrell II, p. 111.
45. Hansard, Vol. 86 col. 826.
46. Morrell II, p. 124.
47. Ibid., p. 125.
48. Darroch, p. 219.
49. Ibid., p. 211(n).
50. Morrell, p. 126.
51. Hankey, II, p. 494.
52. Ibid., p. 495.
53. DeGroot I, p. 225.
54. Hankey, II, p. 495.
55. Ibid., p. 215.
56. Scott, p. 213.
57. Haig, p. 150.
58. Ibid., p. 153.
59. The Times, 4 July 1916, p. 9.
60. Haste, p. 68.
61. Retrieved from https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-happened-on-the-first-day-of-the-battle-of-the-somme.
62. Davidson, p. 39.
63. Haig, p. 154.
64. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/16, diary entry for 9 July 1916. Degomméd is Esher’s Anglo-French bastardisation of degommé, to knock down or to fell with a shot or
blow. Lawrence (sic) Burgis, as well as being a protégé of and former secretary to Esher, was also one of his crushes: Esher got him a job on Hankey’s staff in London and Burgis had a long and distinguished career in the civil service.
65. Wells, JP, p. 585.
66. Roskill, I, p. 286.
67. DeGroot I, p. 256.
68. Riddell, p. 198.
69. The Times, 7 July 1916, p. 10.
70. Hart, p. 211.
71. Clark A., p. 165.
72. The Times, 29 May 1915, p. 9.
73. Hewett, p. 108.
74. Ibid., p. 109.
75. Ibid., p. 112.
76. Ibid., p. 113.
77. DeGroot II, p. 115.
78. The Times, 22 August 1916, p. 3.
79. Hynes, p. 122.
80. Ibid., p. 123.
81. Repington, I, p. 43.
82. Ibid., p. 44.
83. The Times, 13 July 1916, p. 5.
84. DeGroot I, p. 155.
85. Brandon, p. 220.
86. Ibid., p. 215.
87. Lodge, p. 197.
88. Wells, Britling, pp. 266–67.
89. Ibid., p. 269.
90. Riddell, p. 201.
91. Repington, I, p. 285.
92. Gilbert III(C), II, p. 1537.
93. Haig, p. 157.
94. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/16, diary entry 27 July 1916.
95. DeGroot I, p. 258.
96. Ibid., p. 256.
97. Ibid., p. 257.
98. Haig, p. 158.
99. Ibid., p. 159.
100. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/16, letter to Lt Col. M. Hankey, 3 August 1916.
101. Hansard, Vol. 85 col. 2298W.
102. Charman, p. 55.
103. Russell, II, p. 72.
104. The Times, 5 September 1916, p. 9.
105. Hansard, Vol. 86 col. 539.
106. Ibid., col. 827.
107. Ibid., col. 835.
108. The Times, 20 October 1916, p. 9.
109. Ibid., 12 September 1916, p. 5.
110. Ibid., p. 9.
111. Repington, I, p. 361.
112. The Times, 10 October 1916, p. 5.
113. Ibid., 26 October 1916, p. 9.
114. Ibid., 30 October 1916, p. 5.
115. Hansard, Vol. 86 col. 116.
116. Riddell, p. 215.
117. The Times, 7 October 1916, p. 10.
118. Ibid., 14 November 1916, p. 5.
119. Hansard, Vol. 86 col. 581.
120. Ibid., col. 583.
121. Ibid., col. 588.
122. Ibid., col. 652.
123. Ibid., col. 1483.
124. Ibid., col. 1485.
125. Ibid., col. 632.
126. Hansard, Vol. 85 col. 2508.
127. The Times, 9 August 1916, p. 3.
128. Ibid., 23 August 1916, p. 3.
129. Bilton, p. 127.
130. Haste, p. 32.
131. The Times, 25 September 1916, p. 10.
132. Wilson, p. 187.
133. Hansard, Vol. 85 col. 1451.
134. Ibid., cols 1451–2.
135. Wilson, p. 5.
136. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/16, diary entry 17 September 1916.
