Holy Roman Empire, 4, 7, 8
Holy Shroud, 10, 19–20
Hommer, Joseph von, 19
House of Commons, British, 296, 318, 520, 521
Hugo, Victor, 116, 536
human species essence, concept of, 62, 126, 147, 170–71, 176
Humboldt, Alexander von, 338–39
Hungary, 194, 237
Huxley, Thomas Henry, 394, 396
Hyndman, Henry, 478–79, 521
Illustrated News, 503
Immandt, Peter, 246, 270, 283
imperialism, 312, 315, 319, 336, 524
“Inaugural Address,” see “Address to the Working Class”
India, 201, 401
British colonial rule in, 313–18, 436, 559
uprising of 1857 in, 302
industrial revolution, xv, 435–36
Institute of Marxism-Leninism, xiv
interest rates, 444
Interior Ministry, French, 150
Interior Ministry, Prussian, 236
International Alliance of Socialist Democracy, 373, 505, 513, 516
International Democratic Congress, 200
International Institute for Social History, xiv
International Marx-Engels Foundation, xiv
International Working Men’s Association (IWMA)(First International), xvi, 331, 337, 356, 365, 369–74, 376, 377, 402, 435, 447, 471, 474, 485, 487, 492, 522, 527, 546–47, 549, 551, 557, 558
British Federation and, 508–9
demise of, 515–17
1870 Congress of, 374
First Congress of, 358
general congresses of, 361
Hague Conference of, 512–15, 535
“Inaugural Address” and, 356, 390–91
as Jewish conspiracy, 509–10
London conference of, 505–8
Marx-Bakunin conflicts in, 372–73, 502–15
Marx’s role in, 357–59, 360, 363–64, 368–69, 371, 431
most effective actions of, 358–59
New York General Council of, 514–16
Paris Commune and, 378–80, 382
People’s Party and, 367–69
“Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law” (Marx), 122–26, 149, 172
Ireland, 88–89, 359, 365, 371–72, 447, 491, 521
Great Famine of 1846–51 in, 371
Isaiah, Prophet, 66
Isle of Wight, 543, 545
Italian War and the Task of Prussia, The (Lassalle), 339
Italy, 60, 117, 373, 374, 506, 510–11
Northern Italian War in, 327–29, 331, 334–35, 339, 362, 364
Revolution of 1848 in, 195, 237, 241–42
Jackson, Thomas J. “Stonewall,” 351
Jacobi, Abraham, 285
Jacobins, 35, 120–21, 210, 225, 229, 251, 287, 378, 555, 558
Jäger, Gustav, 396
Japan, 319, 522
Jena, University of, 69–70
Jesus of Nazareth, 128–29
Jevons, William Stanley, 460–61
Jews, Judaism:
capitalism and, 127, 131–33, 134
emancipation debate an, 127–32, 134
Hep Hep riots and, 17–18
Marx’s identity with, 493, 496–502, 548–49, 553–55
Napoleon’s infamous decree and, 11–12, 20
as nation, 5
Prussia and, 16–17
race theory and, 410–11
social Darwinism and, 553
of Trier, 5–7, 10–13, 16–17
John, Book of, 29
Jones, Ernest, 157, 318
Jude, Der (The Jew), 18
July Monarchy, 117, 120
June Days, 226–27
Jung, Robert, 80–83, 87, 90–91, 96–97, 105, 140
Junkers, 492
Justice, 42
Kant, Immanuel, 8, 49–50, 52, 68, 389, 408
Karl Marx: Man and Fighter (Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen), xii
Karl Marx House, xiv
Kathedersozialisten, 459
Kautsky, Karl, 524, 550, 552
Kerr, Alfred, 25
Kershaw, Ian, xvii
Kierkegaard, Søren, 40
Kinkel, Gottfried, xvii, 223, 253, 267, 268–71, 276, 330, 412
Klüngel, 81, 104
Koch, Robert, 542–43
Koehler, Herr, 249
Kohl, Helmut, xiv
Komp, Albrecht, 498
Kossuth, Lajos, xvii, 276–77, 557
Kovalevsky, Maxim, 460, 532
Krause, Carl (Charles Fleury), 275
Kriege, Hermann, 159
Krosigk, Eduard von, 58
Kugelmann, Franziska, 110
Kugelmann, Ludwig, 110, 366, 374, 379–80, 395, 408, 458–59, 475, 477, 538
labor, 429–30
