by Simon Heffer
MacDonald, James Ramsay 71, 76, 80, 213–14, 281, 424, 484, 485, 527, 574–5, 576, 577, 580, 595, 675, 728, 772
MacDonogh, Major General Sir George 648
McGarry, John 817
McKean, John 664, 699
McKenna, Pamela 290, 307, 475–6
McKenna, Reginald: remits sentences of suffragettes 103; and aliens 108, 110; and fabrication of false news 134; assumes responsibiity of Press Bureau 136; sees deputation against women drinking 168; signs the pledge 170; suggests Northcliffe is conspiring with Lloyd George 199; hatred of Churchill 199, 223; accused of by Lloyd George of plotting against Asquith 201; believes Lloyd George is intriguing against him 208; and Fisher’s resignation 223, 224; becomes Chancellor 236; opposed to conscription 280, 294, 306, 308, 323; his budgets 286–7, 325, 600; in War Committee 296; as Lloyd George’s sworn enemy 391, 438, 450, 461, 469, 471; and Asquith 471, 472, 479, 480, 489; loses seat 772
Maclean, Sir Donald 804, 809
MacLean, John 284
McLeod, Kenneth 756
McNeile, Captain H. C. see ‘Sapper’
MacNeill, Eoin 342, 343, 347, 348–9, 352–3, 354, 357, 364, 373, 635
MacNeill, Swift 115–16, 433, 624
Macpherson, Ian 709
Macpherson, James 645
MacQuerney, William 616
Macready, General Sir Nevil 691, 719
Mahon, General Sir Bryan 685–6
Maitland, R. W. 743
Malleson, Lady Constance 424, 641
Malleson, Miles 424, 425; Two Short Plays 424
Mallet, Sir Bernard 784
Manchester 98, 142, 178, 210, 272, 289, 317, 540, 617, 735, 751; bantam battalions 178; Lloyd George’s speech (1915) 245–6, 272
Manchester Guardian 35, 88, 199, 300, 437, 578, 585, 741
Manchester Regiment 101
Manpower Distribution Board 426, 430, 593–4
Mansfield, Katherine 572
Marconi scandal (1912–13) 436, 461, 467, 480, 716
‘Marconigang’ 436, 437, 450, 451
Margate 559
Markham, Sir Arthur 80–81, 135, 272
Markievicz, Countess Constance (née Gore-Booth) 359, 367, 373, 774
Marlborough, Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of 97
Marlborough, Consuela Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of (née Vanderbilt) 168
marriages 97, 615; bigamous 122, 615, 641
Marsh, Eddie 573
Martin, Albert 771
Mary of Teck, Queen 97–8, 101, 102, 103, 111, 112, 140, 157, 226, 228, 258, 259, 263, 538, 591, 594, 610, 617, 655, 725, 754, 755, 757, 824
Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) 151, 152
Masefield, John 106
Massingham, H. W. 197, 423
Masterman, Charles 105, 106, 217, 501, 502; The Battle of the Somme 415–17
Maternity and Child Welfare Act (1918) 746–7
Matin, Le 20, 203, 583
Maurice of Battenberg, Prince 114
Maurice, General Sir Frederick 507, 647, 648, 669, 679, 680, 681, 708, 709–11, 712, 713, 714, 715–16, 737, 739, 768, 772
Maurice, Frederick Denison 507
Max of Baden, Prince 729, 754
Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico 6
Maxse, Leo 65, 436, 520, 565
Maxwell, General Sir John ‘Conky’ 362–3, 364, 366–8, 373, 374, 379, 687
MCC see Marylebone Cricket Club
Meath, Reginald Brabazon, 12th Earl of vii, 116
Mee, Arthur: The King’s England 780
Mensdorff, Count Albert von, Austrian ambassador to Britain 6, 22, 23, 28, 41–2, 50, 87
Mercer, Cecil see Yates, Dornford
merchant shipping 529, 531, 653
Merseyside 268, 783
Merthyr Tydfil 104, 105
Messines, Battle of (1917) 556
