by Simon Heffer
171. Repington, I, p. 412.
172. PA: LG/F/29/1/6.
173. PA: BL 81/1/67.
174. Hansard, Vol. 88 col. 796.
175. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/733378/Civil-Service-Workforce-Headline-Statistics-March-2018.pdf.
176. Thompson II, p. 124.
177. Haig, p. 186.
178. Nicolson II, p. 294.
179. The Times, 13 December 1916, p. 11.
180. Hankey, II, p. 599.
181. Hansard, Vol. 88 col. 1333.
182. Ibid., col. 1338.
183. Ibid., cols 1340–41.
184. Ibid., col. 1341.
185. Ibid., col. 1342.
186. Ibid., col. 1343.
187. Ibid., col. 1346.
188. Ibid., col. 1347.
189. Ibid., col. 1348.
190. Ibid., col. 1350.
191. Ibid., col. 1352.
192. AP, p. 192. Wolfe would become a celebrated, if minor, poet of the inter-war years.
193. Hansard, Vol. 88 col. 1353.
194. Petrie, II, p. 65.
195. Hansard, Vol. 88 col. 1354.
196. Ibid., cols 1356–57.
197. Ibid., col. 1357.
198. Ibid., col. 1358.
199. Ibid., col. 1359.
200. Ibid., cols 1359–60.
201. The Times, 20 December 1916, p. 9.
202. Asquith Papers: MS Eng.d.3215, entry for 28 May 1917.
Chapter 8: Dictatorship
1. The Times, 7 March 1917, p. 17.
2. Hansard, Vol. 90 col. 38.
3. Ibid., col. 46.
4. PA: BBK/C/218a.
5. Hankey, II, p. 664.
6. NA: CAB 23/1: Minutes of meeting 20 of the War Cabinet, 27 December 1916.
7. Stevenson F., p. 138.
8. Haig, p. 192.
9. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/18, diary entry for 20 March 1917.
10. Haig, p. 200.
11. Ibid., p. 201.
12. Ibid., p. 204.
13. Ibid., p. 205.
14. RA GV/PRIV/GVD/1917: 1 March.
15. Haig, p. 126; Stevenson F., p. 147.
16. Haig, p. 203.
17. Robertson, II, p. 203.
18. Churchill R., p. 256.
19. Hansard, Vol. 91, col. 1755.
20. The Times, 9 March 1917, p. 9.
21. Hankey, II, p. 526.
22. Hansard, Vol. 91 col. 1754.
23. Ibid., cols 1758–59.
24. Ibid., col. 1760.
25. Ibid., col. 1764.
26. Ibid., col. 1765.
27. Ibid., col. 1798.
28. Ibid., col. 1803.
29. Ibid., col. 1807.
30. Brown, p. 84.
31. Thompson I, p. 273.
32. Hankey, II, p. 654.
33. Haig, p. 240.
34. Riddell, p. 249.
35. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 60.
36. Ibid., p. 59.
37. Stevenson F., p. 158.
38. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/19, letter to Sir Douglas Haig, 30 May 1917.
39. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 67; and see Heffer, AD, p. 808.
40. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 68.
41. Ibid., p. 69.
42. Ibid., p. 72.
43. Ibid., p. 74.
44. Ibid., p. 76.
45. Blake, p. 361.
46. Beaverbrook II, p. xiii.
47. Churchill R., p. 281.
48. Wilson, p. 220.
49. Grigg II, p. 193.
50. Beaverbrook II, p. 139.
51. Wilson, p. 221.
52. Gilbert, IV(C), I, p. 101.
53. Riddell, p. 257.
54. Renwick, p. 126.
55. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/20, letter to Lord Murray of Elibank, 28 July 1917.
56. Scott, p. 296.
57. Riddell, p. 291.
58. BL Add MS 62253 ff. 118–119.
59. Thompson I, p. 291.
60. Ibid., p. 293.
61. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/18, diary entry for 4 February 1917.