alienation of, 145–47
in Capital, 424–25, 429–30, 432, 538
division of, 169–70, 538
mechanization of, 432–33, 439, 441, 443, 451
labor movement, German, 525–30, 549
Bismarck and, 526–27
and creation of German state, 525
“Critique of the Gotha Program” and, 526–27, 537–38, 558
French socialists and, 531–32
IWMA and, see International Working Men’s Association
Marx and, 355–57, 459–60, 462–63
Lassalle’s legacy and, 361–62
Liebknecht and, 140, 363–64, 366–69
as mass movement, 551–52, 557, 559
Prussian regime and, 362–63
revisionism and, 529–30
trade unions and, 358–59
Unity Congress and, 525–28
labor theory of value, 173, 427–30, 444, 460–61, 537
Lafargue, François, 410
Lafargue, Laura Marx, xvi, 136, 186, 262, 301, 360–61, 377, 468, 470–71, 472, 481, 484, 488, 512, 545
Lafargue, Paul, 360–61, 377, 395, 410, 471–72, 484, 488, 510, 531, 540
Lamartine, Alphonse, 120
Landor, R., 536
landowners, 448, 452
Lange, Friedrich Albert, 395, 416
Lapínski, Colonel, 412
Lassalle, Ferdinand, xvi, 256, 309–10, 338, 353–54, 363, 366, 376, 394, 475, 476, 478, 486, 497, 500, 508, 514, 535
background of, 338–39
death of, 354–55
flamboyant personality of, 340–41
legacy of, 361–62
on Marx as thinker, 388
Marx’s Berlin trip and, 342–43
Marx’s political relationship with, 339–42, 346
Marx’s Prussian citizenship problem and, 345–46
Marx-Vogt feud and, 339
race theory and, 411
Leaders of Modern Thought, 503–4
League of Poets, 38
League of the Just, 156, 158, 161, 179–80, 194, 196, 247
see also Communist League
Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre, 120
Leibnitz, Gottfried von, 19
Leipzig, Battle of (Battle of the Nations), 14
Le Lubez, Victor, 355
Lenger, Friedrich, xvii
Lenin, V. I., 157, 524, 529, 552
Leroux, Pierre, 97
Leske, Karl Julius, 149, 172–73
Lessing, Gotthold, 91
Lessner, Friedrich, 284, 546
Levi, Samuel, 21
Levine, Norman, 550
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 289
Lewy, Chaje Lwow, 6
Lewy, Marx, 6–7, 11
Liberal Party, British, 506, 507–9, 513, 520–22, 524, 529, 542, 551
Liberman, Aron, 554
Liebknecht, Wilhelm, xvi, 246, 330, 332, 335, 342, 354, 375–76, 475, 478, 506, 509, 512, 520–21, 525, 527, 528
Cologne Communist Trial and, 283–84
German labor movement and, 140, 363–64, 366–69
Jenny Marx as portrayed by, 473–74
Marx recollected by, 140, 320, 469, 488
at Marx
’s funeral, 546–47
Life of Jesus Theologically Examined (Strauss), 62, 137
Lincoln, Abraham, 352
List, Friedrich, 82
Liszt, Franz, 40, 121
Lloyd, Samuel, 265
Locke, John, 19
Loers, Vitus, 33–34
London, England:
exiles’ plight in, 245–47, 255–56
Marx’s move to, 243
Marx’s political exile in, 263–66, 271–72
Marx’s poverty in, 253–58
Marx’s residences in, 254–55, 297–98, 350, 540
police spies in, 275–78
London Daily Telegraph, 244, 332
London Stock Exchange, 244
London World Exhibition of 1862, 348
Longuet, Charles, 42, 469, 540
Longuet, Jean-Laurent-Frederick, 540
Longuet, Jenny Marx, xvi, 121–22, 372, 374–75, 470, 472, 481, 485, 488, 517, 521–22, 539, 545
Longuet, Marcel, 539
Louis XIV, King of France, 6–7
Louis XVI, King of France, 225
Löwenstamm, Moses, 21
Lüning, Heinrich, 188
Luther, Martin, xvii, 95, 287
Luxemburg, Rosa, 524
Lwow, Aaron, 6
Lwow, Joshua Heschel, 6–7
Lwow, Moses, 6
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 111
Maenchen-Helfen, Otto, xii
Maine, Henry, 315
Malthus, Thomas, 394, 419, 447, 456–57
