by Simon Heffer
Rapallo, Italy 564
Rattigan, Terence: The Winslow Boy 446
Rawlinson, General Sir Henry 677, 797
Rayleigh, John Strutt, 3rd Baron 245
Reading, Berksire 93
Reading, Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of, Lord Chief Justice 49, 113, 223, 244, 307, 382, 435, 467, 468, 629
Red Cross: American 217; British 109, 191, 263, 264, 297, 331, 431, 490, 621
Redmond, John: and Home Rule 53, 123, 124, 342, 346; and threat of civil war 76, 126; and split in Nationalist Volunteers 342–3, 344; and Sinn Féin 127, 363, 369; calls for Irish brigade 145; objects to Carson’s inclusion in coalition government 236, 345–6; declines to serve 236–7; pro conscription 311; takes the salute of National Volunteers 345; and recruitment 348; receives warnings of rebellion 350; and Easter Rising 364, 368, 369, 370; vetoes Lord Robert Cecil 373; Lloyd George mediates between him and Carson 376; and Home Rule 377–8, 380, 381, 386–7, 387–8, 380, 627–8, 629; and Lansdowne 385–6; against conscription 427; attacks the government 428; and Duke 390, 429; rejects partition 630; agrees to convention 630; hustled in Cork 633; blamed by Dillon for election defeat 774; death and funeral 687
Redmond, Major William 631, 634
Reichspost 19
Reims, France 110, 138, 139, 143
Rents and Mortgage Interest Restriction Bill (1915) 285–6, 792–3
Repington, Lt Colonel Charles à Court: calls for Kitchener to become Secretary of State 71; and Haldane 99; hears from Kitchener that BEF needs reinforcements 132; reports on shell shortage (the Shell Scandal) 220–21, 228, 229, 230, 240, 249; and Lloyd George 293, 420; and Sir John French 299; and recruitment 326, 336–7, 426; on public acceptance of casualties 417; and Lloyd George and Robertson 438; and Aitken 489; colludes with Haig 557; has building repairs 603; his articles are rewritten by Dawson 657–8; resigns from The Times 658; moves to Morning Post 665; prosecuted by Lloyd George 665–6; criticises Lloyd George’s plan to fight the Turks 669, and the War Cabinet 680; accuses Lloyd George of misleading Parliament 690–91, and failing to supply Army needs 705–6; and Maurice 710, 712
Representation of the People Act (1918) 625, 734
Reuter, Rear Admiral Ludwig von 823
Reynold’s News 66, 468, 737
RFC see Royal Flying Corps
Rhodes, Cecil 418
Rhondda, David Thomas, 1st Viscount 534–7, 538, 539–40, 541, 542–4, 593, 620, 649, 764
Ribblesdale, Thomas Lister, 4th Baron 660
Ribot, Alexandre 561, 567
RIC see Royal Irish Constabulary
Richardson, Sir Albion 805
Ricketts, Oscar Gristwood 333
Riddell, Sir George 38; relations with Lloyd George 179, 200, 244, 397, 438, 439, 480, 694; on Law 224; arranges for Runciman to meet miners’ leader 270, 271; critical of Northcliffe 312, 438; on Frances Stevenson 403; and Churchill 518; warned by Carson of food shortages 529; tells Lloyd George of sugar queues 533–4; foresees confrontation between Lloyd George and the generals 562; and Burnham 583; warns Lloyd George of a grim year ahead 643; and Northcliffe 736; in conspiracy to buy Daily Chronicle 737; quotes MacDonald 76, Seely 95, Lloyd George 179, 279, 292, 326, 378, 420, 446, 483–4, 513, 520, 547, 682, 694, 734, 770, Northcliffe 199, 241, Lady Lyttelton 223, Churchill 231, 412, 443–4, Long 386, Smuts 559, Beaverbrook 659
Riezler, Kurt 10
Rivers, William Halse R. 573, 783
