Cologne, Germany, 82, 107, 122, 278–79
Communist League in, 199–200
Revolution of 1848 in, 195, 217–22, 229
Cologne Communist Trial, 107, 238, 292, 309, 312, 338, 340–41, 392, 499, 546
arrests and, 279–80
defense strategy in, 282–84
Friedrich Wilhelm IV and, 280, 283
Liebknecht and, 283–84
ramifications of, 285–86
secrecy and, 405–6
verdicts in, 284–85
Cologne Democratic Society, 227, 229, 231, 251, 271, 283
Cologne News, 79–80, 81, 88, 90, 97, 182–83
Cologne Workers’ Association, 220–21, 228, 231, 233
Comédie Française, 116
Committee to Support German Political Refugees, 246
commodity fetishism, concept of, 424–25
communism, xiv, 138, 171–72, 178–80, 274, 312, 399, 556
atheism and, 80
as form of democracy, 158
future society of, 168–70, 537–39
in German Ideology, 168–70
Marx’s first public formulation of, 123
Marx’s initial encounter with, 78–79, 96–100, 120
mode of production and, 401–2
in Paris Manuscripts, 147–48
progress and, 415
Communist Committee of Correspondence, 158, 176, 179–82
“Communist Confession of Faith” (Engels), 196
Communist Conspiracies of the Nineteenth Century, The (Stieber and Wermuth), 499
Communist League, xi, 194–200, 202, 210, 227, 272, 276, 280, 331, 335, 340, 355, 366, 515, 558
aim of, 196
in Cologne, 199–200
dissolution of, 285–86
1847 Congress of, 203
First Congress of, 199
London revival of, 245–52
March Address of 1850 and, 247–48, 249, 251–52, 282
Marx and, 196, 219–20
political program of, 249–52
schism within, 265–69, 273, 492
Second Congress of, 199
see also Cologne Communist Trial
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), xi, xii, xiii, xv, 60, 84, 99, 134, 161, 196–97, 199, 202–14, 227, 232, 264, 308, 360, 390–91, 414, 447, 448, 526, 534, 539
capitalism in, 203, 206–7, 208, 210–11
communism section of, 204–5
communist society described in, 209–10
critique of socialism in, 211–13
Engels and, 202–3, 208–11, 213
French Revolution as model in, 209, 210–11, 213
Hegelian themes in, 208–10, 212
historical review in, 203–4
“Inaugural Address” and, 390–91
nationalism in, 207–8, 230
publication of, 214
social revolution as main theme of, 202
theory of ideology in, 206–7
title of, 202–3
transition of capitalism to communism in, 210–11
True Socialists criticized in, 212–13
writing of, 202–3
Communist Party, British, 548
Compes, Gustav, 97
competition, 439, 441, 444, 461
Comte, Auguste, 399, 402
Condition of the Working Class in England, The (Engels), 139
Condorcet, Nicolas de, 450
Conflict Era, 337–38
Congress of Vienna (1814–15), 14–15, 61, 365
Conradi, Emilie Marx, 23, 344
Conradi, Johann Jacob, 344
consciousness, 392, 400
in German Ideology, 167–68
Conservative Party, British, 520, 521
Considérant, Victor, 97, 115
Constituent Assembly, Prussian, 220–21, 223–25, 231, 232
Consultative Assembly of the Papal States, 194
Contemporary Review, 503–4
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 408
Corn Laws, British, 201, 311, 450
corporations, 455–56
Courbet, Gustave, 116
Crämer, Joseph (Cherval), 275, 281-82
Crédit Mobilier, 322, 455
Crimean War, 302–6, 319, 326, 409, 413, 494, 519
Marx’s reportage of, 302–5
siege of Sevastopol in, 302, 304
Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law (Marx), 111–15, 170
Critique of Politics and Economics, A (Marx), 149, 533
Critique of Pure Reason, The (Kant), 408
Critique of the Gospel of St. John (Bauer), 62
“Critique of the Gotha Program” (Marx), 526–27, 537–38, 558
Critique of the Synoptic Gospels (Bauer), 62
Cuba, 320
Cuno, Theodor, 510–11
Cyrille (anarchist), 513
Czartoryski, Adam Jerzy, 303–4, 308
Czech Republic, 6