Metropolitan Police/Scotland Yard 116, 144, 220, 285, 550, 586, 597, 616, 666, 718–19, 812
Meux, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Hedworth 405, 711, 734
Meynell, Francis 572
MFGB see Miners Federation of Great Britain
Middlesbrough 752
Middlesex Regiment 101, 152
Midleton, St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of 349–50, 371–2, 630, 632, 633, 694–5
Military Service Acts (1916) 309, 310–11, 312, 325, 329–31, 580, 706, 717, 800
Mill, John Stuart: On Liberty 586
Millard, Dr 524
Milner, Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount 208, 484; included in coalition government 226–7, 242; leads Food Production Committee 286, 528; seconds call for Air Ministry 319; as successor to Kitchener 399; in Lloyd George’s War Cabinet 483, 484, 558, 561, 562; and Buchan 501; presses Lloyd George to replace Carson at the Admiralty 512; introduces Corn Production Bill 528; fears France will be an unreliable ally 555–6; criticised by Robertson 560; and Lloyd George 563, 567; agrees with Lansdowne’s letter 583; on Lloyd George–Robertson quarrel 642; and Austen Chamberlain 662; his ancestry queried by Northcliffe 667; influences Lloyd George on Supreme War Council 671, 673; and Robertson 673, 675; and Lloyd George’s rebuttal of Maurice 713, 716; and Haig’s optimism 278; against ‘humiliating’ peace terms for Germany 733; gives interview objected to by Northcliffe 740; defended by Carson 740; succeeded as war secretary by Churchill 799; appointed colonial secretary 790
Milner, Sir Frederick 213
Milroy, John 817
minefields/mine-laying, German 133, 149, 154, 160, 181
miners/mines 163, 166–7, 205–7, 270–72, 286, 313, 336–7, 426, 540, 544, 546, 552, 593, 598–9, 619, 654, 718, 750, 808, 812; see alo coal industry
Miners Federation of Great Britain (MFGB) 166–7, 206, 207, 270, 281, 426, 544, 551, 593, 653, 654, 764
Ministry of Health 543, 620, 752, 753, 793
Ministry of Labour 490, 552, 762, 801
Ministry of Munitions 231, 232, 245, 248, 249, 274, 282, 314, 326, 402, 488, 495, 511, 515, 518, 593, 594, 598, 602, 603, 604, 645, 668
Ministry of Pensions Voluntary Fund 763
Mitchell, Sir Francis 215
MO5(g) 110, 114
Moeran, E. J. (Jack) 95, 653
Mond, Sir Alfred 455, 487
Money, Sir Leo Chiozza 487, 764–5, 767
Mons, Battle of (1914) 98, 124–5, 131–2, 135, 137, 141, 418, 755
Montagu, Edwin S. 57, 120; and Venetia Stanley 120, 186, 197; as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 182, 194; urged by Mrs Asquith to marry Venetia 198, 202; and the difficulty of telling Asquith 209; and her conversion to Judaism 212; engagement announced 216; and the Derby Scheme 304, 305; as secretary to the cabinet 329; declines post as chief secretary 373; and Asquith–Lloyd George relations 391, 467, 468, 470; refuses offer of post of director of National Service 485–6, 495; becomes Secretary of State for India 517, 633, 790; on reconstruction committee 554; and Amritsar massacre 820
Montagu of Beaulieu, John Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 2nd Baron 319, 610
Montgomery, Hugh 28
Morley of Blackburn, John Morley, 1st Viscount, Lord President of the Council 37–8, 55, 61, 67, 68–9, 70, 71, 72, 83, 86, 87, 804