62. Searle, p. 310(n).
63. The Times, 4 June 1917, p. 9.
64. Ibid., 8 August 1917, p. 7.
65. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/19, diary entry for 9 June 1917.
66. NA: CAB 23/2: Minutes of meeting 122 of the War Cabinet, 18 April 1917, Appendix 3.
67. Davidson, p. 279.
68. Hansard (Lords), Vol. 26 col. 835.
69. Ibid., col. 837.
70. Ibid., col. 839.
71. Thompson II, p. 124.
72. Chitty, p. 240.
73. S&W, p. 101.
74. Ibid., p. 102.
75. The Times, 23 February 1917, p. 6.
76. NA: CAB 23/1: Minutes of meeting 71 of the War Cabinet, 17 February 1917.
77. Hansard, Vol. 90 col. 110.
78. See Heffer, AD, pp. 77-82.
79. Hansard, Vol. 92 col. 2455.
80. Ibid., col. 2252.
81. Ibid., col. 2456.
82. Stevenson I, p. 375.
83. PA: BBK/C/85.
84. Lee, p. 168.
85. Hankey, II, p. 643.
86. Hankey, II, pp. 639–40.
87. Stevenson II, p. 69.
88. E&H, p. 190.
89. Bilton, p. 92.
90. Riddell, p. 243.
91. For details of Devonport, see Heffer, AD, pp. 594–95 and 701–2.
92. The Times, 19 February 1917, p. 9.
93. Ibid., 19 April 1917, p. 3.
94. NA: CAB 23/1: Minutes of meeting 42 of the War Cabinet, 23 January 1917, Appendix 1.
95. The Times, 14 June 1918, p. 3.
96. Ibid., 31 March 1917, p. 3.
97. Ibid., 20 April 1917, p. 3.
98. Ibid., 26 April 1917, p. 9.
99. E&H, p. 194.
100. NA: CAB 23/2: Minutes of meeting 99 of the War Cabinet, 19 March 1917.
101. NA: CAB 23/2: Minutes of meeting 151 of the War Cabinet, 30 May 1917.
102. Stevenson F., p. 157.
103. Riddell, p. 253.
104. Ibid., p. 254.
105. The Times, 17 November 1916, p. 12.
106. Grigg II, p. 396.
107. The Times, 18 June 1917, p. 9.
108. Ibid., 6 August 1917, p. 4.
109. Ibid., 5 September 1917, p. 5.
110. Ibid., 3 October 1917, p. 3.
111. Ibid., 7 September 1917, p. 8.
112. Ibid., 8 September 1917, p. 8.
113. Ibid., 12 September 1917, p. 3.
114. Ibid., 5 December 1917, p. 5.
115. PA: LG/F/29/1/50.
116. PA: LG/F/29/1/51.
117. E&H, p. 217.
118. NA: CAB 23/4: Minutes of meeting 297 of the War Cabinet, 13 December 1917.
119. The Times, 19 December 1917, p. 7.
120. Ibid., 8 January 1918, p. 8.
121. Ibid., 4 January 1918, p. 7.
122. Stevenson I, p. 377.
123. Grigg II, p. 400.
124. Stevenson I, p. 377.
125. The Times, 14 January 1918, p. 3.
126. Retrieved from https://punch.photoshelter.com/image/I0000TwvicTvztfo.
127. Hansard (Lords), Vol. 29 col. 143.
128. Ibid., col. 144.
129. Ibid., col. 147.
130. The Times, 8 December 1917, p. 5.
131. Ibid., 22 December 1916, p. 5.
132. Ibid., 30 March 1917, p. 7.
133. Ibid., 5 April 1917, p. 3.
134. Ibid., 23 April 1917, p. 5.
135. Ibid., 5 April 1917, p. 3.
136. Ibid., 13 April 1917, p. 3.
137. Ibid., 20 April 1917, p. 3.
138. Ibid., 25 April 1917, p. 9.
139. Ibid., 1 May 1917, p. 3.
140. Dilks, p. 210.
141. NA: CAB 23/1: Minutes of meeting 39 of the War Cabinet, 19 January 1917.
142. The Times, 7 February 1917, p. 9.
143. Riddell, p.
239.