Roberts, Frederick Roberts, Field Marshal Earl 127–8
Robertson, John 648–9
Robertson, Field Marshal Sir William (‘Wullie’) 297; and Sir John French 129, 298; and Haig 194, 297, 299; as CIGS 399, 306; and need for conscription 306, 308, 324, 326, 328, 337; on the Easter Rising 360; his advice relied on by War Committee 395; and Kitchener 398; praises Lloyd George 399; and Lloyd George’s appointment as secretary of war 400–1, 402; and Somme offensive 408–9, 412, 421; and Lloyd George’s interference 402, 438, 439; refuses to go to Russia 439; contemptuous of Lansdowne’s paper on the war 440; on Asquith and the War Committee 447; clashes with Lloyd George 450, 486–7, 491, 503; furious at not being consulted about Nivelle plan 505–6; and the King 507; and the inefficient state of the Admiralty 512; and need for further recruitment 544, 546; considers disabled soldiers 554; and failure of Nivelle offensive 555; commits with Haig to Western campaign 556–7, 560; opposes Lloyd George’s ideas for Italian offensive 560–61; offers Derby his resignation 562–3; and Lloyd George’s attempts to force him out 563,565, 567; and French’s report 563–4; and the Supreme War Council 565; suspected of intriguing against Lloyd George 565, 566; and stories of German ‘corpse factory’ 571; on injustices of recruitment 580; and defence against German bombing raids 608–9; further clashes with Lloyd George over troop numbers 642; attacked by Northcliffe 643, 657, 658, 660, 664; Lloyd George wants to replace with Sir Henry Wilson 646, 647, 648, 657; dismayed by Haig’s political stupidity 647; falls out with Lloyd George at Supreme War Council meeting 669; refuses to work with the Council 670; forced out by Lloyd George 671–4, 675–6, 678, 692; Haig fails to support 677; and Maurice Letter 709, 710; postwar award 796; and mutiny of demobilised soldiers 802
Robinson, Albert, Archdeacon of Surrey 177
Robinson, Geoffrey see Dawson, Geoffrey
Robinson, Lt William Leefe 430–31
Rochdale: cotton workers 246–7
Rodd, Sir James Rennell 20
Romania 82, 139
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 592
Rootham, Cyril 266
Rose, J. Holland 153
Rosebery, Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of 71, 153, 477, 520, 524, 591, 592, 806
Rossa, Jeremiah O’Donovan 346, 347
Rothermere, Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount 319, 520, 661, 663, 704, 705, 768
Rowlatt Act (1919) 818–19
Royal Air Force 490, 502, 520, 567, 611, 704, 752
Royal College of Music, London 95
Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases 18, 339
Royal Flying Corps (RFC) 318, 448, 559, 563, 567, 605, 606, 607, 608, 610, 704, 772
Royal Fusiliers 101
Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) 345, 351, 352, 364, 383, 685, 691, 693–4, 700, 817
Royal Irish Rifles 101
Royal Naval Air Service 18, 567, 666, 704
Royal Naval Division 146–7, 170, 259
Royal Navy 18, 27–8, 34, 42, 49, 62, 63, 72, 83, 93, 110, 137, 145, 148, 161, 174, 180–81, 270, 319, 320–22, 347–8, 443, 684, 729; and Geddes 511–12, 513, 642; losses 133, 137–8, 145, 160, 181, 338, 361, 396–7, 529; bombers 609; blockade of Germany 707, 720; and protection of fishing fleet 720
Royal Scots 1/7th Leith Battalion 242
Royal Welch Fusiliers 573
Rubens, Paul: Your King and Your Country 103
Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria 6