Morning Post 62, 98, 117, 135, 147, 200, 208, 222, 226, 236, 269, 279, 324, 343, 344, 379, 433, 435, 438, 466, 481, 482, 564, 583, 665, 666, 705–6, 709, 790, 820
Morrell, Lady Ottoline 78, 88, 105, 265, 329, 333, 336, 374, 392, 406, 407, 580, 641
Morrell, Philip 78–9, 80, 105, 333, 335, 336, 374, 406, 407, 424, 572, 720–21, 722, 804
Müller, W. G. Max, British Consul General in Budapest 28, 32
munitions industry 100, 167, 168, 194, 202–3, 204, 205, 206, 208, 210–11, 220, 232–3, 234–5, 247, 248–9, 279–80, 313, 315–16, 337–8, 434, 453, 550, 553, 594, 596; female workers 207, 235, 275, 285, 317, 331, 754, 778; factory explosions 235, 338, 553, 683–4; pay 598, 654; and Armistice 754, 756–7; postwar 797, 798
Munitions of War Act (19195) 235, 270, 274, 282
Murray, Sir Archibald 299
Murray, Gilbert 42, 267; Can War Ever Be Right 26
7
Murray of Elibank 435–6, 450, 518, 741
Murry, John Middleton 572
music 103, 106–7, 112, 151, 262, 263, 265–7, 274, 651–3
Namur 131
Narodna Odbrana 22, 29
Nash, Paul 665
Nash, Vaughan 554
Nathan, Sir Matthew 346, 353, 365
Nation 197, 423
National Anti-Conscription Fellowship 585
National Canine Defence league 190
National Council for Civil Liberties 586
National Council of Public Morals 618
National Federation of Discharged and Demobilised Sailors and Soldiers 766
National Filling Factories 235
national health insurance 620, 745–6
National Projectile Factories 235
National Registration Act (1915) 274, 276
National Relief Fund 103
National Review 520
National Shell Factories 234–5, 683, 778
National Union of Railwaymen (NUR) 311, 597, 620, 810–11
National Union of Women Workers 247
National Volunteer Force for Home Defence 96
National War Aims Committee (NWAC) 586, 597
NCF see No Conscription Fellowship
Needlework Guild 98
Netherlands, the/Holland 27, 51, 52, 83, 86, 146, 255, 319, 577, 754, 756, 769
neurasthenia see shell shock
Neutrality League 43, 55, 92
Neuve Chapelle, Battle of (1915) 167–8, 170, 179, 195, 198, 199, 210
Nevinson, Christopher: Paths of Glory 665
New Statesman 104
New Zealand 60, 128, 182
Newbolt, Sir Henry 106, 525, 755; ‘Poetry and Patriotism’ 106; The Vigil 92–3
Newcastle-upon-Tyne 111, 116, 164, 203, 202, 204–6, 207, 209, 210, 228, 268
Newhaven 266, 269
Newmarket 151, 152, 154, 302, 602
News of the World 38, 66, 403
Nicholas II, Tsar 11, 12, 31, 34, 35, 45, 50, 56, 57, 61, 68, 104, 139, 534, 576, 587, 588, 589–90, 605
Nicoll, Sir William Robertson 326
Nicolson, Sir Arthur 7, 14, 18, 27, 32–3, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50, 52, 55, 57, 59, 62, 63–4, 68, 69, 77, 82
Niger, HMS 138
Nightingale, Florence 341, 779
Nivelle, General Robert 503, 504, 505, 507, 555, 560, 593
No Conscription Fellowship (NCF) 325, 334, 405, 406, 640
Noel, Reverend Conrad 266
Non-Combatant Corps 313
North Hampshire Golf Club 97
Northampton 111, 113, 166