144. Hansard, Vol. 90 col. 143.
145. Dilks, p. 230.
146. The Times, 27 August 1917, p. 6.
147. Hansard, Vol. 90 col. 917.
148. Ibid., col. 916.
149. The Times, 15 November 1917, p. 5.
150. Hansard, Vol. 90 col. 924.
151. Ibid.
152. Ibid., col. 1498.
153. Dilks, p. 237.
154. NA: CAB 23/3: Minutes of meeting 185 of the War Cabinet, 13 July 1917.
155. NA: CAB 23/4: Minutes of meeting 231 of the War Cabinet, 12 September 1917, Appendix 1.
156. The Times, 17 July 1917, p. 3.
157. Ibid., 3 May 1917, p. 9.
158. NA: CAB 23/1: Minutes of meeting 65 of the War Cabinet, 14 February 1917, Appendix 3.
159. The Times, 12 March 1917, p. 5.
160. Ibid., 22 January 1917, p. 9.
161. Ibid., 27 January 1917, p. 3.
162. Ibid., 22 January 1917, p. 10.
163. Webb, III, p. 279.
164. Woodward, p. 193.
165. Hankey, II, p. 678.
166. Stevenson II, p. 183.
167. Haig, p. 239.
168. Stevenson II, p. 187.
169. Haig, p. 240.
170. Stevenson II, p. 183.
171. Robertson, I, p. 184.
172. Ibid., II, p. 248.
173. Hankey, II, p. 684.
174. Riddell, p. 261.
175. Ibid., p. 273.
176. Lloyd II, p. 133.
177. The Times, 15 August 1917, p. 3.
178. Haig, p. 251.
179. Lloyd II, p. 134.
180. Haig, pp. 251–52.
181. Grigg II, p. 225.
182. Wilson, p. 232; Haig, p. 254.
183. Haig, p. 253.
184. Ibid., p. 254.
185. Hankey, II, p. 697.
186. Blake, p. 362.
187. Riddell, p. 273.
188. Lloyd II, p. 224.
189. Haig, p. 259.
190. Callwell, II, p. 18.
191. Hankey, II, p. 713.
192. Haig, p. 261; Stevenson II, p. 203.
193. DeGroot I, p. 346.
194. Haig, p. 263.
195. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/20, diary entry for 10 November 1917.
196. Amery, p. 179.
197. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/20, diary entry for 13 November 1917.