Rugby School 418
Rumbold, Sir Horace 7, 8, 14, 15, 19, 20, 30, 32, 33
Runciman, Walter, President of the Board of Trade 123, 154, 176, 270, 271, 272, 280, 291, 306, 308, 451, 454–6, 463, 471, 472, 741, 748
Russell, Bertrand vi, 78, 88, 92, 95, 105, 178, 265, 325, 335–6, 405–6, 422–4, 579–80, 640–41, 756, 777; Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy 641; Principles of Social Reconstruction 580
Russell, Frank Russell, 2nd Earl 641
Russia: and prewar negotiations 1–34 passim, 37, 39–44; mobilisation 45, 46, 50, 51, 52; and Austria and Germany 48, 49, 50, 52–3, 55–6, 57–9, 61; and France 53–4, 56–7; Germany declares war on 63, 68, 73; and Britain 68, 72, 74, 79, 81, 83, 87, 104, 397, 398, 445, 561, 576; and Battles of Tannenberg and Lemberg 139; and trade 164, 173, 187, 192, 493; and Turkey 182, 183, 193, 314; and German successes 222, 301; and British Labour Party 576, 577, 578, 585, 586, 592–3, 595, 749, 807, 708; signs armistice 581; Bolshevik coup and aftermath 592, 748–9, 799, 811; cocaine users 611; exits from war 598, 643, 645, 646, 721; debt to Britain 655, 786; Lloyd George plans war in 821, 823
Russian Revolution 1, 159, 534, 5
36, 554, 555, 561, 578, 585, 587, 592, 595, 598, 629–30, 655, 702, 749, 807, 808
Rutherford, William 781–2
St Davids, John Philipps, 1st Viscount 117
St Dunstan’s (charity) 621
Salford 610
Salisbury, James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of 380–81, 436, 446, 464, 521, 522, 634, 662, 692–3
Salmond, Major General John 704
Salonica 295, 399, 438, 450, 487, 503, 555, 647, 711, 728
Samuel, Herbert 68, 149, 150, 183, 236, 365, 374, 405, 406, 429, 472, 477–8, 611, 616, 617, 726, 727, 734, 741, 772
Sanatogen 112
Sandwich, George Montagu, 9th Earl of 618
Santayana, George vi, 178, 580
‘Sapper’ (H. C. McNeile) 262–3; The Lieutenant and Others 263
Sarajevo 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 23, 25, 78, 824
Sasonov, Sergei, Russian foreign minister 26, 31, 33, 37, 43, 44, 45, 48
Sassoon, Sir Philip 682
Sassoon, Siegfried 262, 414, 425, 572, 573–4, 758, 783; Finished with the War … 572–3; The Old Huntsman 651
Saturday Post 355
Sauberzweig, General Traugott Martin von 256
Scarborough (1914) 160, 161, 162
Schlieffen, Alfred von 47; Plan 47–8, 500
Schoen, Baron Wilhelm von, German ambassador to France 40, 41, 52, 56–7, 77
Schweppes 111
Scott, C[harles] P[restwich] 35; urges government to keep out of any war 35; on Liberal Party 38, 100; and Churchill 85, 300, 513; on conscription 98, 308; on the war 98, 243; and Derby 303; and Fisher 321; on Lloyd George’s threatened resignation 326–7, 328; disgusted by ‘atmosphere of futile intrigue’ 328; on Ireland 342, 375, 686, 694, 773; on Casement 392; and Lloyd George 399, 401, 437, 468, 473, 513, 585, 646, 686, 741; and Churchill’s appointment to Munitions 518; and Henderson 578; opposed to appointments of Beaverbrook and Northcliffe 659; opposed to general election 741; quotes Lloyd George 36, 199, 231, 279, 280, 292, 294, 326, 398, 473, 519–20, 659, 694, Dillon 312, 369, 630, Asquith 322, Carson 371, T. P. O’Connor 377, Churchill 402, 409, 461, Henderson 764
Scott, Kathleen 275–6
Scott, Leslie 526
Scott, Robert Falcon 113
Scott-Gatty, Sir Alfred 591
Seely, Jack 70, 95, 311, 447
Selborne, William Palmer, 2nd Earl of 222, 378, 379, 380, 382, 524