137. See Heffer, AD, pp. 573–94.
138. BL Add. MS49758 f.311.
139. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/17, diary entry 29 September 1916.
140. Grigg I, p. 425.
141. Ibid., p. 433.
142. PA: BBK/C/261.
143. Grigg I, p. 382.
144. Hansard, Vol. 86, col. 145.
145. Stevenson F., p. 115.
146. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/17, diary entry for 17 October 1916.
147. Repington, I, p. 351.
148. Stevenson F., p. 115.
149. Ibid., p. 117.
150. Ibid.
151. Grigg I, p. 384.
152. Robertson, I, p. 301.
153. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/17, diary entry for 26 October 1916.
154. Grigg I, p. 389.
155. Riddell, p. 219.
156. Hankey, II, p. 551.
157. Kerry, p. 264.
158. Asquith, MR, II, p. 142.
Chapter 7: Coup
1. Riddell, p. 203.
2. Hankey, II, p. 525.
3. Bell, p. 236.
4. Ibid., p. 246.
5. Ibid., p. 247.
6. Ibid., p. 205.
7. Ibid., p. 206.
8. See Heffer, AD, p. 497ff.
9. Ibid., Ch. 18 passim.
10. Gilbert, III(C), II, pp. 1542–43.
11. Grey, II, p. 241.
12. Cooper, p. 54.
13. Haig, p. 183
14. Ibid., p. 164.
15. Hansard, Vol. 86 cols 101–2.
16. Ibid., col. 103.
17. Ibid., col. 106.
18. Ibid., col. 108.
19. Ibid., col. 111.
20. Roskill, I, p. 311.
21. Hankey, II, p. 556.
22. Ibid., p. 557.
23. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/17, letter to Sir Douglas Haig, 29 September 1916.