Dähnhardt, Marie, 165–66
Dana, Charles Anderson, 295, 299–300, 347
Daniels, Roland, 178, 199–200, 243, 279–80, 282, 284–85, 392–93, 395, 451
Dante Alighieri, 489
Darwin, Charles, xv, xvii, xix, 342, 389, 393–98, 409, 412, 416, 497, 547, 550
Darwinism, 499
atheism and, 393, 396
concept of race and, 399
doctrine of progress and, 397–98
Marxism and, 393–95
Daumier, Honoré, 116–17
Davenant, Charles, 155
De Foe, Daniel, 450
Deism, 20
democracy, 87, 158
communism as form of, 147–48
Marx’s version of, 113–15
Democratic Association Having as Goal the Union and Fraternity of All Peoples, 198–99
Democratic Society, 222
Democratic Weekly, 368
Democritus, 66–68
Demuth, Helene (Lenchen), 186, 257, 293, 297, 301, 342, 346, 350, 476, 481, 483, 491, 541, 545
illegitimate child of, 262–63, 474
Marx household and, 473–74
Demuth, Henry Frederick (Freddy), 262–63, 474
Demuth, Marianne, 301
Denmark, 229, 339–40, 353
d’Ester, Karl, 97, 230, 241
“Development of Socialism from Utopia to Wissenschaft, The” (Engels), 550
Diet, Hungarian, 194
Dietzgen, Joseph, 398
differential rent, theory of, 451–54
Dilke, Charles, 513
Disraeli, Benjamin, 310, 318, 497, 521, 522
Doctors Club, 66, 83
Dolleschall, Laurenz, 94–95
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 374
Dronke, Ernst, 246, 277
Dühring, Eugen, 395, 549–50
Dumas, Alexandre, 489
Duncker, Franz, 494
Eastern Question, 303, 308, 520
Ebner, Hermann, 275–76
Eccarius, Johann Georg, 355–56, 507–8, 514
“Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844” (Marx), 141
economics, Historical School of, 459–62, 554
Economist, The, 244, 451
Ego and Its Own, The (Stirner), 166
egoism, 166
Egypt, 524
Eichhorn, Johann, 74
Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, The (Marx), xv, 172, 238, 286–90, 336, 403, 405, 447
influences on, 289–90
postmortem on Revolution of 1848 in, 287
sales of, 290
social class in, 286–87, 399
theory of social action in, 399
writing of, 289
Elberfeld News, 375
Emmermann, Karl, 239
empiricism, 49–50, 389
Engels, Elise, 230
Engels, Friedrich, xiii–xiv, xvi, 65, 135, 144, 155, 158, 159, 162, 174, 182, 185, 246, 248, 251, 255, 258, 261, 265–66, 268, 271, 277, 286, 304, 307, 309, 312, 318, 320, 323, 330, 334, 337, 340, 345–46, 351, 352–54, 361,
365–67, 369, 374, 380, 381, 390, 393, 399–400, 404, 412, 436, 439, 458, 466, 468, 472, 484, 486, 489, 496, 500, 502, 519, 520, 524, 533–34, 540, 543
Capital edited by, 388, 420–21, 455, 462–63, 477, 483, 488, 491
Communist Manifesto and, 202–3, 208–11, 213
crisis of faith of, 137–38
in 1845 England trip of, 155–57
family background of, 137–38, 140–41
Franco-Prussian War and, 375
German Ideology and, 164–72
German labor movement and, 527–30, 532
as ghostwriter for Marx, 295, 298, 300, 302, 308
inheritance settlement of, 370
IWMA control dispute and, 506–8, 510–14, 516–17
Jenny Marx eulogized by, 541–42, 546–47
Jenny Marx’s correspondence with, 480
Marx eulogized by, 547–48
Marxism and, 550–53
Marx’s collaboration with, 139–40
Marx’s correspondence with, 136–37, 140, 189, 242, 262, 270, 273–74, 285–86, 292, 297, 301–2, 305, 313, 319, 321–22, 324, 329, 347–48, 373, 377, 394, 395, 411, 415–16, 437, 444, 445–46, 465, 469, 477, 480–83, 488, 490–91, 494, 497
Marx’s initial meeting with, 136–37
Marx’s legacy and, 549–50
Marx’s relationship with, 177–78, 273, 329, 377, 477–79, 481–82, 502
Northern Italian War and, 328–29
Pan-Slavism articles of, 412–13
as positivist, 415–18
poverty of, 187–88
private life of, 474–75, 480–82, 491
Revolution of 1848 and, 196–97, 199, 216–17, 220, 222–23, 226–27, 239–41
women’s issues and, 474–75