separation allowances 102, 122, 178–9, 180, 274, 285, 330, 364, 494, 554, 603, 718, 762
Serbia/Serbs 7, 8, 10, 11, 12–13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19–21, 22–3, 24, 27, 29, 38–9, 42–3, 61, 74, 75, 82, 93, 186
‘servant problem’ 7, 246
Shaw, George Bernard 103, 104, 263, 381, 554, 764; Common Sense about the War 104, 106; Pygmalion 103–4
Shaw-Stewart, Patrick 261; ‘Achilles in the Trench’ 261
Sheehan, Captain Daniel 689–90
Sheehy-Skeffington, Francis 361, 362, 373, 374, 392
Sheehy-Skeffington, Hanna 700–1
Sheffield 203, 791
‘shell shock’ (neurasthenia) 191, 361, 573, 770, 781, 783
Shells Committee 233
Sheringham (1915) 162
Sherriff, R. C. 95; Journey’s End 95
Sherwood, Marcella 819
Sherwood Foresters 360
Shinwell, Emmanuel 809
shipbuilding/shipyards 60, 165, 171–2, 173, 174, 204, 239, 283, 306, 312, 439, 454, 511, 512, 513, 529, 537, 546, 547, 598, 644, 653–4, 750, 807, 813; see also Clydeside workers
shipowners 163
Shortt, Edward 694, 697–9, 773, 805, 817–18
Shove, Fredegond 406
Shove, Gerald 406–7
Sickert, Walter 105
Silver Badge Party 767
Silvertown, East London 540; factory explosion (1917) 235, 553–4
Simon, Sir John, Attorney General 34, 35, 38, 61, 71, 72, 85, 236, 277, 280, 305, 306, 310–11, 312, 315, 330, 466, 772
Sinha, Sir Satyendra P. 789
Sinn Féin 127, 144, 342, 343, 344, 346, 350, 351, 355, 365, 367, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 379–80, 381, 383, 390, 391, 392–3, 427, 429, 625–6, 629, 631, 632, 634, 635–6, 686, 687, 690, 692, 693, 694, 695–6, 697–8, 701, 761, 774, 816, 817, 818
Sixte, Prince of Bourbon 556
Smillie, Robert 270, 281, 426, 593
Smith, Edith 285
Smith, F. E. (later Lord Birkenhead) 64, 125, 134–6, 196, 208, 222, 278, 289, 293, 305, 327, 381–2, 420, 457, 462, 488, 517, 561, 595, 692, 787, 789, 790
Smith, George Joseph 268
Smith, Harold 135, 136
Smith-Dorrien, General Sir Horace 185
Smuts, Jan 502–3, 515, 517, 556, 559, 560, 566, 585, 676, 679, 681, 719
Snowden, Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount 268, 270, 305, 325, 333–4, 478, 605, 720, 721, 749, 772
Snowdon, Ernest 425
Socialist Labour Party 166
Socialist National Defence Committee 247–8
Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Families Association 101–2
Soloheadbeg murders 816
Somme, Battle of the (1916) 262, 330, 382, 396, 403, 407–11, 412–18, 420, 421, 422, 425–6, 432, 433, 438, 439, 448–9, 450, 456, 457, 464, 487, 493, 507, 572, 681
South Wales coalfields 206, 246, 270–72, 426, 463, 534, 552, 598–9, 654, 750, 808, 812
Southampton 268, 752, 802
Southend-on-Sea: bombing 215, 218, 559
Spears, Edward 670, 709, 710–11
Speck, Reverend Jocelyn Henry 257
Spectator 397, 658
Spee, Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von 160
Spender, J. A. 81–2, 200, 450, 564, 565
Speyer, Sir Edgar 112–13
Speyer, James 113
spies 114–15, 116, 117–18
Spillers (milling company) 207
Spindler, Karl 352
spiritualism 418–19
Sportsman, The 151–2