Northcliffe, Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount: publishes anti-German sentiments 60, 65, 69, 77, 79; starts The Great War (periodical) 92; and Haldane 117; ‘the most powerful man in the country’ 135; and account of retreat from Mons 135, 136–7; critical of Asquith 199; angry over censorship 200–1; and Sir John French 211, 220–21; dislikes Lloyd George 211; campaigns against Asquith 219; calls for internment of enemy aliens 219; has ‘very useful’ discussion with Lloyd George 221; distrusted by him 227; puts pressure on Asquith 228, 229; attacks Kitchener 234, 239, 240, 269; relations with Lloyd George 241; campaigns for conscription 269; Churchill on 279; supports Derby Scheme 290, 302; campaigns against Asquith 291, 304, 324, 397; and Carson 294; Lloyd George seen as his creature 308, 312, 317; attacked by Simon 315; advises Derby on air defences 318–19; and Fisher’s return 321; angry at ‘men doing women’s work’ 325; and food shortages 338; ‘a public danger’ 397; and Milner 399; and Lloyd George’s appointment as secretary of war 401, 403; secures him an interview with United Press of America 436, 437; exposes Lloyd George’s interference in his job 438; out to destroy Lloyd George 459, 461, 463; and Asquith’s new War Committee 465–6; believed by Asquith to be intriguing against him with Lloyd George 470–71, 477; relationship with Lloyd George 478, 479, 480, 482, 518, 520; and Balfour’s appointment as foreign secretary 485; stays out of Lloyd George’s administration 486; advises him on ‘new men’ 487; accused of wanting to destroy Parliament 491; despises Churchill 508; turns on Carson 512; and Jellicoe’s resignation 513; on unpopularity of Lloyd George’s government 514; house bombed by the Germans 519; heads war mission to USA 512, 519–20; offered viscountcy 520; and the King 520; demands rationing 525, 531; attacks Neville Chamberlain 550, 551; and Lansdowne’s letter 583–4; helps Daily Express stay in business 586; and Haig 643; attacks Robertson 657; and Repington 658, 665; oversees foreign propaganda 659, 662, 664, 735–6; pioneers aviation 664; demands further round-ups of aliens 667; forms Alien Committee 668; and Robertson 675, 677, 704; and Austen Chamberlain 708; supports Lloyd George in Maurice debate 715; pessimistic about the war 728; calls for Germany’s unconditional surrender 733; told to ‘go to Hades’ by Lloyd George 733; attacked by Carson 739–40; and general election 772; worried that too many of the Tory ‘Old Gang’ are still in power 788; supports Churchill’s demobilisation strategy 803; savaged by Lloyd George 821–2; see also Northcliffe press
Northcliffe, Mary Harmsworth, Viscountess (née Milner) 98
Northcliffe press 110, 113, 135, 228, 237, 255, 262, 269, 278, 279, 287, 291, 293, 315, 398, 478, 481, 571–2, 657, 661, 663, 664, 666; see also Daily Mail; Times, The; Weekly Dispatch
Northumberland, Alan Percy, 8th Duke of 233
Northumberland Fusiliers 101
Norway 41, 83, 86, 319
Novello, Ivor: Keep The Home Fires Burning 106–7
nurses 778, 781
Oakeshott, Walter 525
O’Brien, James 356
O’Brien, William 688
Observer 66, 305
O’Connor, T. P. 342, 377–8, 379, 427, 625–6
Odham’s printing works, London 611
O’Dwyer, Edward, Bishop of Limerick 348, 349
O’Dwyer, Sir Michael 819, 820
O’Farrell, Elizabeth 364
O’Flanagan, Father Michael 625, 774
O’Grady, James 596
‘Old Contemptibles’ 140, 142
Oldham 209
Oliver, Rear Admiral Sir Henry 445
Ollivant, Lt Colonel A. H. 144
Olympic, RMS 137
Order of St John 621
Orlando, Vittorio 771, 820
Ormsby-Gore, William 673
Orpen, Sir William 665
Osborne, Gladys 419
Ottoman Empire/Turks 5, 73, 82, 182–4, 187, 192, 193, 201, 301, 314, 491, 561, 562, 576, 582, 671, 728, 729, 731, 732; see also Dardanelles; Gallipoli