198. DeGroot I, p. 348.
199. Haig, p. 267.
200. DeGroot I, p. 349.
201. Hankey, II, p. 728.
202. Haig, p. 274.
Chapter 9: Attrition
1. NA: CAB 23/2: Minutes of meeting 130 of the War Cabinet, 2 May 1917.
2. Hynes, pp. 174–75.
3. Ibid., p. 175.
4. Hansard, Vol. 90 col. 340.
5. Ibid., col. 342.
6. Ibid., col. 344.
7. Ibid., col. 350.
8. Ibid., col. 698.
9. Postgate, p. 164.
10. Hansard, Vol. 90 col. 701.
11. Ibid., col. 702.
12. Ibid., col. 704.
13. The Times, 30 June 1917, p. 8.
14. Ibid., 2 July 1917, p. 6; 17 July 1917, p. 3.
15. NA: CAB 23/3: Minutes of meeting 201 of the War Cabinet, 1 August 1917.
16. The Times, 2 August 1917, p. 7.
17. Amery, p. 166.
18. The Times, 13 August 1917, p. 7.
19. NA: CAB 23/3: Minutes of meeting 211 of the War Cabinet, 10 August 1917.
20. The Times, 13 August 1917, p. 7.
21. Webb, III, p. 285.
22. Scott, p. 317; The Times, 11 February 1918, p. 3.
23. McKibbin, p. 96.
24. The Times, 19 October 1917, p. 7.
25. Russell, II, p. 17.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid., p. 18.
28. Ibid., p. 19.
29. Morrell II, pp. 67–68.
30. Russell, II, p. 21.
31. Robertson, I, p. 313.
32. Ibid., p. 314.
33. Stevenson I, p. 464.
34. Kerry, p. 283.
35. Ibid., p. 284.
36. Ibid., p. 285.
37. Ibid., pp. 285–86.
38. Ibid., p. 288.
39. Ibid., p. 289.
40. Riddell, p. 296.
41. Ibid., p. 297; Thompson I, p. 294.
42. Haste, p. 174.
43. The Times, 30 November 1917, p. 9.
44. Riddell, p. 298.
45. Asquith Papers: MS.Eng.d.3216, diary entry for 29 November 1917.
46. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/20, diary entry for 29 November 1917.
47. Ibid.: ESHR 2/21, diary entry for 3 December 1917.
48. Newton, p. 472.
49. Ibid., pp. 472–73.
50. Kerry, p. 290.
51. Blake, p. 364.
52. The Times, 7 January 1918, p. 7.
53. Brock Millman, ‘HMG and the War against Dissent, 1914–18’, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 40 No. 3, p. 429.
54. Stevenson F., p. 159.
55. RA GV/PRIV/GVD/1917: 15 March.
56. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/1067/M/20.
57. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/1067/M/29.
58. Nicolson II, p. 301; The Times, 21 April 1917, p. 9.
59. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/1067/M/26.
60. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/1067/M/51.
61. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/1067/M/52.
62. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/O/1106/1. See also Heffer, AD, pp. 193–94.
63. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/1067/M/61.
64. Nicolson II, p. 302.
65. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/1067/M/61.
66. NA: CAB 23/2: Minutes of meeting 118 of the War Cabinet, 13 April 1917.
67. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/1067/M/65.
68. Hansard, Vol. 92 col. 2566.
69. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/1067/M/69.
70. RA GV/PRIV/GVD/1918: 25 July.
71. Asquith Papers: MS Eng.d.3215, entry for 16 July 1917.
72. Nicolson II, p. 308.
73. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/O/1153/320.
74. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/O/1153/346.
75. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/O/1153/251.
76. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/O/1153/252.
77. Nicolson II, p. 310.
78. RA PS/PSO/GV/C/O/1153/354.
79. RA GV/PRIV/GVD/1917: 17 July.
80. Asquith Papers: MS Eng.d.3215, entry for 21 July 1917.
81. Nicolson II, p. 310.
82. Charman, p. 90.
83. Churchill R., p. 273.
84. Esher Papers: ESHR 2/19, diary entry for 19 May 1917.
85. NA: CAB 23/2: Minutes of meeting 115 of the War Cabinet, 6 April 1917.
86. The Times, 4 April 1917, p. 6.
87. Ibid., 12 May 1917, p. 6.
88. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/workplacedisputesandworkingconditions/articles/labourdisputes/2017#historical-context.