Stamfordham, Arthur Bigge, 1st Baron 148; on Churchill 148; loses son 254; writes to Edith Cavell’s mother 258; congratulates Simon 315; urges Lloyd George not to resign 327; ‘not a brilliant person’ 327; on Asquith 399; and Duke of Albany 433; on King’s view of Lloyd George 474; initiates conference with the King 475; on the King wanting Carson as First Lord 484; hopes for handwritten report for the King 486; and Aitken’s peerage 489; warns Derby to be ‘watchful’ where Lloyd George is concerned 506; and Haig and Nivelle’s plan 506–7; and honours lists 521, 795, 796; and Tsar’s request for asylum 587, 588, 589, 590; and the King’s name change 591, 592; and East Enders’ demand for reprisals 610; receives letter on the King’s responsibility for Ireland 630; on Lloyd George’s dissatisfaction with Army leadership 670; and Lloyd George’s attempt to remove Robertson 671–2, 675; and Rothermere’s peerage 705; and Lloyd George’s failure to consult the King over Derby 708; angry at Lloyd George’s breach of manners 766
Stanley, Sir Albert 488, 718
Stanley, Edward Stanley, Lord 766
Stanley, Venetia 44, 120–21, 144, 197–8, 200, 202, 205, 209, 212, 216, 224, 230, 244, 467, 488; Asquith’s letters to 44, 49, 61, 62, 69, 99–100, 102, 108, 112, 120, 126, 130, 131, 132, 138, 146, 147, 160, 171, 181–2, 185, 186, 188, 192, 196, 197, 199, 201–2, 208–9, 210, 212
Stanton, Charles 286, 311, 423–4
State Children’s Association 616
Stead, W[illiam] T[homas] 418
Steed, Henry Wickham 326, 822
Stevenson, Frances 200, 391, 402, 403, 461, 476, 587, 658, 824; on Lloyd George 110, 284, 314, 323, 328, 391, 458, 460, 461, 463–4, 479, 514, 629, 716; on Churchill 147, 230–31, 514, 821; on the Archbishop of Canterbury 176; on Northcliffe 312, 438, 466, 514; on food shortages 451
Stevenson, Sir James 594–5
Stockholm: conference 355, 577, 578
Stopes, Marie 614–15
Stosch, Leonora von 112, 113
Strachan, Sir Hew 87
Strachey, John St Loe 397, 658, 665
Strac
hey, Lytton 78, 105, 333, 406, 407; Eminent Victorians 333, 641
Strauss, Richard 112
Strutt, Emily 245
suffragettes 103, 538, 623
sugar trade 123, 164
Sunday Independent 353
Sunday Pictorial 93–4, 213
Sunday Times 66
Sunderland 752
Supreme War Council 562–6 passim, 581, 646; at Versailles 669–70, 673, 674; in Paris 730, 732, 733
Sussex (steamer) 338
Sutherland, George 335
Sutherland, George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of 97
Sutherland, Sir William 595, 824
Sweden 86, 194, 319; see also Stockholm
Swettenham, Sir Frank 201
Swinton, Major Ernest 137
Sydenham of Combe, George Clarke, 1st Baron 319
Talbot, Meriel 332, 548
Tannenberg, Battle of (1914) 139
Tawney, R. H. 415
taxation 158–9, 168, 174, 271, 281, 286–7, 325, 430, 599, 600, 601, 655–6; on alcohol 158, 171, 172–4, 656; postwar 786–7, 823
Taylor, A. J. P. 118, 467, 481, 758, 780
Teck, Prince Adolphus, Duke of see Cambridge, Marquess of
telephone news service 92
Tennant, Jack 142, 143, 191, 334, 375, 376
Terling, Essex 177
Territorial Army 45, 85, 91, 102, 117, 123, 130, 134, 136, 140–41, 146, 273–4, 329, 544
Territorial associations 100, 142
Thaxted, Essex 266
Thomas, Bert 665
Thomas, David Alfred 534
Thomas, Edward 262, 555; Poems 651
Thomas, James Henry 620, 810–11
Thompson, George 535–6
Thomson, Basil 116, 586
Tillett, Ben 610
Tilley, Vesta 103