Marx’s criticism of, 449–51
Mannheim Evening News, 185
Mao Zedong, 559
March Address of 1850, 247–48, 249, 251–52, 282
“Marginal Notes on the Program of the German Workers’ Party” (Marx), 526
marginal utility theory, 422, 460–62, 554
Marr, Wilhelm, 500
Marseillaise, 28
Martí, José, 549
Marx, Caroline, 23
Marx, Cerf, 19
Marx, Edgar, 186, 256, 293–94, 301, 470
Marx, Eduard, 23
Marx, Eleanor, xvi, 19, 44, 136, 262, 283, 294, 297, 306, 372, 396, 406, 468, 472–73, 481, 489, 491, 518, 524, 539–40, 541, 546
Marx, Emilie, 23, 344
Marx, Franziska, 254, 260–61, 294, 469
Marx, Heinrich, xvi, 33–34, 37, 40–41, 44, 46, 47–48, 59, 70, 75, 101, 129, 349
children of, 23–24
in conversion to Protestantism, 16–19, 20, 62
death of, 55–56
Enlightenment ideas and, 19–20
estate of, 72–73
law practice of, 20, 23–24
law studies of, 12–13, 16
letter to Marx on Hegel, 52–55
marriage of, 20–21
Marx’s relationship with, 21–22, 52–55
Trier Casino episode and, 28–29
Marx, Heinrich Guido, 254, 260–61, 294, 297
Marx, Henriette (sister), 23
Marx, Henriette Presburg (mother), xvi, 44, 47, 256
children of, 23
death of, 349–50
division of Heinrich’s estate and, 72–73
Jenny Marx’s meeting with, 122
marriage of, 20–22
Marx’s 1861 visit with, 344–45
Marx’s relationship with, 24–25, 71–73, 345, 483
Marx, Hermann, 23, 37, 57
Marx, Jenny (daughter), see Longuet, Jenny Marx
Marx, Jenny von Westphalen, xvi, 57, 155, 198–99, 215, 240, 242, 243, 259, 260, 271, 276, 277, 283, 295, 318, 321, 333, 334, 345, 346, 349–51, 375, 472, 477, 498, 512, 540, 553
children’s deaths and, 261, 293–94, 301
death of, 466, 540–41
Engels’s correspondence with, 480, 483
Engels’s eulogy for, 541–42, 546–47
family poverty and, 253–57, 297–99, 348, 481, 483–84
final days of, 540–41
health of, 186, 342
Henriette Marx’s meeting with, 122
home life of, 488–89
Liebknecht’s portrayal of, 473–74
marriage contract of, 109–11
married life of, 466–68, 481, 556
Marx’s correspondence with, 44–45, 76–78, 121–22
Marx’s courtship and engagement of, 41–42, 45–48, 109
Marx’s illegitimate child and, 263
Marx’s relationship with, 42, 45–46, 55, 71, 76–78, 106
obituary of, 42
Paris sojourn of, 119, 121–22, 134–35, 151
Marx, Karl:
alleged anti-Semitism of, 123, 131, 134, 496–97, 555
anglicization of, 493–94, 495
Asia interest of, 312–13, 315–20
baptism of, 23
Belgium’s expulsion of, 215–16
in Berlin trip of 1861, 343–46
at Berlin University, 39–40, 48, 52–53
birth of, 3, 23
birthplace of, see Trier, Germany
at Bonn University, 37–39
bourgeois lifestyle of, 482–86, 488, 491–92, 501
Brussels writings of, 161–64
chess interest of, 490
childhood of, 24–25
children of, xvi
children’s deaths and, 293–94, 469
classic texts of, xv–xvi
communist ideas encountered by, 78–79, 96–100
contemporary perception of, xi–xiii, 555–56
contemporary relevance of, xviii–xix
cultural interests of, 489–90
Darwinism and, 393–96
daughters’ upbringing and, 469–73
death of, 545
doctoral thesis of, 58–59, 66–70
dueling and brawling of, 38–39, 40, 465–66, 498–99
Edgar Marx’s death and, 293–94
education of, 25–27, 29, 33
1845 England trip of, 155–57
Engels and, see Engels, Friedrich
English language skills of, 255, 495
ethnic identity of, 493–95
excerpting practice of, 111
fatherhood and, 468–71
father’s death and, 55–56
final travels of, 543–45