89. Grigg II, p. 112.
90. The Times, 2 June 1917, p. 3.
91. Ibid., 22 June 1917, p. 3.
92. Ibid.
93. The Times, 6 July 1917, p. 7.
94. Millman, op. cit., p. 436.
95. NA: CAB 23/3: Minutes of meeting 218 of the War Cabinet, 18 August 1917.
96. NA: CAB 23/4: Minutes of meeting 275 of the War Cabinet, 16 November 1917.
97. The Times, 25 September 1917, p. 9.
98. NA: CAB 23/4: Minutes of meeting 240 of the War Cabinet, 27 September 1917.
99. Stevenson I, p. 370, p. 372.
100. Hansard, Vol. 84 col. 190.
101. Adams II, p250.
102. Ibid., Vol. 95 cols 1493–94.
103. NA: CAB 23/2: Minutes of meeting 115 of the War Cabinet, 6 April 1917, Appendix 1.
104. The Times, 7 March 1917, p. 7.
105. Stevenson I, p. 371.
106. Hansard, Vol. 95 col. 1529.
107. Ibid., col. 1495.
108. Ibid., col. 1501.
109. Ibid., col. 1530.
110. The Times, 5 July 1917, p. 7.
111. Ibid., 23 May 1917, p. 7.
112. Repington, II, pp. 3–4.
113. Ibid., p. 5.
114. Hansard, Vol. 92 col. 2131.
115. Ibid., col. 2136.
116. Ibid., col. 2142.
117. Ibid., col. 2144.
118. Ibid., col. 2161.
119. Ibid., col. 2162.
120. Ibid., col. 2163.
121. NA: CAB 23/1: Minutes of meeting 59 of the War Cabinet, 8 February 1917, Appendix 2.
122. The Times, 30 July 1917, p. 3.
123. Ibid., 1 June 1917, p. 3.
124. NA: CAB 23/3: Minutes of meeting 154 of the War Cabinet, 5 June 1917.
125. The Times, 9 July 1917, p. 9.
126. NA: CAB 23/3: Minutes of meeting 180 of the War Cabinet, 10 July 1917.
127. Riddell, p. 254.
128. Robertson, II, p. 17.
129. Hansard, Vol. 95 col. 1703.
130. The Times, 23 July 1917, p. 3.
131. Stevenson II, p. 186.
132. The Times, 3 October 1917, p. 3.
133. NA: CAB 23/4: Minutes of meeting 262 of the War Cabinet, 1 November 1917.
134. Wilson, p. 239.
135. NA: CAB 23/5: Minutes of meeting 333 of the War Cabinet, 29 January 1918.
136. Hansard, Vol. 83 col. 301.
137. Ibid., Vol. 90 col. 446.
138. Ibid., col. 1103.
139. The Times, 8 July 1916, p. 5.
140. Bell Q., II, p. 36.
141. Hansard, Vol. 92 col. 2073.
142. Ibid., col. 2091.
143. The Times, 15 February 1917, p. 9; and see Heffer, HM, pp. 534–35.
144. The Times, 22 February 1917, p. 3.
145. Ibid., 28 February 1917, p. 3.
146. Ibid., 1 March 1917, p. 5.
147. Hansard, Vol. 92 col. 2075.
148. The Times, 19 August 1918, p. 9.
149. E&H, p. 268.
150. The Times, 28 June 1918, p. 4.
151. Ibid., 22 August 1918, p. 3.
152. Ibid., 3 February 1916, p. 5.
153. E&H, p. 242.
154. The Times, 13 March 1916, p. 5.
155. Hansard, Vol. 82 col. 132.
156. Ibid., Vol. 107 col. 726.
157. The Times, 18 October 1916, p. 5.
158. Ibid., 24 October 1916, p. 5.
159. Ibid., 26 January 1917, p. 11.
160. Ibid., 6 November 1916, p. 5.
161. Ibid., 5 December 1916, p. 5.
162. Hansard, Vol. 90 col. 963.
163. E&H, p. 241.
164. The Times, 6 February 1917, p. 5.
165. Edith Abbott, ‘Juvenile Delinquency during the First World War: Notes on the British Experience, 1914–18’, Social Service Review, Vol. 17 No. 2, p. 195.
166. The Times, 2 August 1917, p. 4.
167. NA: CAB 23/4: Minutes of meeting 252 of the War Cabinet, 18 October 1917.
168. The Times, 12 October 1917, p. 3.
169. NA: CAB 23/4: Minutes of meeting 115 of the War Cabinet, 6 April 1917, Appendix 1.
170. The Times, 17 January 1917, p. 9.
171. Hansard, Vol. 92 col. 463.