Times, The: articles: on Franz Ferdinand’s death 6, 21; on ‘the servant problem’ 7; on Vienna 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 39; situation in Germany 21, 25; tells government to ignore Irish conference 21, 29; on scenes in Paris 38, 39, 49, 56; on peace in Europe 46; on the crisis 52; on German occupation of Belgium and France 54–5; praises ‘cool heads’ in Germany 60; brands gold-hoarders as wicked 62; on German advances 65; ‘the die is cast’ 69; calls for Kitchener to become secretary of war 71; on Europeans returning to the Continent 72; on appearance of King and Queen 78; prints History of the War 92, and Newbolt’s The Vigil 92–3; letter on harvesting game 97; on Haldane 99, 116–17, 187–8; on Leeds 102; on destruction of Reims cathedral 110; on arrest of aliens 111; on Prince Louis of Battenberg 114; on censorship 115; on German prisoners-of-war 118; on the retreat from Mons 135, 136; prints Binyon’s ‘For the Fallen’ 138; on Asquith 144, 146; on horse racing 153, 154; on the King’s Speech (1914) 157; on German raids 161, 162; on allowances for soldier’s wives 164–5; on Clydeside workers 165, 166, 221–2, 239; on children working 167; on Lloyd George’s alcohol policy 162; on female workers 175–6, 331; on unmarried mothers 176, 177; on illegitimate children 177–8; on the Press Bureau 191; on shipbuilding industry 204; on workmen 205; attacks Asquith’s Newcastle speech 207, 209, 210; attacked by Mrs Asquith 207–8; on conscription 212–13, 273, 278, 304–5, 324–5; on the sinking of the Lusitania 214; on rioting in London 218; on crucifixion of Canadian soldier 218; on internment of aliens 219; Repington’s article on shell shortage 220, 221; savages Churchill 225, 240; on those not in uniform 242; on ‘the Great War’ 250; publishes list of heirs to peerages killed 254; on Edith Cavell 257, 258; publishes Churchill’s appreciation of Rupert Brooke 259–60, and Brooke’s sonnets 260–61; on Jack’s The Return to the Front 264; on Parry’s Songs of Farewell 266; on the day’s casualty list 272–3; tries to remove Asquith 291, 302–3, 318, 390; on Carson’s departure 294; attacks Simon 315; praises Lloyd George’s speech 317; on recruitment in Ireland 343–4, 350; on the Easter Rising 365, 368; on Casement’s trial 382, 392; on the Battle of Jutland 397; on Milner 399–400; Russell’s claim to authorship of pamphlet against conscription 405; on casualties 410, 412, 413, 438; and Haig 415; Massingham’s letter on Russell 423; on ‘rounding up’ ‘shirkers’ 425; calls for Irish conscription 427; on grounded Zeppelin 431; on ‘Weak Methods–and Weak Men’ 463; leader on the War Council 470, 473, 481; and Lloyd George’s coup 477, 478, 479; on German peace overtures 491–2; on Lloyd George’s speech 497; on Dardanelles commission report 508; publishes Northcliffe’s letter turning down Air Ministry post 520; savages Lloyd George’s honours list 522; shrinks in size 529; on food rationing 530, 531; demands more men be sent to France 557; on lack of news from Western Front 558; on German ‘corpse factory’ 571; on Labour Party 579; and ‘Lansdowne Letter’ 583; on Wells’s letter 588; on workers’ unrest 597–8; on home defence 608; on prostitution 613; on juvenile delinquency 615–16; backs women barristers 621; calls for inquiry into Cambrai 643; on German offensive 645, 682; on ‘the pig question’ 648; on Sinn Féin 692; on Curzon 699; and Maurice 709; on strikes 718, 809; on ’flu epidemic 752, 753; on casualties 769; on Haig 771; on Edith Cavell’s funeral 781; quotes Hayes Fisher on procreation 784–5; publishes Baldwin’s letter on donating his money to the Treasury 788; on Lloyd George’s failure to promote new blood 789; on Ireland’s declaration of the republic 817; on Gandhi 819; attacked by Lloyd George 822; see also Northcliffe, 1st Viscount