financial problems of, xvi, 26, 37, 54, 57–58, 71–73, 109–10, 122, 155, 186–88, 198–99, 232–33, 238, 242, 253–58, 279, 296–302, 347–50, 369–71, 481, 483–85, 487, 500–501
first preserved writings of, 29–33
first theoretical venture of, 111–12
France’s expulsion of, 150–52
friendships of, 476–78
funeral of, 546–47
gravesite of, 402, 548
health problems of, 56, 160, 254, 292, 295, 300–301, 327, 347, 349–51, 354, 356, 361, 369, 382–83, 387, 451, 464, 483, 487, 502–3, 517–19, 530, 542–43
Hegelian ideas and, 49–53
high culture and, 489–90
horseriding experience of, 321, 490
iconic status of, 548–49
illegitimate child of, 262–63
inheritance issue and, 56–58, 70–73, 187, 199, 215, 253, 343, 345, 349–50
irascibility of, 185, 502
Jenny’s engagement to, 41–42, 44–48, 109
Jewish identity of, 133–34, 493, 496–502, 548–49, 553–55
as journalist, 292–302, 303
languages studied by, 25–26, 27
legal office held by, 489
literacy interests of, 48–49, 489
London residences of, 254–55, 297–98, 350, 540
marriage contract of, 109–11
married life of, 466–68, 481, 556
media interest in, 503–4
memorial service for, 546–47
methodology of, 174
as middle class, 488–89, 491–92
modern descendants of, 540
in move to London, 243
music interest of, 490
nickname of, 38
Odd Fellows incident and, 494–95
Paris and worldview of, 119–20, 122–23
Paris writings of, see Paris manuscripts
paternal ancestry of, 6–7
personal conflicts and, 185, 188–89
personality traits of, 476–77
police spies and, 275–78
popular culture interest of, 490
post doctorate of, 73–74
private life of, 461, 464, 466–68, 481, 488–89, 490, 493–94, 500–501, 503, 539–40
pro-terrorism sympathies of, 536–37
Prussian citizenship of, 185–86, 345–46, 495–96
public image of, 502–3
public persona of, 488–89
public speaking and, 105, 230
public stature of, 503–4
race and, 410–14
in relocation to Paris, 117–20
rivals and allies of, xvi–xvii
romantic love and, 466–67
science and, 392–93
self-criticism of, 172, 287
and sense of manhood, 464–66, 468
social question and, 96–97
spa treatments sought by, 518
teaching style of, 26
university education of, 37–40, 48, 52–53, 105–6
unpublished work of, 557–58
in withdrawal from political life, 292, 298
women’s issues and, 474–76
working class relationship with, 491–93
working style of, 387–88, 487–88, 490–91, 500
writing process of, 487–88
youthful writings of, 48–49
Marx, Laura, see Lafargue, Laura Marx
Marx, Louise, 23, 24–25
Marx, Mauritz David, 23
Marx, Samuel, 11–12
Marx, Sophia, 23, 41
Marxism, 274
Darwinism and, 393–95
Engels and, 550–53
Hitler as enemy of, 553–54
as ideology, 551
as political movement, 551
revisionism and, 529
twentieth-century communists and, 559–60
Marxology, xviii
materialism, 112, 398, 417
Mäurer, German, 118
Mazzini, Giuseppe, xvii, xix, 60–61, 157, 237, 277, 356, 357–58, 373, 503, 549, 557
MEGA project, xiii–xiv, 137, 164
Mehring, Franz, 166, 213
Merkens, Heinrich, 86
Metternich, Germain, 219
Mevissen, Gustav, 81, 97
Meyen, Eduard, 91
Meyer, Julius, 160, 184
Michelet, Jules, 116
Microcosm: Draft of a Physiological Anthropology (Daniels), 392
middle class, 98–99, 405, 466, 491, 529
Mill, James, 142, 419, 456–57, 459, 461
Mill, John Stuart, 155, 265, 419, 428, 438, 451, 456–57, 459, 460, 461
Miquel, Johannes, 367
Mirabeau, Comte de, 288
Mirror of Society, 159
Moldavia, 117–18
Moll, Joseph, 156, 196, 215, 228, 230, 246
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