24. Stevenson F., p. 121.
25. Hansard, Vol. 86 col. 436.
26. Ibid., col. 446.
27. Ibid., col. 478.
28. Ibid., col. 451.
29. Hansard, Vol. 85 col. 2248.
30. Ibid., Vol. 86 col. 1438.
31. Ibid., Vol. 87 col. 827.
32. Ibid., col. 828.
33. Ibid., col. 832.
34. Ibid., col. 837.
35. Ibid., col. 845.
36. Ibid., col. 853.
37. Ibid., col. 861.
38. Ibid., col. 863.
39. The Times, 23 November 1916, p. 9.
40. Ibid., 1 December 1916, p. 5.
41. Grigg I, p. 438.
42. Taylor, pp. 62–63; Hankey, II, p. 557.
43. Hankey, II, p. 515.
44. Stevenson F., p. 122.
45. Davidson, p. 42.
46. Blake, p. 301.
47. Stevenson F., p. 123.
48. Haig, p. 166.
49. Beaverbrook I, II, p. 135; Stevenson F., p. 124.
50. Beaverbrook I, II, pp. 127–28.
51. Ibid., p. 138.
52. Hankey, II, p. 564.
53. Davidson, p. 42.
54. Stevenson F., p. 127.
55. Scott, p. 235.
56. Ibid., p. 236.
57. Stevenson F., p. 128.
58. Lee, p. 159.
59. Blake, p. 307.
60. PA: BL 117/1/29.
61. Asquith, MR, II, p. 148.
62. Beaverbrook II, p. xvi.
63. Lee, p. 160.
64. The Times, 1 December 1916, p. 9.
65. Stevenson F., p. 129.
66. S&A, II, p. 252.
67. Asquith, Diary, p. 309.
68. Ibid., p. 254.
69. Blake, p. 310.
70. PA: BL/117/1/30.
71. Asquith Papers: MS.Eng.d.3216, diary entry for 8 February 1918.
72. PA: BBK/C/261.
73. The Times, 2 December 1916, p. 9.
74. Hankey, II, p. 565.
75. Wilson, p. 205.
76. Roskill, I, p. 323.
77. For the Marconi scandal see Heffer, AD, pp. 573–95.
78. Stevenson F., p. 130.
79. PA: BBK/C/220; Taylor II, p. 99; Beaverbrook I, I, p. 75.
80. Davidson, p. 43; Blake, p. 315.
81. Petrie, II, p. 57.
82. Hammond, p. 203.
83. Asquith, Diary, p. 307.
84. S&A, II, pp. 256–57.
85. Blake, p. 315.
86. Churchill R., p. 229.
87. Roskill, I, p. 326.
88. Asquith Papers: MS 31 f. 20.
89. Ibid., MS 32 f. 21.
90. Hankey, II, p. 568.
91. Beaverbrook I, II, p. 244.
92. See Martin Farr, ‘Winter and Discontent: The December Crises of the Asquith Coalition 1915–1916,’ Britain and the World Vol. 4 No. 1, p. 129.
> 93. S&A, II, p. 264.
94. Asquith, MR, II, p. 133.
95. RA GV/PRIV/GVD/1916: 4 December.
96. Sommer, p. 352.
97. Roskill, I, p. 327.
98. Samuel, p. 120.
99. S&A, II, p. 265.
100. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/17, letter to Sir Douglas Haig, 4 December 1916.
101. Scott, p. 248; S&A, II, pp. 266–67.
102. Blake, p. 332.
103. Gilmour, p. 457.
104. Grigg I, p. 466.
105. Young, p. 368.
106. Asquith Papers: MS Eng.d.3216, entry for 19 November 1917.
107. Asquith C., p. 241. Lady Cunard – known as ‘Emerald’ – was a leading society hostess.
108. Ibid., p. 242.
109. RA GV/PRIV/GVD/1916: 5 December.
110. Blake, p. 336.
111. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/K/1048A/1.
112. Ibid
113. PA: BL/81/1/1.
114. Martin Farr, op. cit., p. 137.
115. Ibid., p. 139.
116. Adams II, p. 239.
117. Lee, p. 162.
118. Grigg I, p. 475.
119. Thompson II, p. 115.
120. PA: BL 81/1/36.
121. McKinstry, p. 522.
122. Samuel, p. 124.
123. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 35.
124. Peter Fraser, ‘Lord Beaverbrook’s Fabrications in Politicians and the War, 1914–1916’, The Historical Journal, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 151–52.
125. Riddell, p. 230.
126. Webb, III, p. 270.
127. Ibid., p. 271.
128. The Times, 7 December 1916, p. 9.
129. Ibid., 9 December 1916, p. 9.
130. Davidson, p. 45.
131. The Times, 9 December 1916, p. 6.
132. Stevenson F., p. 134.
133. Young, p. 372.
134. PA: BL 81/1/36.
135. Hankey, II, p. 570.
136. Keynes, p. 133.
137. Trevelyan, p. 333.
138. Riddell, p. 228.
139. S&A, II, p. 286.
140. Hankey, II, p. 573.
141. Ibid., p. 575.
142. Taylor I, p. 73.
143. BL Add MS 49831 f. 249.
144. The Times, 9 December 1916, p. 10.
145. Wilson, p. 206.
146. Ibid., p. 208.
147. Ibid., p. 212.
148. Thompson I, p. 263.
149. Daily Mail, 9 December 1916, p. 1.
150. Blake, p. 343.
151. Riddell, p. 213.
152. Ibid., p. 230.
153. Hansard (Lords), Vol. 23 col. 922.
154. Riddell, p. 243.
155. Grigg I, p. 484.
156. Hankey, II, p. 579.
157. S&A, II, p. 279.
158. Grigg II, p. 183.
159. Riddell, p. 231.
160. Hankey, II, p. 594.
161. Lloyd II, p. 22.
162. Robertson, I, p. 286
163. Ibid., p. 287.
164. Hankey, II, pp. 595–96.
165. See Heffer, AD, pp. 594–95 and 701–2.
166. Kerry, p. 269.
167. Newton, p. 455.
168. Boothby, p. 18.
169. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/17, diary entry for 1 January 1917.
170. PA: LG/F/29/1/2.