working method of, 490–91
Engels, Friedrich, Sr., 137, 141, 222, 230–31, 370
Enlightenment, 8, 19, 49–50, 75, 128
entropy, 417
Epicurus, 66–67, 542
Ermen & Engels, 260, 370, 486
Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (Gobineau), 409
Essence of Christianity (Feuerbach) 62, 135
Estates General, French, 209
European Democratic Central Committee, 264, 277
Evolutionary Socialism (Bernstein), 529
evolution theory, 389, 394, 412
Ewerbeck, August Hermann, 118, 135, 159–60, 184, 186, 188, 230
exchange value, 427–28, 460
Faust (Goethe), 297
Favre, Jules, 380
Fechner, Gustav, 395
Fermé (exile), 543–44
feudalism, 533
Feuerbach, Ludwig, 63, 88, 112, 119, 131, 135, 145, 149, 162–63, 165, 174, 175, 204, 210, 292, 392, 395
atheism of, 114–15
human species essence concept of, 62, 126, 147, 170–71, 176
Marx influenced by, 64–65
positivism and, 393
Stirner’s criticism of, 166–67, 170
“Final Solution to the Jewish Question,” 127
financial crisis of 2008, xiii
First International, see International Working Men’s Association
Fleury, Charles (Carl Krause), 275
Flocon, Ferdinand, 216
Fontane, Theodor, 489
Forster, Charles, 313
Fourier, Charles, 80, 99, 146, 169, 184, 212
Forwards!, 135–36, 150, 197
France, 6, 98, 124, 126, 171–72, 181, 211, 212, 214, 230, 245, 274, 288–89, 291, 321, 340, 365, 366, 448, 514, 522, 543–44
Bourbon dynasty of, 403
coup d’etat of 1851 in, 286
Crimean War and, 303–4
1839 uprising in, 156
July Monarchy of, 117, 120
labor movement in, 531–32
Marx’s expulsion from, 150–52
Orléans dynasty of, 403
Paris Commune in, see Paris Commune
Revolution of 1848 in, 193–94, 195, 216–17, 237–38, 242–43, 252
Saare Dept. of, 9–12
Trier ruled by, 7–13
see also Paris, France
Franco-German Yearbooks, 109, 111, 120–21, 126, 130, 133, 135, 139, 141, 144, 150, 155, 159, 162, 164
Marx’s articles in, 122–23, 128
Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, 326, 357, 365, 374–78, 381–82, 495, 505, 507, 508, 516, 519, 523
Frankfurt News, 497
Fraternal Democrats, 157–58, 199
of London, 197, 207, 264
Free Men, Society of, 93, 123, 138, 178
Free Press, 306
free trade, 92–93, 96, 194, 200–202, 316, 460
Freiligrath, Ferdinand, 246, 248, 254, 278, 299, 332, 465, 476–77, 485, 556
French Revolution of 1789, xiii, xv, 4, 14, 19, 60, 85–86, 124, 130, 131, 162, 168, 251, 303–4
Jacobins of, 35, 120–21, 210, 225, 229, 251, 287, 378, 555, 558
as model for future revolutions, 163–64, 176, 195–96, 209, 210–11, 213, 225, 228, 229, 527, 535, 539, 558–59
property rights in, 100–101
Reign of Terror in, 214, 225
Revolution of 1848 and, 195–96, 287–88
French Revolution of 1830, 28, 60, 125, 289
Freund, Jonas, 301
Friedrich Ebert Foundation, xiv, 64
Friedrich Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, 178
Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia, 74
Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, xvii, 74, 95, 163, 194, 206, 207–8, 231, 234, 324, 339, 352
Cologne Communist Trial and, 280, 283
death of, 337
Fröbel, Friedrich, 109
Fröbel, Julius, 109, 121, 144
“Fundamentals of Communism” (Engels), 202–3, 212
Gans, Eduard, 59–60, 69, 96, 100, 140, 208, 259
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, xix, 237, 372, 503, 549, 557
General German Workers’ Association, 353, 355, 362–63, 368–69, 525, 546
General Literacy News, 162
German-Brussels News, 197, 200, 211, 213, 216
German Confederation, 61, 107, 108
abolition of, 365–66
German Ideology, The (Marx and Engels), 154, 161, 164–73, 175, 178, 204, 558
communist society outlined in, 168–70
human consciousness in, 167–68
True Socialists criticized in, 171–72, 181