Outhwaite, Robert 81
Overend, Gurney & Co. 62
Owen, Wilfred 262, 573, 758; ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ 573; Dulce et Decorum Est 758
Oxford University 106, 107, 254
Oxfordshire Hussars 136
pacifism/pacifists 36, 68, 78, 80, 104, 105, 245, 266, 286, 305, 311, 404, 407, 424, 425, 438, 472, 479, 554, 574, 576–7, 578, 579, 580, 581, 585–6, 593, 605, 651, 717, 804, 805
Page, Walter Hines, American ambassador to Britain 86
Painlevé, Paul 567
painting 264–5
Pal, Dr Satya 819
Palestine 183, 314, 521, 563, 658, 681, 728
Pall Mall Gazette 223, 737
pals’ battalions 100–1
Pankhurst, Christabel 103, 104, 144
Pankhurst, Emmeline 103, 274, 623
Pankhurst, Sylvia 749
Papen, Franz von 342
Paris 139, 144, 149, 563, 576–7, 581, 583, 703, 821, 824
Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act (1918) 768
Parmoor, Charles Cripps, 1st Baron 345
Parnell, Charles 363
Parr, John 131, 755
Parry, Sir Hubert 80, 95–6, 266, 267, 651, 652, 653, 752; ‘The Chivalry of the Sea’ 652; Fifth Symphony 652; ‘Jerusalem’ 266–7, 268, 652; Songs of Farewell 266, 652; Symphonic Variations 652
Passchendaele 94, 552, 558, 560, 711
Payot, General Charles 798
Pearse,
Patrick 346, 349, 353, 354, 355, 356, 358, 363, 364, 367
Pearson, Sir Arthur 621
Pease, Joseph 132
Peel, Sir Robert 436
Peel, William Peel, 1st Earl 805
Penrose-Fitzgerald, Admiral Charles Cooper 142–3
Percy, Alan Percy, Earl (later 8th Duke of Northumberland) 584
Pershing, General John J. 703
Pétain, Marshal Philippe 679
Peto, Basil 746
petrol shortages 154, 317, 525, 603, 785
Pigou, Professor A. C. 334
pigs 541, 648; feeding 455, 525, 530, 571, 648
Pinero, Arthur 263
Pitt, William, the Younger 144, 158, 310
Plebs League 595
Plessen, Baron Leopold von 668
Plowman, Max: A Subaltern on the Somme 574
Plumer, General Sir Herbert 672, 796
Plunkett, Count George 392–3, 625
Plunkett, Sir Horace 365, 390–91, 632–3, 686, 691–2, 695, 702, 756, 818
Plunkett, Joseph 347, 348, 349, 356, 392, 429
Plymouth, Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of 591
poetry/poets 92–3, 138, 259–61, 262, 266, 414–15, 425, 555, 573, 650–51, 758
Poincaré, Raymond 9, 15, 26, 30, 41, 48, 53, 58, 61
poison gas 214–15, 238, 254; British use of 288
police 150; see also Metropolitan Police
Ponsonby, Arthur 79–80; Falsehood in Wartime … 80
poppies 780
Port Talbot Steel Company 232
Portland, William Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of 97, 748
postage stamps 656
Press Bureau 115, 134, 191, 256, 431, 501
Primrose, Neil 520–21
Pringle, William 81, 490, 501, 645, 664, 737–8
prisoners of war: British 112, 133, 190, 396, 725, 757, 770; German 118, 255, 332, 410, 416, 449, 530, 548, 598, 641, 727, 728
prisons 615
profiteering 163, 232, 494, 534, 813; food 206, 207, 454, 531, 535, 536, 576; brewers 596, 597, 656
propaganda 134–5, 137
prostitution 611–12, 613, 614
Prothero, Rowland 526–8, 537, 547, 548
public schoolboys 18, 95, 100, 418, 779; see also Eton School
Punch (magazine) 541–2
Quakers 640, 804
Queensberry, John Douglas, 9th Marquess of 446
Quintinshill rail disaster (1915) 242
railways/railway workers 72–3, 166, 242, 285, 311, 439–40, 544, 552, 597, 602, 649, 650, 719, 749–50, 770, 797, 808, 814; worst British disaster 242
Ramsgate 606, 610