German Legion, 216–17
German Workers’ Educational Association, 26, 156–57, 196–99, 246, 247, 252, 268–70, 330–31, 507, 528–29
Germany, 124, 156, 159, 195, 212, 221, 328
reunified, xiv
Revolution of 1848 in, 216–17
see also Cologne, Germany; Trier, Germany
Germany, Imperial, 61, 523, 525, 537, 551, 554
Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution (Engels), 295
German Yearbooks, 78, 109, 390
Gladstone, William, 513, 520–21, 524
globalization, 312
Gobineau, Joseph Arthur, Comte de, 409–10
Goegg, Armand, 268
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 32, 297, 489
Göhringer, Karl, 269
Goschler, Constantin, xvii
Gospel of a Poor Sinner, The (Weitling), 179
Gospel of St. John, 10
Gottl-Ottlilienfeld, Friedrich von, 554
Gottschalk, Andreas, 219–21, 222, 228, 233, 251, 475
Grant, Ulysses S., 352
Grant Duff, Mountstuart Elphinstone, 503, 504
Great Britain, 98, 124, 144, 171–72, 212, 253, 255, 324, 359, 365, 377, 401, 434, 449, 455, 535–36
agriculture in, 523–24
alleged Russian trade manipulation of, 406–7
Chartists of, 139, 157, 307
Corn Laws of, 201, 311, 450
in Crimean War, 302–5
Egypt occupied by, 524
India ruled by, 313–18, 436, 559
Marx and politics of, 521–22
M
arx’s application for naturalization and, 495–96
Marx’s 1845 trip to, 155–57
mechanization of industry in, 432
as model of global capitalism, 436–37, 448, 493–94
Reform Bill of 1832 of, 311
Second Reform Act of 1867 of, 359, 365, 371
“Great Men of Exile, The” (Marx), 270, 277, 285, 334
Great Reform Bill of 1832, British, 311
Greeley, Horace, 295
ground rent, 437, 451–52, 453, 533
Grün, Karl, 165, 171, 189, 196, 198, 202, 212, 264, 354, 478
Marx’s clash with, 177, 181–85, 188
Grundrisse, 420–21, 424, 429–30, 438, 538
Guarantees of Freedom and Harmony (Weitling), 179
Guesde, Jules, 531
Guillaume, James, 513
Guizot, François, 150
Gumpert, Eduard, 518
Haeckel, Ernst, 396
Halle Yearbooks, 63, 78, 89
Hamlet (Shakespeare), 288
Handel, George Frideric, 495
Hansard, 296
Hansemann, David, 104, 233
Hardenberg, Karl August von, 16–17
Hatzfeldt, Raul von, 341
Hatzfeldt, Sophie Countess von, 341, 344–46, 355, 356, 361, 363
Haydn, Joseph, 495
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, xiii, 59–61, 64, 74, 85–86, 87, 91, 95, 101, 103, 126, 131, 142, 145, 168, 173–75, 323, 339, 388, 392, 394, 395, 398, 402, 409, 414, 560
Marx’s critique of, 111–15, 147, 176
philosophy of, 49–52
positivism and, 409, 416–18
Trémaux’s critique of, 396–97
Heilgers (merchant), 259
Heine, Heinrich, 61, 91, 118, 133–34, 135, 140, 171, 207, 489
Heinzen, Karl, 159, 197, 213
Hentze, Julius, 240, 275
Hep Hep riots, 17–18
Hepner, Adolf, 518
Heraclitus, 339
Herr Eugen Dühring’s Revolutionizing of Wissenschaft (Engels), 549–50
Herr Vogt (Marx), xvi, 333–34, 336–37, 340
Herwegh, Georg, 119, 121, 197, 216
Hess, Moses, xv–xvi, 80, 96, 98, 116, 120, 138, 140, 147, 154, 159–60, 169, 185, 188, 200, 202, 220, 221, 233, 251, 363, 409, 468, 476, 478, 499
Cologne News and, 81–82, 90–91
Judaism and, 133–34
Marx’s clash with, 177–81
True Socialists and, 164–65
Hessen, Grand Duchy of, 239–40
Higher Criticism of the Bible, 61–62
Highgate Cemetery, London, 402, 548
Hirsch, Wilhelm, 275, 284
Historical School of Law, 124
Hitler, Adolf, xvii, 528, 553–54
Hobsbawm, Eric, xii–xiii
Höfken, Gustav, 82, 91
Holbach, Paul-Henri d’, 91
Holstein, Duchy of, 229, 339–40, 353, 362, 500
Holy Alliance, 88, 249
Holy Family, The. Or, the Critique of Critical Criticism: Against Bruno Bauer and His Associates (Marx and Engels), 161–63, 164, 165, 172, 175
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